经左室流出道消融治疗疑似右室流出道起源室性早搏1例并文献复习

心室流出道(ventricular outflow tract,VOT)起源室性早搏(premature ventricular contraction,PVC)因临床常见,具有典型的心电图(ECG)特征,诊断并不困难,射频消融术是该病非药物治疗的主要手段。文中报道1例初步诊断右心室流出道起源(RVOT)的PVC的患者,于左心室流出道(LVOT)获得成功消融的诊治经过。文献复习了PVC定位的方法、VOT局部独特的解剖特点对定位的影响,以及三维标测新技术对PVC消融手术的帮助。     

体位和插入留置导尿管的深度对并发症的影响

目的 探讨体位和插导尿管的深度对一次过置管的影响.方法 将2010年8月至2011年8月在神经内科和肾内科住院的132例需要留置尿管的男性老年患者分为对照组(68例)和实验组(64例).对照组按常规导尿法导尿,并留置导尿管.实验组在对照组的基础上注重体位姿势:协助患者取平仰卧位,臀高(10 ～ 20 cm)屈膝,可在其臀部垫一软枕,双下肢保持弯屈曲呈钝角微向外展位,以患者舒适为宜.和改变插尿管深度:直插导尿管20～22cm,见尿液流出,再继续插至尿管三叉分头处才注水入囊,再将尿管往外拉至不动为止.观察两组一次过管率.结果 观察组插入导尿一次置管率为98.4％,对照组为92.6％,经Wilcoxon 秩和检验,z=-2.489.结论 男性老年患者在插导尿管时稍注意体位姿势和将插尿管至三叉分头处才注水入囊,可以提高一次过置管率.     

射频导管消融术对凝血激活程度的影响

目的观察射频导管消融术（RFCA）对患者血中凝血激活程度的影响,以及术后恢复时间。方法对56例接受RFCA术的患者,在RFCA术前,心内电生理检查后,成功消融后即刻、术后第2天和第7天,抽取静脉血,测定D-二聚体（D-Dimer）、血管内血友病因子（Vonwillebrandfactor,vWF）,血浆组织纤溶酶原（Tissue Plasminogen Activator,t-pa）和组织纤溶酶原抑制剂（Plas-minogen Activator Inhibitor,PAI-1）含量。结果与术前比较,血清D-二聚体、vWF浓度以及血浆PAI-1含量在心内电生理检查后、消融成功后即刻和术后第2天均显著上升（P〈0.01）,并于第7天降至术前水平,而t-PA含量在心内电生理检查后,消融成功后即刻和术后第2天显著下降（P〈0.01）,并于第7天降至术前水平。结论 RFCA术可引起血中凝血物质水平的显著增加。术后、术后对其监测有利于指导抗凝药物应用和预防血栓栓塞的发生。     

超声引导下经皮穿刺引流治疗胰腺假性囊肿效果分析

目的探讨超声引导下经皮穿刺置管引流(PCD)治疗胰腺假性囊肿(PPC)的临床效果及应用价值。方法回顾性分析2002年1月至2009年12月,53例PPC(急性PPC 37例,慢性PPC 16例)行超声引导下PCD治疗的病例资料。所有PPC均先在超声引导下行PCD术,对引流液持续增多,囊肿无明显缩小者联合内镜、腹腔镜或开腹内引流术。结果 PCD穿刺成功率为100%,PPC单纯行PCD的总体治愈率为66%(35/53),其中急性PPC单纯行PCD的治愈率为89.2%(33/37);慢性PPC单纯行PCD的治愈率为12.5%(2/16)。对先行PCD失败者行囊肿和胰管造影检查示二者持续相通,联合内镜、腹腔镜或开腹内引流术,PPC均可完全治愈。结论 PCD治疗急性PPC效果满意,对慢性PPC成功率低,往往需联合其他微创引流技术。     

EnSite指引下心房纤颤消融治疗的临床应用

目的：评价EnSite三维立体电标测系统对心房纤颤（AF）消融的临床效果。方法：阵发性或持续性AF患者8例,男5例,女3例,年龄55～72岁。所有患者连接EnSite三维立体电标测系统,在X线和EnSite指引下构建左心房立体电标测结构图。在EnSite Navix指引下,行右肺上、下静脉和（或）左肺上、下静脉的环形隔离后,进行前庭部线性隔离。结果：所有患者均获得成功,平均随访时间为（203.29±86.52）d,无AF发作。无任何临床并发症。结论：EnSite三维立体电标测指导下的肺静脉口外环形消融是安全有效的非药物治疗AF的手段。     

预防PICC术后深静脉血栓形成的最佳握拳运动

目的 探讨不同握拳频次对经外周静脉置人中心静脉导管(PICC)术后上肢深静脉血栓形成(UEDVT)的预防效果.方法 将120例PICC患者随机均分为实验1组(A1组,每天3组握拳运动)、实验2组(A2组,每天6组握拳运动)和对照组(C组).置管后第1、2、3、21天,用彩色多普勒超声检测腋静脉最大血液流速(Vmax)、单位时间平均血液流速(TMFV)以及血栓形成情况.结果 与C组相比,A1、A2组置管21 d后的Vmax、TMFV增加,血栓发生率降低(P＜0.05).A1组和A2组血液流速及血栓发生率均无统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论 PICC患者置管后应尽早做握拳运动,每天至少3组握拳,从而减少血液瘀滞,预防UEDVT的发生.     

中心静脉置管患者行血液净化治疗时的安全隐患与对策

中心静脉置管（包括中心静脉临时导管置管和中心静脉长期导管置管）是各种血液净化疗法中比较常用的的血管通路之一。《血液净化标准操作规程》上在使用这类血管通路行血液净化时,一般是用5ml的注射器回抽导管内的封管肝素,推注在纱方上检查是否有凝血块,动、静脉管各2ml左右,检查是否回血通畅。由于中心静脉导管的动、     

Appropriate posture of cancer patients treated with PICC to prevent internal jugular vein ectopic

We aimed to study the appropriate posture of peripherally inserted central catheter （PICC） patients, to reduce the incidence of internal jugular vein heterotopia. Methods： From 2009 to 2013, a total of 290 cases with PICC were enrolled in our study. They were divided into two groups. The patients in control group took regular position, which mean pros- tration, upper limb of tube side was abduction 90°, head moved to puncture side in order to block the internal jugular vein. On the basis of conventional body position putting, posture of patients in observation group was improved, the head remain neutral, and had 180° angle with trunk longitudinal axis, not favor any side. After ensuring the upper limb abduction, had 90° angle with the trunk, then catheter was inserted slowly. The jugular venous catheter heterotopia rate was judged by X.ray results. Results： The jugular venous catheter heterotopia rate of control group and observation was 12.8% and 0.68%, respectively. The difference between two groups was statistically significant （P 〈 0.01）. Conclusion： The body posture improvement can prevent discomfort of patients and reduce the jugular venous catheter heterotopia rate of PICC.     

Ureteral catheter placement for prevention of ureteral injury during laparoscopic hysterectomy

AIM: Ureteral injury is among the most devastating complications of gynecologic surgery. Estimated incidence of ureteral injury during laparoscopic hysterectomy is 2.6-35 times (0.2-6.0%) that in abdominal hysterectomy. We investigated preoperative ureteral catheter (UC) placement as a way to prevent ureteral injury in laparoscopic hysterectomy. METHODS: Clinical records of 94 women who underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy between February 2006 and January 2007 in Yazaki Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan, were reviewed retrospectively. Thirty-four patients between February and June 2006 underwent the surgery without ureteral catheterization and 60 patients between July 2006 and January 2007 underwent surgery with ureteral catheterization. Clinical outcomes were statistically compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The average time required for catheter insertion was 9.35 min. The ureter in which the catheter was placed was visualized clearly. In one patient, whose left ureter was deviated by a massive myoma, catheter insertion was not possible. No complications arose from catheter placement except for minor complaints including low back pain, urinary discomfort, and transient hematuria. While one injury occurred in a patient without ureteral catheterization (1/34), no ureteral injury occurred in any patient with ureteral catheterization (0/60). Operative time, total blood loss, and hospital stay were not significantly different between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: UC placement is simple, helping to prevent ureteral injury during laparoscopic hysterectomy and enhancing safety of this procedure.     

急性STEMI应用ThrombusterⅡ抽吸导管联合冠状动脉内注射替罗非班的疗效观察

目的 观察对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）患者行直接经皮冠状动脉介入（PCI）手术中应用血栓抽吸导管联合冠状动脉内注射替罗非班的疗效.方法 选择因STEMI行直接PCI并于术中应用Thrombuster Ⅱ血栓抽吸导管联合冠状动脉内推注替罗非班的患者65例作为治疗组,以基础临床资料和冠状动脉影像特征相似并单纯行直接PCI的60例患者作为对照组,观察临床疗效.结果 治疗组在TIMI 3级血流、校正TIMI帧数、术后2 h ST段回落程度、酶峰值和峰值时间以及梗死相关血管（IRA）无复流发生率均优于对照组（P＜0.05或 0.01）.治疗组术后3个月左心室射血分数（LVEF）、左心室舒张末径（LVEDd）、左心室收缩末径（LVESd）及主要不良心血管事件（MACE,包括死亡、再梗死、再次靶血管重建）的发生率少于对照组（P＜0.05）,而术后1周时两组差异无统计学意义（P ＞0.05）.结论 STEMI患者行直接PCI过程中应用血栓抽吸导管联合冠状动脉内推注替罗非班可减少无复流的发生,改善心肌再灌注水平及左心室功能.