Body fat in identical twins reared apart: Roles for genes and environment

We report analyses of data on body fat from a cohort of 34 separated monozygotic twin pairs (MZA) and a matched sample of 38 pairs of monozygotic twins reared together (MZT) originally studied by James Shields. The correlation for MZA pairs was. 61 and the correlation for MZT pairs was. 75. These correlations did not differ significantly, nor did correlations differ between MZA pairs subclassified as having been raised in relatively more or less similar environments. Our results suggest important roles for both genes and environment in the accumulation of body fat and support other adoption studies in suggesting that adult environments rather than rearing environments are the most important nongenetic determinants of levels of body fat in adults.Supported by National Institute of Mental Health Grant MH43409 to R.A.P. and a Grant in Aid from the Dight Institute of Human Genetics to I.I.G.     

头低位限制活动对家兔主要脏器微血管壁通透性的影响

本文报导了用40只白色短毛家兔所做的动物模拟失重实验,得出各脏器微血管通透性的动态反应曲线。并用微循环研究方法,分析了模拟失重时各脏器微血管功能状态与微血管通透性之间的关系;阐述了各脏器微循环功能变化特点;并对变化机理作了初步探讨。     

Body composition in the elderly: Total body water and anthropometry

Body composition measured with isotopic dilution was compared with anthropometric measurements. The study was carried out in 47 subjects from both sexes, 65 to 92 years old. Total body water (TBW), anthropometric measurements, and dynamometry were assessed. TBW was significatively higher in men than women and decreased with age. Dynamometry and fatfree mass were well correlated (r=0.73 in males and r=0.58 in females) and significantly different between sexes. A negative correlation was found for dynamometry with age, being significant for women. Linear regression equations to predict TBW from anthropometric measurements in males and females were obtained: Males: TBW(I)=19.349+0.617 weight(kg) — 0.931 mid-arm circumference(cm)+0.122 dynamometry (kg) Females: TBW(l)=−5.531+0.343 weight(kg)-0.213 triceps skinfold (mm)+ 0.148 dynamometry(kg) + 3.424 wrist diameter (cm). This simple model is proposed for use in epidemiological and field studies where other more sophisticated methods can not be applied.     

周边视网膜冷凝联合睫状体冷凝治疗新生血管性青光眼

目的评价周边视网膜冷凝联合睫状体冷凝治疗新生血管性青光眼的效果。方法总结68例(72眼)的临床资料，对术后效果进行分析、评价。结果68例(72眼)患者术后1周～1年平均眼压19．83mmHg(2．65kPa)，术后1月大部分新生血管萎缩退化。结论周边视网膜冷凝联合睫状体冷凝治新生血管性青光眼是一种比较有效的方法。     

老年2型糖尿病患者胰岛素抵抗相关指标的检测和意义

目的:探讨老年2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗(IR)及其相关性,为老年2型糖尿病的合理防治提供临床依据。方法:选择120例老年2型糖尿病患者,按胰岛素敏感指数(HOMA)胰岛素抵抗(HOMA-IR)50百分位点将患者分为两组:胰岛素相对敏感组(HOMA-IR<3.56)和胰岛素相对抵抗组(HOMA-IR≥3.56),比较体重指数(BMI)、腰/臀比(WHR)、血压、血生化学检查等指标。用年龄>40岁,<60岁的2型糖尿病患者做对照组。结果:两组老年患者在年龄、性别、舒张压、空腹血糖、胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白、糖化血红蛋白、HOMA胰岛β细胞功能方面无差异;但BMI、WHR、收缩压、甘油三脂、空腹胰岛素、HOMA-IR差异具有显著性。多线性回归分析后,只有腰/臀比、收缩压、甘油三脂、HOMA-IR存在统计学差异。老年患者与对照组相比,IR发生率明显增加,且两者腰/臀比、收缩压、甘油三脂方面也差异显著。结论:IR与老年2型糖尿病密切相关,是临床防治糖尿病的重要靶点。     

耒阳市1093例不同年龄人群缺锌状况的调查分析

[目的]探讨人体内锌缺乏与年龄是否相关。[方法]采集头发用强酸消化后，利用北京振教科贸有限公司产WL-3微量元素分析仪进行检测。[结果]我们发现儿童的缺锌率高于青少年和成人人群，具有显著的统计学意义（P〈0．05），其中3～5岁时的儿童的缺锌率达到了79．1％。而青少年与成人之间的缺锌率并无差异（P〉0．05），分别为20．5％和18．4％。[结论]因膳食结构不当引起锌缺乏在儿童中常见，由此我们应当根据不同年龄阶段特点进行不同的补锌措施。     

α<Subscript>2β</Subscript> adrenoreceptor 301–303 deletion polymorphism in polycystic ovary syndrome

α_2β adrenoreceptor 301–303 deletion polymorphism does not influence basal metabolic rate, insulin resistance or weight gain in Greek women with polycystic ovary syndrome.     

全身热疗法治疗晚期肝脏恶性肿瘤39例报告

目的 探讨全身热疗法（whole body hyperthermia，WBH）治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤的疗效及其对肝功能的影响。方法 采用WBH治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤患者39例，并对治疗前、后患者肝功能指标进行动态观察，分析该疗法对肝脏功能的影响，并通过分析治疗效果，初步评估该疗法的疗效。结果 ①WBH治疗不能手术切除的晚期肝脏恶性肿瘤患者的有效率为61．5％（24／39），60．0％（9／15）的患者AFP有不同程度下降，肿瘤疼痛缓解率达100％；存活期〉2年者占12．8％（5／39），〉1年者占59．0％（23／39），〉6个月者占76．9％（30／39）。②谷丙转氨酶于治疗后1～3d出现明显升高（P〈0．05），7d后下降并接近治疗前水平；谷草转氨酶于治疗后1d明显升高（P〈0．05），3～7d则下降并接近治疗前水平；白蛋白于治疗后1d出现下降（P〈0．05），但3d即已恢复；肝功能正常组总胆红素于治疗后第1～3d出现升高（P〈0．05），而肝功能异常组未观察到同样变化；转肽酶则无明显变化。结论 WBH能改善晚期肝脏恶性肿瘤患者的预后，提高生存质量，延长生存时间，但同时可造成患者肝功能一定程度的可逆性损害。