Increased nitric oxide synthase activity and expression in the hypothalamus of hindlimb unloaded rats

Upon return from spaceflight or resumption of normal posture after bed rest, individuals often exhibit cardiovascular deconditioning. Although the mechanisms responsible for cardiovascular deconditioning have yet to be fully elucidated, alterations within the central nervous system have been postulated to be involved. The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the hypothalamus are important brain regions in control of sympathetic outflow and body fluid homeostasis. Nitric oxide (NO) modulates the activity of PVN and SON neurons, and alterations in NO transmission within these brain regions may contribute to symptoms of cardiovascular deconditioning. The purpose of the present study was to examine nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and expression in the PVN and SON of control and hindlimb unloaded (HU) rats, an animal model of cardiovascular deconditioning. The number of neurons exhibiting NOS activity as assessed by NADPH-diaphorase staining was significantly greater in the PVN but not SON of HU rats. Western blot analysis revealed that neuronal NOS (nNOS) but not endothelial NOS (eNOS) protein expression was higher in the PVN of HU rats. In the SON, there was a strong trend for an increase in nNOS (p=0.052) and a significant increase in eNOS expression in HU rats. Our results suggest that increased nNOS in the PVN contributes to autonomic and humoral alterations following cardiovascular deconditioning. In contrast, the functional significance of increases in nNOS and eNOS protein in the SON may be related to alterations in vasopressin release observed previously in HU rats.     

盆底肌锻炼对不同绝经状态下中老年女性轻度盆腔器官脱垂盆底功能的影响

目的:评价对于处在不同绝经状态下轻度盆腔器官脱垂(POP)的女性,进行盆底肌锻炼干预对其盆底功能的影响.方法:纳入2020年1月至2021年1月在复旦大学附属上海市第五人民医院盆底中心就诊的中老年轻度(Ⅰ～Ⅱ期)POP患者(年龄45～65岁)共计165例为研究对象,采用生殖衰老分期系统(STRAW+ 10)将其分为绝经...     

Mild moxibustion at different intervention times on the levels of ET-1 and NO in the uterine tissues of rats with cold-damp coagulation and stagnation type dysmenorrhea

Objective

To observe the differences in analgesic effect of moxibustion at different intervention times on dysmenorrhea rats and explore its effect mechanism.

Ultrasound Evaluation of Site-Specific Effect of Simulated Microgravity on Articular Cartilage

Space flight induces acute changes in normal physiology in response to the microgravity environment. Articular cartilage is subjected to high loads under a ground reaction force on Earth. The objectives of this study were to investigate the site dependence of morphological and ultrasonic parameters of articular cartilage and to examine the site-specific responses of articular cartilage to simulated microgravity using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM). Six rats underwent tail suspension (simulated microgravity) for four weeks and six other rats were kept under normal Earth gravity as controls. Cartilage thickness, ultrasound roughness index (URI), integrated reflection coefficient (IRC) and integrated backscatter coefficient (IBC) of cartilage tissues, as well as histological degeneration were measured at the femoral head (FH), medial femoral condyle (MFC), lateral femoral condyle (LFC), patello-femoral groove (PFG) and patella (PAT). The results showed site dependence not significant in all UBM parameters except cartilage thickness (p < 0.01) in the control specimens. Only minor changes in articular cartilage were induced by 4-week tail suspension, although there were significant decreases in cartilage thickness at the MFC and PAT (p < 0.05) and a significant increase in URI at the PAT (p < 0.01). This study suggested that the 4-week simulated microgravity had only mild effects on femoral articular cartilage in the rat model. This information is useful for human spaceflight and clinical medicine in improving understanding of the effect of microgravity on articular cartilage. However, the effects of longer duration microgravity experience on articular cartilage need further investigation. (E-mail: rsguoxia@inet.polyu.edu.hk)     

疗养院收治康复病人效益分析

目的研究疗养院康复科收治地方康复病人的病种和效益,为疗养院康复科建设提供依据。方法对康复病人病种进行分类统计,分析各病种的比例和技术、经济效益。结果脑卒中、脑外伤、截瘫、骨科创伤术后和老年病等5类病种效益最好。结论疗养院康复科应将收治脑卒中、脑外伤、截瘫、骨科创伤术后和老年病等5类病人作为主要业务发展方向。     

Experimentelle untersuchungen zur belastbarkeit von DHS-osteosynthesen nach verschiedenen osteotomieformen im trochantären femurbereich

Zusammenfassung An 32 Leichenfemora wurden durch standardisierte Osteotomien stabile, relativ instabile und völlig instabile Frakturen (nach Evans) imitiert. Nach Versorgung durch DHS-Osteosynthese wurden die Präparate einer Stabilitätsprüfung unterzogen. Zyklische Belastungen wurden jeweils um 500 N bis zur maximalen Belastbarkeit (Bruchlast) gesteigert. Zudem wurde die plastische Verformung bei 2000N gemessen. Dabei ergaben sich keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den 3 Osteotomieformen. Die mittlere maximale Belastbarkeit war allerdings bei der Gruppe mit de m völlig instabilen Osteotomietyp statistisch signifikant kleiner als die bei den beiden anderen Gruppen. Jedoch erlaubt selbst der bei der Bestimmung der maximalen Belastbarkeit ermittelte niedrigste Einzelwert mit 2275 N dem Normalgewichtigen postoperative Vollbelastung.

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Experimental investigations for evaluation of the load capacity of DHS osteosyntheses after different forms of osteotomy in the trochanter region

Standardized osteotomies were performed to mimic fractures classified as (a) stable, (b) partly unstable and (c) complete unstable (according to Evans) in 32 postmortem femoral bones. The stability of all preparations was examined after the performance of an osteosynthesis with a dynamic hip screw. Cycled loadings were increased stepwise every 500 N to the maximum loading capacity (load of facture). In addition, the distorsion at 2000 N was measured. There were no statistically significant differences between the three groups (a), (b), and (c). The average maximum load capacity was significantly lower in group (c) than in groups (a) and (b). Nevertheless, the lowest value (2275 N) recorded for the maximum loading capacity in our study means that in a normal weight person full weight-bearing can be allowed postoperatively.

     

Effects of two-levels,four-levels,and four-levels plus offset-hook posterior fixation techniques on protecting the surgical correction of unstable thoracolumbar vertebral fractures: a clinical study

Following fracture reduction and initial reconstitution of spinal alignment, loss of correction over time is frequently observed after posterior instrumentation. The degree of stability to provide a favorable environment for protection of initial correction is not known. A total of 36 patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures were divided into three groups. Group 1 included 12 patients treated by two-levels fixation, group 2 included ten patients treated by four-levels fixation, and group 3 included 14 patients treated by four-levels plus offset-hook fixation. Preoperative, early postoperative, and 1-year follow-up lateral spinal radiographs were evaluated by measuring the local kyphosis angle (LKA), the percentage of anterior body-height compression (%ABC), and the sagittal index (SI). For protecting the initial correction of LKA, group 3 was superior to the other groups (P<0.05). For protecting the initial correction of %ABC, groups 2 and 3 were the same (P>0.05), and these two groups were superior to group 1 (P<0.05). For protecting the initial correction of SI, group 3 was superior to group 1 (P<0.05), and the other groups were the same (P>0.05). Group 1 had a significant failure rate compared to the other groups (P<0.05). Two-levels fixation was the least stable system, and four-levels fixation plus offset hook was the most stable.     

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in CAPN10 Gene of Chinese People and Its Correlation With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Han People of Northern China

To investigate the distribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CAPN10 gene in Chinese population and their relation with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Han people of Northern China. Methods CAPN10 gene was sequenced to detect SNPs in different nationalities of China. Five SNPs were chosen to perform case-control study and haplotype analysis in 156 normal Han people of Northern China and 173 type 2 diabetes. One SNP was also analyzed with transmission-disequilibrium test (TDT) and sib transmissiondisequilibrium test (STDT) in 68 type 2 diabetes pedigrees (37Tpeople). Results A total of 40 SNPs were identified in length of 8 936bp, with an average of 1 in every 223bp. The SNPs in CAPN10 gene did not distribute evenly and the SNPs in Chinese were different from those reported in Mexican American. There was no significantly statistical difference in the allele frequency of the 5 SNPs between case and control, and the haplotype frequencies in the two groups were not significantly different. No positive results was found in TDT and STDT analysis. Conclusions The SNP distribution of CAPN10 gene differs in different nationalities. The studied SNPs in CAPN10 gene may not be the major susceptibility ones of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Han people of Northern China.     

人对短时间微重力环境反应的初步观察

在失重飞机上,以每个抛物线飞行创造35～40秒钟的微重力环境,对43名被试者进行了82架次微重力实验飞行,研究了失重对人的前庭功能、心血管功能及进食饮水的影响。实验发现人对短时间微重力环境适应好的和较好者为83.7%,适应性较差或差者为16.3%;个别被试者出现轻微的空间运动病症状;或出聊心血管异常反应;对航天食品和饮料以及包装方式、进食方法进行了考验,取得了有益的资料。     

温州市2005年不同人群HIV抗体检测结果分析

目的:为了解温州市艾滋病病毒感染状况,为温州市艾滋病的监测和防治工作提供理论依据。方法:收集2005年温州市各疾控系统、医疗单位、中心血站、戒毒所、出入境检验检疫局等单位各血清样本和资料,其中包括性病门诊就诊者、哨点监测、吸毒人员、献血者、卖淫者及部分术前病人等人群的样本血清学检测并进行资料分析。结果:2005年共检测138 572份血清,初筛检出H IV抗体阳性为179例,确证H IV抗体阳性为70例。H IV抗体阳性率高的人群为H IV阳性者的配偶、自愿检测者、性病病人、吸毒者,阳性率分别为7.69%、3.42%、2.83%、2.57%,术前检查者、献血员、劳教人员H IV抗体阳性检出率较低,阳性率分别为0.05%、0.01%、0.10%。70例H IV抗体阳性者中术前检查者、吸毒者、性病病人阳性构成比居前三位,分别为41.43%、21.43%、14.29%,自愿检测者、献血员、劳教人员、H IV阳性者配偶阳性构成比较低,分别为10.00%、7.14%、4.29%、1.43%。结论:温州市H IV感染率在特殊人群中比例较高,虽然一般人群仍处于较低水平但H IV的感染有开始向一般人群扩散的趋势,所以不仅要继续加强监测,同时还应开展健康教育为主的干预,提高我们一般人群自我防范意识,以遏制艾滋病在我市的流行和蔓延。