新生儿舒适护理研究进展

阐述了体位对早产儿呼吸系统、胃肠道功能及心理的影响，沐浴、体温测量对新生儿皮肤有影响。提出保护性措施可减轻对患儿的伤害，提高其舒适度。     

25G微创玻璃体切除术治疗眼内异物的疗效及术后视力的影响因素分析

目的:探讨经25G微创玻璃体切除手术(PPV)治疗的眼内异物的临床特征及疗效,分析术后视力的影响因素。方法:收集西南医科大学附属医院眼科2016-01-01/2019-01-01以眼内异物并行25G微创玻璃体切除手术治疗的患者105例105眼,对患者眼内异物的临床特征、PPV的疗效和最佳矫正视力(BCVA)等情况进行回顾性研究并统计分析术后视力的影响因素。结果:患者105例中以中青年男性居多,多来自于乡镇。异物类型以金属常见,共计62眼(59.0%),主要由Ⅰ区进入眼内(78眼,74.3%)。术中异物取出率100%。术前BCVA≥0.1的患者17眼,BCVA<0.1者88眼;术后BCVA≥0.1患者43眼,BCVA<0.1患者62眼,术后BCVA较术前BCVA有提高(P<0.05)。经多因素Logistic回归分析,术前较差的BCVA、视网膜脱离和眼内炎是术后视力较差的独立危险因素。结论:25G微创玻璃体切除手术可以改善大多数眼内异物患者视力。术前较差的BCVA、合并视网膜脱离和眼内炎是术后视力较差的重要危险因素。     

儿童球内异物延迟取出的临床特征及手术术式选择的分析

目的探讨导致儿童球内异物延迟取出的致伤原因及异物特点,并分析其临床特征及手术术式的选择。 方法收集2002年1月至2018年12月首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院北京同仁眼科中心因球内异物伤住院的91例(91只眼)儿童眼外伤的病例资料,并进行回顾分析。其中,男性81例(81只眼),女性10例(10只眼),年龄1~14岁,平均年龄(10.7±2.7)岁。根据致伤原因、异物性质、异物滞留位置、异物最长径、异物伤后并发症及异物延迟取出的手术方式进行分组。使用均数±标准差( ±s)描述年龄的分布情况;采用频数和百分比描述不同分组的病例数量和分布情况。使用卡方检验分析爆炸伤与非爆炸伤导致眼内炎发生率的差异。 结果儿童球内异物伤首位致伤原因为爆炸伤,共55例(55只眼),占60.4%;异物滞留位置中有74例(74只眼)异物滞留于玻璃体腔,占81.3%;异物性质中土质异物所占比例最大,共29例(29只眼),占31.9%;44例(44只眼)为多个异物,占48.4%;异物最长径≥10 mm的巨大异物共12例(12只眼),占13.2%。在伤后并发症中,视网膜裂孔者65例(65只眼),占71.4%,居首位;其次为外伤性白内障者61例(61只眼),占67.0%;再次为视网膜脱离者47例(47只眼,占51.6%)、增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变者27例(27只眼,占29.7%)及眼内炎者22例(22只眼,占24.2%)。异物延迟取出的手术术式选择中有83例(83只眼)行玻璃体切割术,占91.2%。其中,20例(20只眼)使用眼内窥镜辅助手术,占24.1%;63例(63只眼)使用联合晶状体摘除术,占69.2%。 结论儿童球内异物患者以学龄男童高发,爆炸伤为致伤首要原因,泥沙、石块及烟花爆竹等土质异物占比最大。异物滞留于眼后段是异物延迟取出的主要原因。伤后可伴发外伤性白内障、视网膜裂孔、视网膜脱离、增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变及眼内炎等多种并发症。玻璃体切割联合晶状体摘除术是主要的手术方式。儿童球内异物伤并发症多,治疗棘手,故应积极预防儿童眼外伤的发生。     

早产儿、低出生体重儿喂养方式与体重增长关系的探讨

目的探讨早产儿、低出生体重儿喂养方式与体重增长关系。方法选择 98例早产儿 ,分成三组 ,一组采用静脉内营养 ,其余两组在消化道喂养同等条件下 ,对其中一组采取头高脚低 (成 2 0°角 )斜坡位。结果观察组与对照组比较体重增长有明显差异 (P <0 .0 5) ;消化道喂养组与静脉内营养组比较体重增长无明显差异 (P >0 .0 5)。结论通过对早产儿及低出生体重儿喂养方式的改进 ,配合全面的综合护理 ,可防止生理性体重下降和维持正常体重的增长。     

Characterization of macrophage polarizing cytokines in the aseptic loosening of total hip replacements

Aseptic loosening of hip replacements is driven by the macrophage reaction to wear particles. The extent of particle‐induced macrophage activation is dependent on the state of macrophage polarization, which is dictated by the local cytokine microenvironment. The aim of the study was to characterize cytokine microenvironment surrounding failed, loose hip replacements with an emphasis on identification of cytokines that regulate macrophage polarization. Using qRT‐PCR, the expression of interferon gamma (IFN‐γ), interleukin‐4 (IL‐4), granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF), IL‐13, and IL‐17A was low and similar to the expression in control synovial tissues of patients undergoing primary hip replacement. Using immunostaining, no definite source of IFN‐γ or IL‐4 could be identified. IL‐17A positive cells, identified as mast cells by double staining, were detected but their number was significantly reduced in interface tissues compared to the controls. Significant up‐regulation of IL‐10, M‐CSF, IL‐8, CCL2‐4, CXCL9‐10, CCL22, TRAP, cathepsin K, and down regulation of OPG was seen in the interface tissues, while expression of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and CD206 were similar between the conditions. It is concluded that at the time of the revision surgery the peri‐implant macrophage phenotype has both M1 and M2 characteristics and that the phenotype is regulated by other local and systemic factors than traditional macrophage polarizing cytokines. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:1241–1246, 2014.     

The Impact of Body Mass Index on Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) and Complications Following Primary Hip Arthroplasty

Influence of BMI upon patient outcomes and complications following THA was examined across a national cohort of patients. Outcomes were compared by BMI groups (19.0–29.9 kg/m² [reference], 30.0–34.9 kg/m² [obese class I], 35.0 kg/m²+ [obese class II/III]), adjusted for case-mix differences. Obese class I patients had a significantly smaller improvement in OHS (18.9 versus 20.5, P < 0.001) and a greater risk of wound complications (odds ratio [OR] = 1.57, P = 0.006). For obese class II/III patients, there were significantly smaller improvements in OHS and EQ-5D index (P < 0.001), and greater risk of wound complications (P = 0.006), readmission (P = 0.001) and reoperation (P = 0.003). Large improvements in patient outcomes were seen irrespective of BMI, although improvements were marginally smaller and complication rates higher in obese patients.     

Predictors of Early Complications of Total Shoulder Arthroplasty

The authors hypothesized that age, body mass index (BMI), and medical comorbidities (graded with the Charleson Comorbidiy index [CCI]) could be used to predict early complications after TSA. The authors performed a retrospective review of primary TSAs with a minimum of 90-day follow-up. One hundred twenty-seven patients met the inclusion criteria. Complications occurred in 12 (9.4%) of patients. Major complications occurred in 1 patient (0.8%), medical in 8 (6.3%), and surgical in 4 (3.1%). CCI significantly correlated with complication rates and multivariate regression analysis demonstrated CCI to be the only significant determinant of overall complication rates (P = 0.005) and medical complication rates (P = 0.015). While BMI subgroup did not affect complication rates, transfusion rates, intra-operative blood loss, or operative time, our study may have been underpowered for this variable.