低剂量γ射线全身照射对猴免疫功能的影响

目的　探索大动物低剂量全身照射的适宜剂量 ,以便评价低剂量全身照射应用于临床的可能性。方法　食蟹猴 32只随机分为 4组 ,用γ射线 (吸收剂量率为 0 175mGy min)分别照射0、30、5 0和 75mGy。分别在环磷酰胺处理前、后 ,亦即照射前和照射后 1、2、8、33和 5 0周检测淋巴细胞亚群、免疫球蛋白及自然肿瘤红细胞花环试验 (NTERT)。结果　结果显示白细胞释放细胞因子尤其是CD1 6 参与免疫调控 ,出现时间 剂量的反应 ;体液免疫中以IgA升高为特征 ,照射后第 8周 5 0和75mGy 2个剂量组与对照组相比差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ;NTERT结果显示 ,在照射后第 2周 ,第 1、2、3组分别与第 4组相比差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ,但第 1组分别与第 2、3组相比差异无显著性。结论　γ射线单次低剂量全身照射对免疫功能低下模型的食蟹猴红、白细胞免疫功能有增强其免疫功能的作用。     

中央沟上段及其邻近沟回的体表定位及其临床意义

目的：探讨在MRI和CT图像上观测中央沟上段及其邻近沟回的特征，进行精确体表定位。方法：30例成人头颅和扫描无颅恼器质性病变10份CT，100份MRI片，在头颅正中欠状面上观测头颅外形和平行于耳眦线平而以上100mm内的前后正巾线的中点及中垂线。在横位图像上观测中央沟上段及其邻近沟回的特征和二维坐标参数。结果：成人头颅近似标准球形。住82％头颅卜平行耳眦线平面的正中点的的投影在垂直耳眦线过外耳道的直线卜，另外18％偏离基线面中垂线小于7mm。上段中央沟在耳眦线平面上70～95mm。84％额上沟与中央前沟相交呈倒T字征，交点住前后中线旁24～27mm，耳眦线平面的中垂线前2～6mm。中央沟上段起点前后中线旁1～15mm，耳眦线平而的中垂线后12～28mm，手结征98％。中央后沟在中央沟之后8～13mm与其平行。结论：每人上段中央沟及其邻近沟回的特征能被MRI精确体表定位。     

中药结合心理干预治疗不安障碍40例

[目的]探索不安障碍治疗的有效途径。[方法]采用中药结合心理干预治疗不安障碍患者40例。[结果]显效31例(77·5%)、有效7例(17·5%)无效2例(5·0%)。SDS、CMI有显著性差异。[结论]中药结合心理干预治疗不安障碍疗效显著。     

Assessment of body composition in the prader-willi syndrome using bioelectrical impedance

The accurate assessment of body composition is of importance in the Prader-Willi syndrome. Many techniques are not applicable due to ethical or practical reasons. However, the bioelectrical impedance technique is a rapid, painless, noninvasive method of estimating total body water and hence, fat-free mass in obese children and adolescents. We have compared estimates of total body water derived from bioelectrical impedance with actual measurements taken, using H₂¹⁸O dilution, in 14 children with Prader-Willi syndrome. Existing equations for predicting total body water from impedance showed a bias to underestimate actual measures of body water. There were positive correlations between the degree of underestimation with age and body fatness. It is possible that changes in body shapes influence bioelectrical impedance measurements in obese individuals, and that a prediction equation based upon a normal population will not be applicable to obese individuals. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Patients seeking symmetrical recontouring for “Perceived” deformities in the width of the face and skull

This article describes plastic surgery patients who sought symmetrical recontouring of the width of the face and skull. The basic demographic and personality characteristics of these facial width deformity (FWD) patients and the surgical procedures performed on them are discussed. Details of the surgical and psychological management of three representative cases are given. Speculative conclusions regarding the general characteristics of the FWD population are offered. Suggestions are proposed for a combined surgical-medical psychotherapeutic collaboration in managing these patients.     

Osteoporosis and Back Pain among the Elderly

Questionnaire responses from 120 men and 337 women over the age of 50 years were studied to determine the prevalence of back pain among the elderly. In order to gain a rough indication of the back pain among elderly women which might be due to osteoporosis, the prevalence was compared in the two sexes. The prevalence of back pain without radiation to the legs and concomitant morbidity was found to be similar among men and women up to the 70–79-year age-group. After this age the prevalence was higher in women. Those with exceptional loss of body height or kyphosis had a high prevalence of back pain, while those who had sustained previous hip or radius fractures did not. There was increasing prevalence of back pain among women with increasing number of previous fractures. The study gives little indication of serious morbidity of osteoporosis in the form of back pain before very old age.     

Perinatal lung development following maternal exposure to methylmercuric chloride

Mercury ingested from dietary sources has potent neurotoxic and teratogenic effects. Initial studies have shown that mercury may also affect fetal lung development. Since these pulmonary effects may play a role in subsequent neonatal morbidity and mortality due to compromising of the development of the lung, mercury effects in fetal and neonatal lung were investigated. Methylmercuric chloride (MMC), 1,000 ppm (15 mg/kg of body weight), was administered via an intragastric tube to timed-pregnant Swiss/Webster mice on day 9 of gestation. Lungs from fetuses on gestational day 18 and from neonates on days 1, 5, or 10 after birth were studied. Significant changes in MMC-exposed lungs compared to controls occurred at postnatal day 1. At this time, lung weight per gram body weight increased, phospholipid content per gram of lung or per microgram of DNA decreased, while DNA per gram of lung increased. Methylmercury appears to have delayed lung maturation. Cuboidal epithelial cells in alveolar tubules contained conspicuous glycogen deposits, and differentiation of alveolar type II cells was adversely affected. These results suggest that prenatal exposure to methylmercury may be detrimental to lung development, specifically to the initiation of surfactant synthesis, by delaying the normal pattern of maturation of the alveolar type II cells within the lungs. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1994; 17:11–21 . © 1994 Wiley-Liss. Inc.     

Inadvertent removal of foreign body via a flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope in a 4-year-old boy

We report the case of a 4-year-old child with an atypical presentation of an aspirated unwitnessed foreign body in the airway. During an attempt to obtain a biopsy of what appeared to be a mucosal growth, the foreign body was removed. This may be the first report of foreign body removal in a child this young, using a flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1994; 18:51–52. © 1994 Wiley-Liss. Inc.     

In vivo receptor binding,neurochemical and functional studies with the dopamine D-1 receptor antagonist SCH 23390

Summary A series of in vivo experiments were undertaken, relating functional (motor activity, body temperature), dopamine (DA) receptor binding and neurochemical (catecholamine synthesis and utilization, DA release) aspects of the pharmacology of SCH 23390 in the rat.The compound inhibited the locomotor hyperactivity, but not the hypothermia, induced by the potent DA stimulant DP-5,6-ADTN. Interstingly, SCH 23390 simultaneously failed to displace DP-5,6-ADTN from its binding sites in the rat striatum—used as a direct in vivo biochemical index of DA (D-2) receptor interaction. The spontaneous locomotion in non-pretreated rats was likewise inhibited by SCH 23390. The locomotor-suppressive action, but not the DP-5,6-ADTN-displacing capcity of the D-2 blocker haloperidol was significantly enhanced by SCH 23390, suggesting that motility can be suppressed by either enhanced D-1 or D-2 (postsynaptic) receptor blockade, but also that the D-1 and D-2 sites involved may be physically distinct.SCH 23390 only slightly altered in vivo neurochemical of DA synthesis, release and nerve-impulse flow, indicating that, while similar in suppressing dopaminergic behaviour, the D-1 antagonist is less effective than traditional neuroleptics as an activator of DA neuronal feedback mechanisms. The weak increases of DA synthesis and release nonetheless obtained were equal in magnitude (30–40%) in the limbic vs. striatal brain areas; also in this respect, SCH 23390 thus differs from classical neuroleptics, which generally display more marked effects in the striatum than in limbic tissue.No major changes in the in vivo indices of NA synthesis and utilization (or in 5-HT synthesis) were found after SCH 23390 administration, by and large supporting the DA receptor specificity of the compound.In summary, the studies demonstrated that SCH 23390 can offset and accentuate, respectively, behavioural consequences of D-2 receptor stimulation and blockade. Importantly, at the same time no direct interaction at the level of D-2 DA receptor sites in the striatum was detected. Only slight, D-2 antagonist-like, changes in neurochemical indices of dopaminergic activity were observed after D-1 receptor blockade by means of SCH 23390. With regard to DA agonist hypothermia, SCH 23390 was without effect per se, but (at a high dose) attenuated the action of the D-2 antagonist haloperidol. The observations may indicate that the complex interactions between central D-1 and D-2 receptor-controlled mechanisms that influence behaviour, neurochemistry, and possibly autonomic nervous expression, are not identical.     

自行下体负压训练器的研制

目的 研制一种自行下体负压训练器。方法 自行下体负压训练器由若干环形钢圈及涂胶布材料构成的密闭完整的空腔壳体，可上下随意伸缩。上表面安装有单向排气阀门、可调进气阀门、把手及肩带。沿筒体纵轴进行屈／伸膝关节运动，使之被动扩张产生负压。结果 进气阀门完全关闭、打开1／4、1／2至完全打开时，训练器负压峰值逐渐降低，分别为-58、-46、-38和-26mmHg。结论 自行下体负压训练器集体育锻炼和下体负压于一体，安全可靠，使用方便，可望应用于对抗失重生理影响和飞行员抗荷生理训练。