城乡空巢老人抑郁症状及影响因素差异研究

目的 分析我国城乡空巢老人的抑郁症状及影响因素的差异。方法 基于2018年中国健康与养老追踪调查（CHARLS）数据,纳入2 911名空巢老人,运用χ2检验及二分类logistic回归分析城乡空巢老人抑郁影响因素及差异。结果 我国空巢老人抑郁状况得分为（9.1±6.8）,抑郁发生率为36.4%;农村空巢老人抑郁发生率（39.9%）高于城市空巢老人（26.2%）。女性、低文化水平、低夜间睡眠时间、与子女见面频率低、自评健康差、躯体疼痛、活动受限是城乡空巢老人抑郁的共同危险因素。有社会参与（ OR =0.673,95% CI :0.423~0.959, P =0.031）是城市空巢老人特有的保护因素;吸烟（ OR =1.491,95% CI :1.110~2.004, P =0.008）、患慢性病（ OR =1.349,95% CI :1.102~1.650, P =0.004）是农村空巢老人特有的危险因素,受教育程度高（ OR =0.619,95% CI :0.385~0.996, P =0.048）是农村空巢老人特有的保护因素。结论 我国空巢老人抑郁水平较高且存在城乡差异。农村地区空巢老人抑郁水平更高,影响因素更复杂。应制定有效措施有针对性的干预城乡空巢老人心理健康。     

网络成瘾和睡眠时长在青少年受校园欺凌与抑郁间的链式中介作用

目的 探索青少年网络成瘾和睡眠时长在受校园欺凌与抑郁关系之间的中介作用,为青少年抑郁的预防干预提供依据。 方法 使用青少年健康相关危险行为问卷及CES - D抑郁量表,采用多阶段整群抽样法抽取徐州市4 190名青少年进行问卷调查。结果 在控制人口学等变量后,受校园欺凌、网络成瘾、睡眠时长对抑郁均有预测作用（r = 0.283,P＜0.01;r = 0.331,P＜0.01;r = - 0.184,P＜0.01）。路径分析表明,网络成瘾在受校园欺凌和青少年抑郁之间起中介作用;网络成瘾和睡眠时长在受校园欺凌和青少年抑郁间起链式中介作用。结论 受校园欺凌不仅直接影响青少年抑郁,还通过网络成瘾和睡眠时长的链式中介作用间接影响青少年抑郁。可通过减少青少年网络使用和提高睡眠时长来降低受校园欺凌对青少年抑郁的影响。     

Musculoskeletal injury survivors’ resiliency: A systematic review

BackgroundMusculoskeletal traumas are on the rise in the United States; however, limited studies are available to help trauma providers assess and treat concerns beyond the physical impact. Little is understood about the psychological, social, and spiritual factors that protect patients from adverse effects after a physical trauma or their experiences with each factor afterward.ObjectiveThis systematic review was conducted to investigate and review advancements in research related to risk and resiliency factors experienced by survivors of traumatic musculoskeletal injuries. The use of biopsychosocial-spiritual (BPS–S) framework and resiliency theory guided the analysis.MethodsResearchers reviewed 1003 articles, but only seven met the search criteria. Due to the complexity and uniqueness of traumatic brain injuries, studies on that target population were excluded.ResultsOf the seven articles reviewed, three identified psychological protective factors that protect against negative health outcomes; three identified negative psychological, social, or spiritual outcomes; and none investigated social or spiritual health.ConclusionsThere are significant gaps in the literature surrounding risk and resiliency factors related to the BPS-S health of musculoskeletal injury survivors.     

Pathways linking census tract typologies with subjective neighborhood disorder and depressive symptoms in the Black Women's Experiences Living with Lupus (BeWELL) Study

Depression is a common comorbidity among Black women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an understudied autoimmune disease characterized by major racial and gender inequities. Research is needed that examines how area-level factors influence risk of depression in this population. Latent profile analysis revealed four neighborhood typologies among metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia census tracts that participants (n=438) in the Black Women's Experiences Living with Lupus (BeWELL) Study were living in: Integrated/High-SES, Moderately Segregated/Mid-SES, Highly Segregated/Mid-SES, and Highly Segregated/Low-SES. Structural equation models indicated that highly segregated census tracts were associated with the greatest levels of depression via increased subjective assessments of neighborhood disorder. Policies that invest in segregated areas and address physical and social aspects of the environment that contribute to neighborhood disorder may promote mental health among Black women with SLE.     

Undiagnosed Depression among Hypertensive Individuals in Gaza: A Cross-sectional Survey from Palestine

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and to determine the associated factors of undiagnosed depression amongst hypertensive patients (HTNP) at primary health care centers (PHCC) in Gaza.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted including 538 HTNP as a recruitment phase of a clustered randomized controlled trial. Data were collected through face-to-face structured interview, and depression status was assessed by Beck''s Depression Inventory (BDI-II). Data were analyzed by STATA version 14 using standard complex survey analyses, accounted for unresponsiveness and clustering approach. Generalized linear regression analysis was performed to assess associations.ResultsThe prevalence of undiagnosed clinical depression was 11.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.1, 16.3). Moreover, prevalence of 15.4% (95% CI: 10.8, 21.6) was found for mild depression symptoms. We found that non-adherence to antihypertensive medications (AHTNM) (β = 0.9, 95% CI: 0.17, 1.7), having more health-care system support (β = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.6, 3.9) and number of AHTNM (β = 1.5, 95% CI: 0.6, 2.5) remain significantly positively associated with BDI-II score. On the other hand, older age (β = -0.1, 95% CI: -0.2, -0.02), having better social support (β = -6.8, 95% CI: -8.9, -4.7) and having stronger patient-doctor relationship (β = -4.1, 95% CI: -6.9, -1.2) kept significantly negative association.ConclusionThe prevalence of undiagnosed depression was about one-quarter of all cases; half of them were moderate to severe. Routine screening of depression status should be a part of the care of HTNP in PHCC.     

高频重复经颅磁刺激联合认知行为治疗对脑卒中后焦虑和抑郁共病状态患者的影响

目的观察高频重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)联合认知行为治疗对脑卒中后焦虑(PSA)、脑卒中后抑郁(PSD)共病状态患者的影响。 方法采用随机数字表法将160例脑卒中后焦虑抑郁状态患者分为对照组和观察组。两组患者均给予脑卒中常规治疗、抗抑郁药物治疗和认知行为治疗,对照组同时给予高频rTMS假刺激治疗,观察组则给予高频rTMS真刺激治疗。观察4周后2组患者抑郁症状、焦虑症状、睡眠质量、日常生活能力改善情况。 结果两组患者汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评分、匹兹堡睡眠指数量表(PSQI)、改良Barthel指数(MBI)在治疗前差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。治疗4周后,对照组和观察组的HAMD评分、HAMA评分、PSQI较治疗前下降,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05),其中观察组下降更为明显,与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组和观察组MBI与治疗前相比,均有明显提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而观察组和对照组相比,观察组分数提高更显著,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组治疗有效率为87.50%,高于对照组的71.25%。两组之间差异有统计学意义(Uc＝－3.45,P<0.001)。 结论高频rTMS治疗联合认知行为治疗和认知行为治疗均能有效改善PSA+PSD患者的焦虑抑郁症状、睡眠质量及日常生活能力,但高频rTMS治疗联合认知行为治疗的效果更加明显。     

新冠疫情期间检疫隔离人群焦虑和抑郁状况调查研究

目的了解新冠病毒疫情期间检疫隔离群体心理状况,为心理干预提供参考。方法调查纳入2020年4月7日-5月26日期间由境外或重点疫区进入深圳的定点酒店检疫隔离人员,隔离人员需在隔离开始24 h内完成心理筛查。共收集调查问卷2219份,最后得到1705人填写的合格问卷,有效回收率为76.8%。采用健康问卷抑郁量表(PHQ-9)、广泛性焦虑量表(GAD-7)对检疫隔离人群进行心理问题筛查,统计方法包括t检验、方差分析及Pearson相关性分析、Logistic回归等。结果检疫隔离者抑郁、焦虑的检出率分别是15.8%、14.8%,多元Logistic回归分析显示,女性(OR=1.526)和对隔离部分理解及不理解(OR=3.273;OR=3.148)是检疫隔离者焦虑的危险因素;经济条件一般及较好(OR=0.422;OR=0.305)是检疫隔离者焦虑的保护因素;女性(OR=1.323)和对隔离部分理解及不理解(OR=3.387;OR=3.153)是检疫隔离者出现抑郁的危险因素;经济条件一般及较好(OR=0.627;OR=0.373)是检疫隔离者抑郁的保护因素。结论新型冠状肺炎疫情期间,检疫隔离者出现不同程度的焦虑、抑郁表现,需重点加强对女性、经济条件差、对隔离态度较差人群的心理疏导与社会支持。     

国产万拉法新治疗肠易激综合征的初步临床研究

目的 观察国产新药万拉法新对肠易激综合征（IBS）及其伴随的焦虑和抑郁症状的临床治疗效果。方法 选择48例IBS患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组,分别服用万拉法新及硝苯地平进行为期4周的治疗,通过对IBS各项症状的改善率和总体改善率评定观察治疗效果。同时采用Zung编制的抑郁自评量表和焦虑自评量表进行评分观察治疗前后抑郁和焦虑的改善程度。结果 万拉法新对IBS的治疗总体改善率为80％,对照组为52．17％（P＜0．05）。万拉法新治疗前后焦虑和抑郁的改善程度经检验均有统计学意义（P＜0．01）。结论 单独应用万拉法新对IBS的总体治疗效果优于硝苯地平组,对改善伴随的焦虑和抑郁症状有明显的疗效。     

孕妇睡眠质量与焦虑、抑郁的相关性研究

目的,了解孕妇在妊娠期睡眠质量与焦虑抑郁情绪状态的相关关系。方法：采用匹茨堡睡眠质量指数量表,症状自评量表,状态－特质焦虑问卷,焦虑自评量表,抑郁自评量表定,对83例孕妇的睡眠质量,状态－－特质焦虑,焦虑和抑郁状态水平进行调查分析。结果：孕妇的睡眠质量,入睡时间,睡眠时间,白天功能与焦虑和抑郁情绪症状呈正相关（P＜0．05）;孕妇睡眠质量与状态焦虑呈正相关关系（P＜0．05）,而入睡时间与特质焦虑呈正相关关系（P＜0．05）,结论;孕妇妊娠期睡眠质量与焦虑和抑郁情绪症状有正相关关系。     

2型糖尿病与心理障碍关系的分析

目的 了解2型糖尿病患者的情绪障碍及其影响因素。方法 对160例2型糖尿病患者及105例正常对照者进行了回顾性Znng氏自评抑郁、焦虑量表的调查。结果 结果显示糖尿病组抑郁症患病率为36．25％（58／160）,焦虑症患病率29．38％（47／160）;对照组分别为3．33％、1．33％（P值均＜0．001）。抑郁症与体重指数、血糖、TG及CH具有相关性（r分别等于0．62,0．59,0．44,0．46,P值均＜0．01）。焦虑症与体重指数、血糖及TC也具有相关性(r分别等于0．67,0．62,0．48,P值均＜0．01）。抑郁量表得分与病程有关（r＝0．65,P＜0．01）,病程越长抑郁的程度越重、发生率越高。结论 2型糖尿病患者抑郁症及焦虑症的患病率较高,且与糖尿病病程、肥胖、血糖及血糖水平相关。