Delayed sleep–wake phase disorder in young adults: prevalence and correlates from a national survey of Norwegian university students

BackgroundDelayed sleep–wake phase disorder (DSWPD) during adolescence has been linked to impaired health and poor functioning. However there is a dearth of knowledge about DSWPD in young adulthood. We seek to contribute knowledge on the prevalence and correlates of DSWPD in this age group.MethodsData were drawn from a 2018 national survey of students in higher education in Norway (the SHoT-study). All 162,512 fulltime students in Norway were invited to participate and 50,054 students (69.1% women) aged 18–35 years were included (response rate = 30.8%). DSWPD was assessed by self-report, and was operationalized according to the criteria for DSWPD in the most recent edition of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders. Correlates of DSWPD were examined by validated self-report instruments covering a wide range of demographic and health domains.ResultsThe overall prevalence of DSWPD was 3.3%, and significantly higher in male (4.7%) than female (2.7%) students. DSWPD was associated with being single, having financial difficulties, having divorced parents, being overweight/obese, and physical inactivity. Students with DSWPD had more sleep problems during weekdays, and higher levels of somatic and mental health problems. Students with DSWPD also had an elevated risk of self-harm-related thoughts and behaviors as well as suicidality.ConclusionDSWPD remains a significant problem among young adults, and the high symptom load across health domains indicates that suggests a need for existing evidence-based approaches to be scaled for college students who present with DSWPD.     

一个常染色体显性智力低下1型家系的MBD5基因新变异

目的对1例智力、运动发育落后、语言发育严重受损、面部畸形合并癫痫的患儿及其家系成员进行基因变异分析。方法应用全外显子分析技术对先证者进行致病变异筛查,结合先证者的表型确定候选致病位点,应用Sanger测序对先证者、父母及其他家系成员进行变异位点验证。结果先证者携带MBD5基因c.2217delT(p.F739Lfs*6)框移变异,文献未见报道,来源于母亲,经家系验证,其兄携带相同变异且具有相似的表型,其母年幼时语言表达能力差,学习成绩差,可做家务,无抽搐病史。结论发现一个MBD5基因新的致病变异,丰富了MBD5基因变异谱,家系研究发现该基因变异存在表现度差异。本研究结果为该家系的病因诊断和产前诊断提供了依据。     

Severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections with prolonged fever in a child: Delayed treatment is as important as macrolide resistance

We report a 7-year-old girl who got Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection with prolonged fever. Macrolide was used on day 14 of illness but fever persisted with progressive lung consolidation. Oral prednisolone was administered on day 33 then fever subsided with dramatically clinical improvement (decreased CRP and resolution of lung consolidation). In this case, delayed effective antibiotic treatment with inflammation may be the major factor contributing to the fever rather than ongoing infection.     

中国产妇泌乳Ⅱ期启动延迟发生率及影响因素的系统评价

目的系统评价我国产妇泌乳Ⅱ期启动延迟(DOLⅡ)的发生率及影响因素,为相关研究和临床实践提供借鉴。方法计算机检索Web of Science、PubMed、Embse、Cochrane Library、维普、CNKI、万方和中国生物医学文献数据库中DOLⅡ发生率及影响因素的相关文献,2名研究者对文献进行质量评价及资料提取并进行系统评价;符合量性分析的资料使用Stata 12.0进行Meta分析。结果共13项研究纳入系统评价,Meta分析显示,我国产妇的DOLⅡ发生率为24%[95%置信区间为(18%~31%)]。主要影响因素中,产妇因素包括年龄、产次、分娩方式、身体质量指数、睡眠状况、妊娠期应激生活事件暴露、焦虑、抑郁、产后疲乏、妊娠合并症、麻醉方式、药物使用等,婴儿因素包括早产、出生体重、吸吮姿势、吸吮次数等,社会因素包括开奶时间、妊娠期母乳喂养教育等。结论我国产妇DOLⅡ发生率较高,涉及的影响因素较多,大部分因素的作用存有不同评价,与DOLⅡ的因果关系有待进一步验证。     

The effect of antecolic versus retrocolic reconstruction on delayed gastric emptying after classic non–pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy

Background

Delayed gastric emptying (DGE) after pancreaticoduodenectomy increases length of hospital stay and costs, and may be influenced by surgical techniques.

Methods

We retrospectively compared 400 patients with antecolic gastrojejunostomy with 400 patients with retrocolic gastrojejunostomy for the occurrence of DGE.

Results

The prevalence of DGE was 15% in the antecolic group and 21% in the retrocolic group (P = .021), and median length of stay was shorter for the former (8 vs 10 days, P = .001). The difference was statistically significant with grade A DGE (9% vs 14%, P = .038), but not B or C. In a multivariate analysis, DGE was influenced by retrocolic reconstruction, as well as older age, chronic pancreatitis, preoperative bilirubin level, a history of previous upper abdominal surgery, and postoperative pancreatic fistula.

Conclusions

An antecolic gastrojejunostomy for classic non–pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy is associated with a lower incidence of mild DGE (grade A) and a shorter length of stay.     

内耳局部给药临床与实验研究进展

药物治疗一直是内耳病的首选方法,由于内耳与全身血液循环之间存在血 迷路屏障,药物进入内耳的剂量极为有限。内耳局部给药可以减小用药剂量与药物的不良反应,药物在内耳的作用效力也会提高。关于内耳局部给药的临床应用有鼓膜穿刺/经咽鼓管给药、经圆窗膜缓释/控释给药、内耳开窗给药,实验研究包括缓释药物制剂和控释给药装置的研究。作者对内耳局部给药的临床与实验研究进行综述,为更加微创、有效治疗疾病提供依据。     

Predicting the risk of extinction from shared ecological characteristics

Understanding the ultimate causes of population declines and extinction is vital in our quest to stop the currently rampant biodiversity loss. Comparison of ecological characteristics between threatened and nonthreatened species may reveal these ultimate causes. Here, we report an analysis of ecological characteristics of 23 threatened and 72 nonthreatened butterfly species. Our analysis reveals that threatened butterflies are characterized by narrow niche breadth, restricted resource distribution, poor dispersal ability, and short flight period. Based on the characteristics, we constructed an ecological extinction risk rank and predicted which of the currently nonthreatened species are at the highest risk of extinction. Our analysis reveals that two species currently classified as nonthreatened are, in fact, at high risk of extinction, and that the status of a further five species should be reconsidered.     

内耳显影对迟发性膜迷路积水诊断的意义

目的：明确鼓室内钆造影剂注射后内耳显影对迟发性膜迷路积水（delayed endolymphatic hydrops , DEH）诊断的临床价值,探讨迟发性膜迷路积水的病理机制。方法10例DEH患者行双鼓室钆造影剂注射24小时后行三维快速液体衰减反转恢复（three dimensional fluid－attenuated inversion recovery ,3D －FLAIR）序列和三维实时反转恢复（three dimensional real inversion recovery ,3D－real IR）序列扫描成像,分析患者内淋巴积水的范围及严重程度。结果10例DEH患者中9例为同侧型,1例为对侧型,均显示单侧或双侧内淋巴积水征象,其中9例同侧型DEH患者中仅1例（11．1％）患侧耳前庭内淋巴显示轻度积水,其余8例（88．9％）均显示患侧前庭内淋巴重度积水;8例（88．9％）同侧型DEH患者患侧耳蜗内淋巴积水,而1例（11．1％）同侧型DEH患者患侧耳蜗内淋巴无积水,9例同侧DEH患者对侧耳均未见前庭、耳蜗内淋巴积水。1例对侧型DEH患者的双侧前庭内淋巴重度积水,右侧耳蜗内淋巴轻度积水,而左侧耳蜗未见积水。结论内淋巴积水是DEH的主要病理因素,鼓室内钆注射后内耳显影能直观地反映出DEH患者内淋巴积水的范围及严重程度。