Desmethylimipramine attenuates cocaine withdrawal in rats

Depression and anhedonia are two major symptoms of cocaine withdrawal in humans. Hence, pharmacological treatments effective in depression might also alleviate the symptoms of cocaine withdrawal. In the present study, the effects of acute and repeated administration of a tricyclic antidepressant, desmethylimipramine (DMI), were investigated in naive and cocaine-withdrawing rats. An animal model of cocaine withdrawal was used that employs the elevation in intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) thresholds following the termination of prolonged periods of cocaine self-administration as a measure of an animal's anhedonic state. The influence of chronic DMI treatment on-adrenergic receptor binding and affinity was also correlated with the behavioral signs of cocaine withdrawal. Neither acute nor repeated DMI treatment influenced reward functions in rats that were not undergoing cocaine withdrawal. However, repeated DMI treatment significantly down-regulated-adrenergic receptors, and shortened the duration of the post-cocaine anhedonia (elevation in thresholds). Furthermore, the magnitude of the-adrenergic receptor down-regulation correlated significantly with the degree of effectiveness of DMI treatment in reversing the post-cocaine anhedonia. However, chronic DMI treatment did reduce the amount of cocaine self-administered by the animals. The reversal of the post-cocaine anhedonia in this animal model of cocaine withdrawal by chronic DMI treatment demonstrates the potential usefulness of the model in identifying new pharmacotherapies for cocaine withdrawal. In addition, the results indicate that tricyclic antidepressants may be able to ameliorate some of the symptoms of cocaine withdrawal.     

Neue Untersuchungen zur Typus-melancholicus-Struktur bei Migränikern

In an earlier published study [16, 17, 18], it was demonstrated that migraine sufferers have personality traits significantly more strongly associated with the typus melancholicus than healthy individuals and patients with other mental and physical illnesses. They display a fixation on tidiness which manifests itself in an excessive striving for quality and quantity in performance-oriented situations. The main features of their social relationships are excessive helpfulness combined with an exaggerated tendency towards guilt avoidance and symbiotic attachment to their own families. They do not differ from unipolar depressives in these respects. The major aim of the new study is to examine whether the concept of the typus melancholicus in relation to migraine sufferers as proposed in the first study is adaptable to explaining the personality characteristics of migraine sufferers ("typus migraenicus"). Age-matched samples of 42 female migraine sufferers, 40 female patients with unipolar depression, and 41 female control subjects took part in the new study. The test instruments used were von Zerssen's Munich Personality Test (MPT) and a questionnaire specially designed by the first author for assessing the typus migraenicus (German "Fragebogen zur Erfassung des Typus migraenicus," or FETM). The results obtained using univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrate a confirmation of the typus migraenicus concept, although to a less pronounced degree than the previous study. This can be seen as supporting evidence that, independently of the study sample and the investigators, migraine sufferers display with higher random frequency a personality profile very similar to the premorbid personality structure in unipolar depressives.     

老年心肌梗塞后抑郁与5-HT的关系

目的 探讨老年急性心肌梗塞后抑郁与血浆5羟色胺(5-HT)浓度的关系。方法 利用HAMD对抑郁进行评定,同时使用HPLC-EC法检测30例心梗后伴有明显抑郁症状患者的血浆5羟色胺浓度,并与30例不伴明显抑郁症状的患者以及30例健康人进行对照。结果 血浆5-HT含量抑郁组为46.37±24.47(ng/ml),非抑郁组为44.08±13.03(ng/ml),健康对照组为37.01±5.92(ng/ml)。结论　老年急性心肌梗塞患者HAMD与血浆5-HT浓度无相关。     

抗抑郁治疗对297例不稳定性心绞痛伴抑郁症患者近期预后的影响

目的　观察抗抑郁治疗对 2 97例不稳定性心绞痛伴抑郁症患者近期预后的影响。方法　将不稳定性心绞痛伴抑郁症患者随机分为抗抑郁治疗组和对照组各 30例。治疗组在常规心脏病药物治疗的基础上给予心理治疗及加服抗抑郁药黛力新 10 .5 mg,2次 /日 ,共 12周 ;对照组给予单纯常规心脏病药物治疗。结果　治疗组心肌缺血明显改善 ,心绞痛复发率及发生急性心肌梗死比例低 ,与对照组比较有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论　抗抑郁治疗能明显改善不稳定性心绞痛伴抑郁症患者的近期预后。     

A Competency-based Model of Child Depression: A Longitudinal Study of Peer, Parent, Teacher, and Self-evaluations

In a two-wave longitudinal study of third and sixth graders ( N = 617), we obtained self-reports of depression and peer, teacher, parent, and self-reports of competence in five domains: academic, social, attractiveness, conduct, and athletic. Competency evaluations by others predicted change in self-perceived competence over time for girls, but not for boys. Depression predicted change in self-perceived competence over time for boys but not for girls. Among girls, the relative importance of parent, teacher, and peer appraisals shifted from third to sixth grade. For both boys and girls, self-perceptions of competence predicted change in depression scores over time. Furthermore, self-perceived competencies mediated the relation between competency appraisals by others and children's self-reported depression. Results are interpreted in light of a competency-based model of child depression.     

An Investigation of Adolescents' Substance Use Behaviors, Depressed Affect, and Suicidal Behaviors

Data from a four-wave panel design of 975 adolescents were used to study inter-relationships among suicidal behaviors, depressive symptoms, and substance use behaviors. Persistently high levels of problem drinking and depressive symptoms were associated with higher levels of suicidal thoughts and attempts. Higher levels of depressive symptoms and greater cigarette and illicit drug use distinguished suicidal ideators from attempters. Adolescents attempting suicide reported lower levels of family social support, a greater use of substances to cope with stressors, and a higher density of substance-using peers. Implications of the findings for preventive interventions with high-risk teens are discussed.     

糖尿病合并抑郁和焦虑症的临床观察

目的探讨糖尿病患者合并焦虑、抑郁症的发生率及其对糖尿病的影响。方法采用汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)和抑郁量表(HAMD)对146例糖尿病患者(患者组)和98名正常人(对照组)进行调查评定,并对其相关因素进行分析。结果①患者组抑郁、焦虑的发生率为41.1%,对照组抑郁、焦虑的发生率为10.2%,两组间有显著性差异(P<0.01);②在糖尿病患者中,抑郁、焦虑与女性、体重指数、糖化血红蛋白、糖尿病慢性并发症及使用胰岛素密切相关。结论抑郁、焦虑在糖尿病患者中发生率较高,对糖尿病的进展及预后具有不良影响。     

七味开心颗粒对脑损伤-嗅球破坏模型大鼠行为及血浆中ACTH、COR含量的影响

目的 :研究七味开心颗粒的药理作用。方法 :采用脑损伤 -嗅球破坏模型 ,将实验大鼠分为正常组、假手术组、模型组、盐酸氯米帕明组、七味开心颗粒 (高、中、低剂量 )组 ,观察各组大鼠行为学变化及其血浆中促肾上腺皮质激素 (ACTH )和皮质醇 (COR)含量的变化。结果 :在敞箱实验和避暗实验中 ,模型组大鼠行为出现明显变化 ,七味开心颗粒组和盐酸氯米帕明组均可显著拮抗大鼠行为变化 ;模型组大鼠血浆中ACTH、COR含量显著升高 (P<0 01) ,七味开心颗粒组和盐酸氯米帕明组都可抑制ACTH、COR含量的升高 (P<0 01)。结论 :七味开心颗粒可能通过作用于下丘脑 -垂体 -肾上腺皮质轴而发挥抗抑郁作用。     

Regional differences in brain monoamine oxidase subtypes in an animal model of geriatric depression: effects of olfactory bulbectomy in young versus aged rats

Geriatric depression is often associated dysregulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and with poor responsiveness to antidepressants that work through inhibition of monoamine reuptake; accordingly, it has been suggested that MAO inhibitors may represent a therapeutic alternative in this group. In the current study, we evaluated expression of MAO subtypes in brain regions of young and aged rats subjected to olfactory bulbectomy (OBX), a procedure that reproduces many of the biochemical and functional changes associated with human depression. Activities of both MAO A and B were elevated in aged rats as compared to young rats in most regions, but not in the midbrain, and the OBX lesion failed to produce any change in this pattern. These results stand in contrast to the differential effects of glucocorticoids, which reduce brain MAO in young animals but induce activity in aged rats. Our results support the view that the aged brain possesses biochemical characteristics that distinguish its monoamine biochemistry from that of young brain, and that these distinctions may work in conjunction with HPA axis dysregulation to influence the etiology and therapy of geriatric depression. The use of appropriate animal models for depression and for disruption of HPA axis function can allow for the testing of potential human biomarkers (such as platelet MAO) that may serve to predict treatment outcome.     

脑卒中患者抑郁情绪的研究

目的　研究脑卒中患者的抑郁情绪状况。方法　采用Hamilton(HAMD)抑郁量表评价73名脑卒中住院患者及40名健康人,比较两者的HAMD总分及因子分。结果　脑卒中患者组HAMD总分及因子分高于健康人组,具有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论　情绪抑郁是脑卒中后常见的心理障碍。