不同频率脉冲电磁场对骨保护素基因敲除小鼠骨代谢指标影响

目的采用不同频率的脉冲电磁场干预骨保护素基因敲除小鼠骨质疏松模型,探讨脉冲电磁 场治疗骨质疏松的最适治疗频率。方法8周龄雌雄各半骨保护素基因敲除小鼠30只,随机分为 A、B、C 3组,每组10只,粤组为空白对照组,不进行干预;B组小鼠每天在强度为4皂栽,频率为8 HZ 的磁场中照射治疗20 min,共30 d;C组小鼠每天在强度为4 mT,频率为32 HZ的磁场中照射治疗20 min,共30凿。各组小鼠在治疗前及治疗30d后用酶联免疫法（ELISA )法检测抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶 缘遭及血清骨钙素值。结果8HZ、32HZ两治疗组在治疗后抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶5遭,血清骨钙素含 量与A对照组之间比较差异有统计学意义（P <0.05 ), 8 HZ、32 HZ两治疗组之间治疗前与治疗后所 测三种指标比较差异无统计学意义（P >0.05 )。结论脉冲电磁场对骨保护素基因敲除小鼠骨质疏 松有肯定治疗效果,应用频率为8-32 HZ的磁场治疗能产生相同的治疗效果。     

Role of different negative pressure values in the process of infected wounds treated by vacuum‐assisted closure: an experimental study

Vacuum‐assisted closure (VAC) device is widely used to treat infected wounds in clinical work. Although the effect of VAC with different negative pressure values is well established, whether different negative pressures could result in varying modulation of wound relative cytokines was not clear. We hypothesise that instead of the highest negative pressure value the suitable value for VAC is the one which is the most effective on regulating wound relative cytokines. Infected wounds created on pigs' back were used to investigate the effects of varying negative pressure values of VAC devices. Wounds were treated with VAC of different negative pressure values or moist gauze, which was set as control. The VAC foam, semiocclusive dresses and moist gauze were changed on days 3, 5, 7 and 9 after wounds were created. When changing dressings, tissues from wounds were harvested for bacteria count and histology examination including Masson's trichrome stain and immunohistochemistry for microvessels. Western blot was carried out to test the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Results showed that on days 3 and 5 the number of bacteria in wounds treated by VAC with 75, 150, 225 and 300 mmHg was significantly decreased compared with that in wounds treated by gauze and 0 mmHg pressure value. However, there was no difference in wounds treated with negative pressure values of 75 , 150, 225 and 300 mmHg at any time spot. Immunohistochemistry showed that more microvessels were generated in wounds treated by VAC using 75 and 150 mmHg negative pressure comparing with that using 225 and 300 mmHg on days 3 and 5. However this difference vanished on days 7 and 9. Morphological evaluation by Masson's trichrome staining showed increased collagen deposition in VAC of 75 and 150 mmHg compared with that in VAC of 225 and 300 mmHg. Western blot showed that the expression of VEGF and bFGF significantly increased when the wounds treated with 75 and 150 mmHg negative pressure values compared with the wounds treated with 225 and 300 mmHg on day 5. Treatment using VAC with different negative pressure values more than 75 mmHg has similar efficiency on reducing bacteria in the infected wound. VAC with negative pressure values of 75 and 150 mmHg promote wound healing more quickly than other pressure values. Moreover, comparing with vigorous negative pressure, relatively moderate pressures contribute to wound healing via accelerated granulation growth, increased angiogenic factor production and improved collagen fibre deposition. Further study of this model may show other molecular mechanisms.     

南京市不同人群对骨质疏松症知晓情况调查

目的了解南京市一般人群、医护人员和骨质疏松症患者对骨质疏松症相关知识的知晓情况及其影响因素,为制定合理有效的骨质疏松症健康教育策略提供参考依据。方法采用自行设计的问卷对三类人群进行自填式问卷调查。结果医护人员正确认识骨质疏松症的知晓率83.1%,明显高于一般人群的49.1%和患者的44.8%(P=0.000)。关于骨质疏松健康危害的调查选项只有2名医护人员答案完全正确。预防骨质疏松的知识知晓率,医护人员为31.3%,明显高于一般人群10.2%和患者人群7.9%(P=0.000)。调查相关信息的获取和愿意接受的来源中,医护人员主要来自于医疗结构,一般人群和患者人群主要来自媒体机构。结论一般人群和骨质疏松症患者关于骨质疏松症的知识知晓率低,医疗机构在对社会人群的骨质疏松症健康教育中没有发挥应有的作用;而医护人员的骨质疏松症知识也仍然需要加强教育。     

The effect of using different types of periodic contact rate on the behaviour of infectious diseases: a simulation study

This paper studies the effect of using different types of seasonally varying contact rate on the behaviour of the seasonally varying infectious diseases for an SEIR epidemic model. Our target is to investigate the long term behaviour of the system in response to changes in beta(1), the amplitude parameter of the seasonal contact rate, which is our bifurcation parameter. This amplitude parameter is used as a filter to plot the length in years of the period of the stable endemic periodic solution of the SEIR model. Another main aim of this simulation study is to explain how can the type of the contact rate affect the behaviour of the disease dynamics. The simulation results have indicated that using different functional forms of seasonally varying contact rate generates different patterns of solutions for each disease parameter set and type of contact rate. So prediction of the type of disease outbreaks depends on the form of contact rate. Thus it is important to determine which type of contact rate is more likely to match the actual dynamics of each disease. Also these results have shown how the dynamics of the disease depend on the amplitude of the seasonally varying contact rate. Apart from some of the results for measles with a sinusoidal periodic function the simulation results are original and give a clear and a much broader insight into the features of the dynamics of these diseases [D. Greenhalgh, I.A. Moneim, SIRS epidemic model and simulations using different types of seasonal contact rate, Syst. Anal. Modelling Simul. 43(5) (2003) 573-600; I.A. Moneim, D. Greenhalgh, Threshold and stability results for an SIRS epidemic model with a general periodic vaccination strategy, J. Biol. Syst. 13(2) (2005), to appear].     

不同剂型桂枝葛根汤治疗颈性眩晕的疗效比较

摘 要 目的：观察不同剂型桂枝葛根汤治疗颈性眩晕的疗效差异,并初步探讨其作用机制。方法：96例颈椎病患者随机分为饮片组、配方颗粒组和葛根定眩胶囊组各32例,分别采用桂枝葛根汤饮片、配方颗粒和葛根定眩胶囊治疗14 d,比较3组患者的疗效和治疗前后血流动力学指标变化,酶联免疫法测定3组患者治疗前后IL-6及IL 1β的表达。结果：3组总有效率比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。治疗后3 组患者眩晕和头痛评分均较治疗前明显改善（P＜0.01）,饮片组眩晕评分优于胶囊组（P＜0.05）。治疗后3组患者基底动脉和双侧椎动脉的Vs和Vm均较治疗前明显增加（P＜0.01),且配方颗粒组和胶囊组椎动脉的Vm低于饮片组（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）。治疗后,饮片组和配方颗粒组血清IL 6水平较治疗前明显降低(P<0.05),饮片组和胶囊组血清IL-1β水平较治疗前明显降低(P<0.05);胶囊组血清IL-6水平显著高于其他两组(P<0.05),饮片组血清IL 1β水平显著低于配方颗粒组和胶囊组(P<0.05)。结论：桂枝葛根汤三种剂型治疗颈性眩晕的总有效率相当,部分疗效指标饮片相比配方颗粒和胶囊更优。此作用可能与增加脑血流及抑制相关炎症因子IL-6及IL-1β的表达有一定关联。     

高乌头炮制品的HPLC指纹图谱研究及其2种生物碱成分含量测定

目的 建立不同产区高乌头炮制品的HPLC指纹图谱,并测定2种生物碱成分的含量,为高乌头制品质量控制提供参考依据。方法 通过HPLC梯度洗脱建立高乌头炮制品的指纹图谱,并采用中药指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2012版)、主成分分析(PCA)和聚类分析(CA)对指纹图谱进行分析。结果 建立了高乌头炮制品指纹图谱,10批高乌头制品的相似度均大于0.90,标定共有峰18个,并对其中2主要成分(高乌甲素、冉乌头碱)进行含量测定;聚类分析(CA)将所有批次高乌头制品分为4类,反映了10批不同产区高乌头制品的质量特征;主成分分析(PCA)筛选出累计贡献率达到88.824%的4个主成分,得到决定高乌头药材质量7个化学成分。结论 该方法重现性好、特征性强可用于高乌头炮制品全面质量评价。     

红旱莲不同部位金丝桃苷含量测定

目的 比较了红旱莲药材不同部位（茎、叶、花、果）中金丝桃苷的含量差异。方法 采用高效液相色谱法进行测定,采用C₁₈（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）色谱柱,乙腈-0.1%磷酸为流动相,360 nm为检测波长,流速为1.0 mL·min^-1,柱温30 ℃。结果 金丝桃苷的线性范围为2.904～58.08 μg·mL^-1,相关系数r=0.999 8,平均回收率为 95.1%,RSD为1.3%;红旱莲药材不同部位（茎、叶、花、果）中金丝桃苷的含量分别为0.405、3.221、2.260、0.371 mg·g^-1。结论 红旱莲中不同部位中金丝桃苷含量具有显著差异,叶中含量最高。     

白桦茸不同部位多糖含量比较分析及抗疲劳作用研究

目的 建立白桦茸多糖含量测定方法,比较不同部位多糖含量及抗疲劳作用。方法 采用紫外分光光度法测定比较不同部位多糖含量,小鼠负重力竭游泳实验比较不同部位抗疲劳作用。结果 重复性RSD=1.77%（n=6）,加样回收率为99.93%,RSD=1.96%（n=6）。白桦茸菌肉多糖含量3.18%,外壳含量8.57%。与空白组比较,菌肉与外壳组小鼠负重游泳力竭时间显著延长。结论 该方法准确、简便,可用于白桦茸多糖含量测定。外壳多糖含量显著高于菌肉,白桦茸外壳提升正常小鼠抗疲劳能力较菌肉强。     

3D回旋仪模拟微重力效应对小鼠骨骼和 心脏的影响

目的：利用3D 回旋仪模拟微重力效应探究对小鼠骨骼和心脏的影响。方法：25 只8 周龄雄性C57BL/6J 小鼠,随机分成5 组（n=3~5）：地面对照组（GC 组）,3 周处理对照组（TC3 组）,3 周模拟微重力组（SM3 组）,6 周 处理对照组（TC6 组）,6 周模拟微重力组（SM6 组）。使用Micro-CT 检测小鼠左股骨参数变化。采用超声方法检 测小鼠心脏结构和功能的变化。结果：与GC 组相比,TC3 组、SM3 组、TC6 和SM6 组小鼠的骨体积分数,骨小 梁厚度显著降低（P<0.05）,骨小梁间距显著增加（P<0.05）。骨小梁数量和皮质骨壁厚度没有显著性差异。3D 回 旋仪处理3 周后,与小鼠左心室后壁厚度变薄相比,其他参数没有变化。而在第6 周,舒张期和收缩期的左心室 内径变小,左心室质量变轻。结论：3D 回旋仪模拟微重力效应会导致小鼠骨质流失,影响心脏结构和功能,且具 有时间效应。     

微重力引起的骨质丢失研究进展

人类对太空的探索日益频繁,然而太空微重力会引起航天员骨质丢失,对航天员的健康造成损害。因此,有研究者通过航天实验及模拟微重力实验研究微重力下骨质丢失的发生机制及解决措施。微重力会引起成骨细胞和破骨细胞代谢活动改变,并引起机体对钙离子新陈代谢的改变。航天微重力导致的骨质丢失是微重力和太空射线共同作用的结果。本文将对微重力所致骨质丢失的发生机制和治疗对策加以概述。