Fracture Union in Closed Interlocking Nail in Humeral Shaft Fractures

Background:

Fracture shaft humerus is a major cause of morbidity in patients with upper extremity injuries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of interlocking nail in humeral shaft fractures.

Methods:

This study was conducted in the Department of Orthopedic Surgery in SMS and R Sharda University from January 2010 to November 2013. Seventy-eight patients were recruited from emergency and out-patient department having a close fracture of humerus shaft. All patients were operated under general anesthesia and closed reamed interlocking nailing was done. All patients were followed for 9 months.

Results:

Out of 78 patients, 69 patients underwent union in 90–150 days with a mean of 110.68 days. Complications found in four patients who had nonunion, and five patients had delayed union, which was treated with bone grafting. All the patients were assessed clinically and radiologically for fracture healing, joint movements and implant failure. The results were excellent in 88.46% and good in 6.41% patients. Complete subjective, functional, and clinical recovery had occurred in almost 100% of the patients.

Conclusions:

The results of the present study indicates that in the presence of proper indications, reamed antegrade intramedullary interlocked nailing appears to be a method of choice for internal fixation of osteoporotic and pathologic fractures.     

动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后迟发性脑缺血的早期凝血及纤溶生物标志物变化

目的通过对动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(aSAH)后早期血液凝血和纤溶相关标志物进行动态分析,探讨其与迟发性脑缺血(DCI)之间的关系,尝试从临床角度阐述微血栓形成机制在DCI发生发展中可能的潜在影响。方法前瞻性连续纳入2016年12月至2018年6月北京天坛医院发病3 d内的aSAH住院患者165例。入院后按照统一标准化方案分别采集患者入院时、发病后(4±1)、(7±1)、(10±1)、(13±1)d的血液样本,记录DCI患者及非DCI患者各时间点的部分血液凝血[包括凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、血小板计数、血管性血友病因子(vWF)抗原定量和vWF活性]及纤溶相关标志物参数(D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原)。PT、APTT、纤维蛋白原水平通过凝血酶测定,D-二聚体含量通过乳胶光度法测定,vWF抗原定量和vWF活性检测分别采用vWF抗原检测试剂盒和vWF活性检测试剂盒,并对两组间不同时间点各参数进行重复测量方差分析。结果DCI发生率为31.5%(52/165)。凝血及纤溶标志物相关结果显示,DCI患者在aSAH后早期即出现血管性血友病因子(vWF)抗原含量和活性升高,并在发病后(7±1)d达到高峰,DCI患者vWF抗原及活性水平较非DCI患者更高,两组间差异具有统计学意义(F值分别为6.873、5.784,P值分别为0.017、0.021),同时vWF抗原及活性水平与时间相关(F值分别为105.448、89.141,均P<0.01),且存在组别与采样时间之间的交互效应(F值分别为9.525、10.114,P值分别为0.022、0.016)。此外,DCI与不同采样时间对PT、APTT、血小板计数、D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原等水平无明显影响(均P>0.05),并且两组别与时间不存在交互作用(均P>0.05)。结论DCI患者vWF抗原含量及活性明显高于非DCI患者,提示可能存在微血栓形成,动态监测vWF抗原含量及活性有助于早期发现DCI。     

Delayed gastric emptying after pancreaticoduodenectomy: A study of the national surgical quality improvement program

BackgroundDelayed gastric emptying (DGE) remains common after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). Risk factors for DGE have been difficult to identify due to a lack of a standard definition. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with DGE using a standard definition across a national cohort of patients.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent PD from 2014 to 2016 within the ACS-NSQIP pancreatectomy-specific module was performed. Multivariable (MV) regression was used to determine perioperative risk factors for DGE.ResultsOf 10,249 patients undergoing PD, 16.6% developed DGE and were older (65.3 vs. 64.3 years), more often male (62.5% vs. 51.9%), overweight/obese (66.7% vs. 61.3%), and American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) class 3 (80.0% vs. 76.0%). Rates of pylorus preservation (41.4% vs. 38.7%) were higher, and median operative time (373 vs. 354 min) longer. On MV analysis, age≥65 years [OR 1.26 (95%CI 1.13–1.41)], male sex [OR 1.54 (95%CI 1.38–1.72), body mass index (BMI) > 30 [OR 1.22 (95%CI 1.06–1.40)], ASA class≥3 [OR 1.24 (95%CI 1.08–1.42)], pylorus preservation [OR 1.08 (95%CI 1.02–1.14)], and longer operative time [OR 1.26 (95%CI 1.13–1.40)] remained associated with DGE. Preoperative chemotherapy was associated with decreased risk of DGE [OR 0.77 (95%CI 0.64–0.93)].ConclusionIn this national, multicenter cohort of patients undergoing PD, 16.6% of patients developed DGE based on a standardized definition. Perioperative factors including age, BMI, ASA class, pylorus preservation, and operative time were associated with increased risk of DGE. Further research is warranted to identify opportunities for prevention via preoperative rehabilitation strategies and treatment.     

Restoration of innate immune activation accelerates Th1‐cell priming and protection following pulmonary mycobacterial infection

The immune mechanisms underlying delayed induction of Th1‐type immunity in the lungs following pulmonary mycobacterial infection remain poorly understood. We have herein investigated the underlying immune mechanisms for such delayed responses and whether a selected innate immune‐modulating strategy can accelerate Th1‐type responses. We have found that, in the early stage of pulmonary infection with attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb H37Ra), the levels of infection in the lung continue to increase logarithmically until days 14 and 21 postinfection in C57BL/6 mice. The activation of innate immune responses, particularly DCs, in the lung is delayed. This results in a delay in the subsequent downstream immune responses including the migration of antigen‐bearing DCs to the draining lymph node (dLN), the Th1‐cell priming in dLN, and the recruitment of Th1 cells to the lung. However, single lung mucosal exposure to the TLR agonist FimH postinfection is able to accelerate protective Th1‐type immunity via facilitating DC migration to the lung and draining lymph nodes, enhancing DC antigen presentation and Th1‐cell priming. These findings hold implications for the development of immunotherapeutic and vaccination strategies and suggest that enhancement of early innate immune activation is a viable option for improving Th1‐type immunity against pulmonary mycobacterial diseases.     

MACVIA-LR,Reference site of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing (EIP on AHA) in Languedoc Roussillon

The Région Languedoc-Roussillon is the umbrella organisation for an interconnected and integrated project on AHA covering the 3 pillars of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing. All sub-activities (A1: electronic pharmaceutical file, A2: falls prevention initiative, A3: frailty, B3: chronic respiratory diseases, chronic diseases with comorbidities, oral health and hepatitis virus C chronic infection, C2 and D4 active and independent living and handicap) are included in MACVIA-LR that has a strong political commitment and includes all stakeholders (public, private, patients, policy makers). It is one of the Reference Sites of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing built around chronic diseases, ageing and handicap. The framework of MACVIA-LR has the vision that the prevention and management of CDs is essential for AHA promotion and for the reduction of handicap. The main objective of MACVIA-LR is to develop innovative solutions for a network of Living Labs in order to improve the care of patients affected by CDs in the Languedoc-Roussillon area and to disseminate the innovation.     

微创拔牙后延期种植与即刻种植的效果评价

目的 探讨和比较微创拔牙后延期种植与即刻种植的临床效果。方法 选择南京同仁医院2013年4月—2018年4月收治的上、下颌单个前牙及前磨牙需要行微创拔牙后种植牙的患者86例,随机分为对照组（40例）和实验组（46例）。对照组微创拔牙后进行延期种植,实验组微创拔牙后进行即刻种植。比较2组患者的种植成功率,记录3个月和永久修复当天患者的种植体稳定性、种植体周围探诊深度、美学效果以及种植体边缘骨水平以及术后满意度。采用SPSS 20.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果 实验组和对照组种植成功率均为100%,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;2组在种植体植入3个月后和永久修复当天的ISQ值差异不显著 (P>0.05);实验组种植体周围探诊深度小于对照组,但差异无显著性（P=0.80）;实验组总满意度显著大于对照组（P=0.044）;2组修复后1年,牙龈乳头指数均在1~3级,软组织外形良好,均达到了良好的牙龈美学效果,2组差异无统计学意义（P=0.66）;对照组PES得分7.65±1.32,实验组为8.25±1.19,2组比较差异显著（P<0.05）;2组的近中侧骨吸收量和远中侧骨吸收量相比无显著差异（P>0.05）。结论 微创拔牙后2种植修复方式均能获得良好的临床效果,种植体都具有良好的稳定性,但即刻种植的满意度更高,美学效果更佳,具有良好的临床应用前景。     

Sex differences in circadian timing systems: Implications for disease

Virtually every eukaryotic cell has an endogenous circadian clock and a biological sex. These cell-based clocks have been conceptualized as oscillators whose phase can be reset by internal signals such as hormones, and external cues such as light. The present review highlights the inter-relationship between circadian clocks and sex differences. In mammals, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) serves as a master clock synchronizing the phase of clocks throughout the body. Gonadal steroid receptors are expressed in almost every site that receives direct SCN input. Here we review sex differences in the circadian timing system in the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis (HPG), the hypothalamic–adrenal–pituitary (HPA) axis, and sleep–arousal systems. We also point to ways in which disruption of circadian rhythms within these systems differs in the sexes and is associated with dysfunction and disease. Understanding sex differentiated circadian timing systems can lead to improved treatment strategies for these conditions.