中性粒细胞的化学发光测定

用化学发光法检测粒细胞吞噬功能具有灵敏、准确、快速等优点。用我校同位素实验室LS3801型液体闪烁分析仪,全部使用国产试剂,建立了分离的中性粒细胞化学发光测定法,并对影响因素作了初步观察和探讨。实验表明,此法既可用于中性粒细胞吞噬杀菌功能机理研究,亦可用于临床监测。对糖尿病人粒细胞功能化学发光测定结果,显示了此法应用的潜力。     

糖尿病大鼠骨折后骨形态发生蛋白-2、胰岛素样生长因子-1的变化

目的 观察糖尿病大鼠骨折后骨形态发生蛋白-2(BMP-2)、胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)的变化,探讨糖尿病对骨折愈合的影响.方法 70只大鼠随机分为对照组和糖尿病组,均造成左侧胫骨骨折.定期摄X线片,取骨痂HE染色,免疫组化检测骨痂BMP-2、IGF-1,ELISA法检测血清BMP-2、IGF-1.结果 2周BMP-2灰度值:实验组为149±8,对照组为107±7(P＜0.01);2周IGF-1灰度值:实验组为137±9,对照组为103±8(P＜0.01).2周血清BMP-2含量:实验组为(3.45±0.12) ng/ml,对照组为(5.60±0.11) ng/ml(P＜0.01);2周IGF-1含量:实验组为(5.89±0.12) ng/ml,对照组为(8.36±0.11) ng/ml(P＜0.01).结论 糖尿病大鼠骨折后血清及骨痂中BMP-2、IGF-1减少是导致糖尿病大鼠骨折愈合差的原因之一;BMP-2与IGF-1可能存在相互作用.     

糖尿病大鼠膀胱逼尿肌超微结构的改变

目的观察糖尿病大鼠逼尿肌细胞超微结构的改变。方法建立非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病(NIDDM)大鼠模型,利用透射电镜观察其逼尿肌细胞内超微结构,应用Imaginetool图像分析软件检测粗面内质网面积和线粒体密度。结果NIDDM组逼尿肌细胞内单位面积平均(115.28μm2)胞质中粗面内质网面积在大鼠被喂养第4、12、24周分别为(4.376±2.321)μm2、(4.794±2.323)μm2、(5.377±2.318)μm2,较对照组的(0.462±0.316)μm2、(0.468±0.314)μm2、(0.476±0.319)μm2明显扩大(p<0.05),线粒体相对密度分别为(0.996±0.063)、(1.019±0.062)、(1.027±0.064),较对照组的(0.827±0.055)、(0.828±0.056)、(0.830±0.058)明显下降(p<0.05)。结论非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病逼尿肌细胞内质网扩张,提示其合成蛋白质功能增强,可能与糖尿病的逼尿肌收缩亢进、不稳定膀胱的情况有关;而线粒体水肿明显,密度下降,提示逼尿肌细胞能量代谢障碍,是引起逼尿肌收缩功能障碍的始动因素。     

Pattern-reversal electroretinograms and visual evoked potentials in branch retinal vein occlusion

We recorded pattern electroretinograms and visual evoked potentials in a group of selected patients with unilateral uncomplicated branch retinal vein occlusion. To document the effects of preexisting risk factors, patients were divided into three groups: diabetes mellitus, hypertension with hyperlipidemia and no systemic disease. The transient and steady-state pattern electroretinogram and visual evoked potential amplitudes were significantly reduced and visual evoked potential peak times were delayed relative to the fellow eyes and agematched normal subjects. There was a second amplitude reduction relative to the other patient groups in both the affected and fellow eyes of the diabetes mellitus group, which was indicative of an additive effect of diabetes mellitus.Abbreviations BRVO branch retinal vein occlusion     

Correlations between nerve function and tissue oxygenation in diabetic patients: further clues to the aetiology of diabetic neuropathy?

Summary Transcutaneous oxygen, laser Doppler flowmetry, peroneal nerve motor conduction velocity and skin temperature were assessed in both legs of 34 diabetic patients, who had a mean age of 41 (range 29–77) years, and diabetes duration of 21 (3–34) years. Transcutaneous oxygen significantly correlated with peroneal nerve motor conduction velocity (r=0.59 p<0.001) and laser Doppler flowmetry (r=0.7 p<0.001). Laser Doppler flowmetry correlated weakly with peroneal motor conduction velocity, (r=0.34 p<0.05). In each patient the leg with the higher transcutaneous oxygen (mean 70.2±9.3 (SD) mmHg) had a significantly higher peroneal motor conduction velocity (45.3±7.1 vs 41.5± 6.3 m/s, p<0.01), than the leg with the lower transcutaneous oxygen (61.0±11.9 mm Hg), though no difference in skin temperature was observed, 31.4±0.4 vs 31.1±0.5°C. We then assessed the potential for reversibility of conduction velocity deficits in ten non-diabetic patients, aged 59 (52–77) years, undergoing unilateral femoro-popliteal bypass, measuring transcutaneous oxygen, peroneal nerve motor conduction velocity and skin temperature pre- and 6 weeks post-surgery. In the control leg (unoperated) there was no significant change in transcutaneous oxygen (63.2±8.8 vs 63.0±4.6 mm Hg), peroneal nerve motor conduction velocity (45.1±7.8 vs 43.4±7.2 m/s) or skin temperature (30.8±1.3 vs 30.2±1.2°C) after surgery (all NS). In the operated leg, transcutaneous oxygen increased from 59.3±10.7 to 70.7±7.2 mm Hg (p<0.01), and peroneal nerve motor conduction velocity from 42.6±6.1 to 46.7±3.2 m/s (p<0.01), but skin temperature was unchanged 30.3±0.4 vs 30.4± 1.3°C (NS). These studies provide further evidence that peripheral nerve function is associated with tissue hypoxia and that improving tissue oxygenation can significantly improve nerve conduction over a short period of time.     

老年糖尿病合并陈旧性心肌梗死患者新近发生冠状动脉事件的相关因素分析

目的 探讨老年糖尿病合并陈旧性心脲梗死(MI)患者新近发生冠状动脉事件的相关因素。方法 按照治疗方法，将346例老年糖尿病合并陈旧性心脲梗死患者分为磺脲类组，胰岛素组，二甲双胍类组，单纯饮食疗法组，分析各组治疗后新近冠状动脉事件的发生率及其影响因素。结果 新近冠状动脉事件的重要独立危险因素为：年龄(增加1岁危险率1．02)、吸烟(危险率1.36)、高血压病(危险率1．05)、LDL增高(危险率1.53)、HDL降低(危险率1.72)、使用磺脲类药物(危险率1．35)。结论 老年糖尿病合并陈旧性MI患者在饮食控制的基础上应选择胰岛素或二甲双胍类药物治疗，严格控制血压，积极降低LDL，提高HDL，避免单纯使用磺脲类药物。     

原发性肝癌合并糖尿病的介入治疗

目的　研究原发性肝癌合并糖尿病的介入治疗方法。方法　临床明确诊断的 3 4例肝癌合并糖尿病患者在介入治疗前后通过口服降糖药或注射胰岛素将血糖、尿糖控制在安全范围内 ,并对隐性感染或感染源进行治疗 ,然后再行肝动脉化疗灌注栓塞术。结果　 3 4例患者介入治疗前血糖均降到 9.0mmol/L以下 ,尿糖控制在 -～ ++,术后均未发生严重并发症 ,仅有 2例出现慢性胆囊炎急性发作 ,经抗炎、利胆治疗后安全出院。结论　肝癌合并糖尿病患者在血糖、尿糖降到一定的范围内 ,消除潜在的感染 ,行肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗是安全可行的     

Sensori-motor Function in Older Persons with Diabetes

Twenty-five persons with diabetes (aged 55–83 years) who were living independently in the community, and 40 age- and sex-matched non-diabetic controls were assessed for tactile sensitivity, vibration sense, proprioception, quadriceps strength and body sway. In both men and women, those with diabetes performed significantly worse in tests of body sway on firm and compliant surfaces compared with the control subjects after controlling for weight and body mass index. The female diabetic subjects also performed significantly worse in tests of peripheral sensation and strength compared with controls. Age-related declines in sensori-motor function were greater in the diabetic group (r = 0.55–0.75) than in the controls (r < 0.44), while within the diabetic group, duration of diabetes and vibration sense were significantly correlated with sway on a compliant (foam rubber) surface with the eyes open (partial r = 0.52, p < 0.01 and r = 0.55, p < 0.01, respectively). The study findings provide evidence that older people with diabetes have problems with stability and related sensori-motor factors which may place them at increased risk of falls.     

Association between chronic hepatitis B virus infection and diabetes among Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders

BACKGROUND: Asians have a higher prevalence of both diabetes (diabetes mellitus) and chronic hepatitis B virus infection compared to Caucasians. The aim of this study was to investigate whether hepatitis B virus infection was associated with diabetes mellitus among Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders. METHODS: We reviewed the electronic medical records of 411 Asian and 424 Pacific Islanders seen at our medical centre over a 5-year period. Diabetes mellitus was defined by the presence of two or more random blood glucose levels > or =200mg/dL, an ICD-9 diagnostic code of diabetes mellitus, or use of medications for diabetes mellitus. Hepatitis B virus infection was defined by a positive HBsAg test. RESULTS: Diabetes mellitus was diagnosed in 223 of the 835 subjects (26.7%), whereas hepatitis B virus infection was diagnosed in 56 (13.8%) of the 407 subjects tested for HBsAg. Overall, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus was significantly higher in patients with hepatitis B virus than in those without hepatitis B virus (58.9% vs. 33.3%, P<0.001), and this remained significant after adjustment for potential confounding variables (OR=3.17; 95% CI, 1.58-6.35). When Asians and Pacific Islanders were analysed separately, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in patients with hepatitis B virus was significantly higher than in those without hepatitis B virus among Asians (65.0% vs. 27.5%, P<0.001) but not in Pacific Islanders (43.8% vs. 37.1%, P=0.60). Among the 390 subjects who were tested for both hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 29.4% in uninfected subjects, 44.4% in patients with hepatitis B virus monoinfection, 47.2% in patients with hepatitis C virus monoinfection and 85.0% in patients with hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus coinfection (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Hepatitis B virus infection is strongly associated with diabetes mellitus among Asian Americans, but not in Pacific Islanders, whereas hepatitis C virus infection was associated with diabetes mellitus in both ethnic groups.     

Fulminant malignant hyperthermia associated with ketoacidotic diabetic coma

Malignant hyperthermia (MH) in humans is usually triggered by volatile anaesthetics and depolarizing muscle relaxants. However, other factors or drugs (e.g. cresol) are thought to induce MH. We report a case of fulminant MH associated with a ketoacidotic diabetic coma. After therapy for diabetic coma with insulin (containing the preservative cresol) and electrolyte solutions was started, the patient complained of increasing myalgia, developed a high fever and respiratory and metabolic acidosis and lost consciousness. MH was treated immediately with dantrolene; the patient recovered within 14 days. Five months later the patient was diagnosed as MH-susceptible by the in vitro caffeine and halothane contracture test. This case supports the assessment that MH and diabetes are associated diseases and that cresol could possibly trigger MH. Furthermore, therapy with dantrolene has been demonstrated to the beneficial in the treatment of MH associated with diabetic coma.