Infantile hypopituitarism: etiological variability evidenced by MRI

In this study, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed to document potentially present morphostructural abnormalities of the hypothalamopituitary region in seven infants (age 0–21 months) who presented very early in life with clinical and biochemical evidence of hypopituitarism. Four infants had associated congenital cerebro-facial malformations.The following anatomical abnormalities were identified in variable combinations: ectopic neurohypophysis absence of the pituitary stalk, extreme elongation of the pituitary stalk, aplasia of the anterior pituitary lobe and no identification of the hypothalamopituitary complex.MRI proved to be very sensitive in the identification of structural malformations of the hypothalamopituitary region in infants with or without cerebro-facial malformations. AllhwuLll the magnetic resonance image does not appear to be a good predictor of endocrine dysfunction, it provides us more insight into the precise aetiology of this disorder and may be therefore of diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic importance.     

2型糖尿病患者胆结石发生的高危因素分析

目的：探讨2型糖尿病患者胆结石与高胰岛素、脂代谢紊乱的关系。方法：采用病例对照研究的方法，观察50例伴胆结石与60例不伴胆结石的2型糖尿病患者血清胰岛素、胰岛素敏感指数、C肽、血脂的变化。结果：发现伴胆结石患者的血清胰岛素、C肽、甘油三酯、胆固醇显著高于不伴胆结石组（P＜0．05），高密度脂蛋白、胰岛素敏感指数显著低于不伴胆结石组（P＜0．05），载脂蛋白－A1明显降低（P＜0．01），而两组低密度脂蛋白、脂蛋白－a、载脂蛋白－B1无差异。结论：高胰岛素血症、脂代谢异常可能中老年2型糖尿病患者胆结石 形成的高危因素。     

Aldose reductase inhibition with imirestat — effects on impulse conduction and insulin-stimulation of Na+/K+-adenosine triphosphatase activity in sciatic nerves of streptozotocin-diabetic rats

Summary This study describes reduced motor nerve conduction velocity and increased resistance to hypoxia-induced conduction failure in sciatic nerves of rats after four weeks of streptozotocin-induced diabetes (both effects were significant at p <0.05). These changes occurred in the absence of any deficit in the steady-state ouabain-sensitive adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity of sciatic nerve endoneurial homogenates. The addition of 10 nmol/l insulin to endoneurial homogenates from control animals resulted in a 34% increase in ouabain-sensitive ATPase activity and a 19% reduction in ouabain-insensitive ATPase activity (both p <0.01). This stimulation of ouabain-sensitive ATPase activity by insulin did not occur in homogenates from diabetic rats. Treating diabetic rats daily with the aldose reductase inhibitor, imirestat (1 mg/kg) improved nerve conduction velocity (p <0.05) but was without effect upon the resistance to hypoxic conduction blockade or the deficit in insulin-stimulated oubain-sensitive ATPase activity. These data suggest that in streptozotocin-diabetic rats the functional disorders of reduced motor nerve conduction velocity and increased resistance to hypoxic conduction blockade do not share a common aetiology and that impaired nerve conduction is not related to reduced maximal potential oubain-sensitive ATPase activity.     

2型糖尿病患者外周血白细胞iNOSmRNA表达的变化及意义

目的研究2型糖尿病DM患者外周血白细胞中iNOSmRNA表达的变化及其与糖尿病肾病DN发生、发展的关系。方法101例2型DM患者,根据尿微量白蛋白排泄率和血肌酐水平分为单纯DM组和不同的DN组,用原位杂交法检测外周血白细胞iNOSmRNA表达的阳性细胞的百分率,并与21例健康体检者进行比较。结果早期DN组白细胞iNOSmRNA表达的百分率明显高于对照组、DM组及晚期DN组(P<0.001)。结论外周血白细胞iNOSmRNA表达的变化参与了DN的发生、发展。     

Effect of Bendazac Lysine on lens and retina in diabetics

The possible beneficial effects on the lens and retina which Bendazac Lysine may have in the treatment of adult diabetic patients were investigated. Twenty patients, ranging in age from 54.80 ± 5.86 years old, were studied. The average duration of the diabetes was 11.32 ± 4.10 years. Thirteen patients had background retinopathy. The metabolic controls carried out during the study were satisfactory (HbA1<11%). Bendazac Lysine (500 mg three times a day) was administered for 6 months. Blood-retinal barrier permeability (VPR and VPRt) and lens transmittance (t) were evaluated prior to and 6 months after treatment by fluorophotometry. No statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-treatment values of the retina permeability were observed, however, there was a statistically significant improvement (p<0.05) (initial value: t= 0.813 ± 0.040 and final value: t=0.823 ± 0.037) in the lens transmittance. The authors conclude that Bendazac Lysine has a beneficial effect on the lens in the diabetic adult although no improvement in the permeability of the blood-retinal barrier has been observed.     

糖尿病雄性大鼠性腺5α-还原酶Ⅱ型活性变化

目的 :探讨大鼠青春期和成年期糖尿病时性腺 5α 还原酶Ⅱ型的活性变化。　方法 :取 4 0d和 90d龄雄性Wistar大鼠各 30只 ,分别分为对照组 (C)、糖尿病组 (D)和胰岛素治疗糖尿病组 (ID)。采用薄层层析法测定各组附睾头、附睾尾、前列腺和睾丸组织内 5α 还原酶 Ⅱ型的活性。　结果 :①青春期大鼠性腺的各部位内 ,5α 还原酶 Ⅱ 型的活性D组均明显低于C组 (P <0 .0 1) ,而ID组明显高于D组 (P <0 .0 1) ;②成年期大鼠性腺的各部位内 ,5α 还原酶 Ⅱ型的活性在C、D和ID组各组间差异无显著性 (P均 >0 .0 5 )。　结论 :青春期大鼠性腺内 5α 还原酶 Ⅱ型的活性更易受代谢环境、激素水平及局部特异性因素的影响 ,而成年期大鼠性腺内 5α 还原酶Ⅱ 型的活性相对稳定     

外科围手术期糖尿病的治疗

目的:探讨外科手术病人伴发糖尿病的治疗及围手术期处理。方法:对1998年至2000年收治的125例外科手术伴发糖尿病病例进行回顾总结。结果:93例给予补液、降糖等处理无1例死亡。其他32例未进行有效的降糖处理,死亡5例。结论:外科手术病人伴发糖尿病时,围手术期要控制血糖,可以降低手术并发症及死亡率。     

血管紧张素转换酶基因与中国人群冠心病、高血压病及糖尿病的关系

目的：研究血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)基因与中国人群冠心病(CHD)、高血压病(EH)及2型糖尿病(T2DM)的关系。方法：250例呈不同组合的EH、T2DM以及CHD患者及90例正常对照用改良的聚合酶链反应(PCR)方法检测ACE基因型，比较基因型及等位基因频率分布。结果：①无合并CHD的T2DM及EH组ACE基因型及等位基因频率与正常对照无显著差异；②CHD组无论是否合并EH及／或T2DM，Ⅲ基因型及Ⅰ等位基因频率均显著低于正常对照，而DD基因型及D等位基因频率均显著高于正常对照；③T2DM合并CHD组及EH合并CHD组中Ⅱ基因型及Ⅰ等位基因频率均显著低于正常对照，而DD基因型及D等位基因频率均显著高于正常对照。结论：ACE基因多态性与中国人群CHD相关。这种关联亦见于EH或T2DM合并CHD中，但ACE基因仅是CHD发病的遗传学基础，而与是否合并EH及／或T2DM无关。