退行性腰椎侧凸手术适应证与方法选择

目的探讨退行性腰椎侧凸不同手术治疗方法的适应证，观察不同治疗方法的疗效。方法37例退行性腰椎侧凸患者，平均年龄55．3岁（51～67岁）。平均病程8．6年（4～17年）。根据临床表现及影像学检查选择治疗方法：椎管双侧多节段开窗减压、椎弓根螺钉器械长节段固定矫形、椎板关节突间植骨融合19例；椎管双侧多节段开窗减压、短节段椎弓根螺钉固定，椎间植骨融合13例；单纯椎管双侧多节段开窗减压术5例。术后2～4周配带腰背支具活动，支具佩带3～6个月。结果术后平均随访24．7个月（16～67个月），29例（79．8％）腰部疼痛消失或仅感轻微疼痛，术后疼痛VAS评分和Oswestry功能障碍指数的改善率分别为（83．5±2,4）％和（72．7±4．1）％。侧凸Cobb角平均剩余8．3°，无假关节，内植物失败及其他严重并发症。结论在充分减压的基础上，采用经椎弓根固定可以较好的恢复腰椎的生理序列，选择有利术式，降低手术并发症是提高疗效的关键。     

Long‐term Radiological and Clinical Outcome after Lumbar Spinal Fusion Surgery in Patients with Degenerative Spondylolisthesis: A Prospective 6‐Year Follow‐up Study

ObjectiveTo assess which radiological alignment parameters are associated with a satisfactory long‐term clinical outcome after performing lumbar spinal fusion for treating degenerative spondylolisthesis.MethodsThis single‐center prospective study assessed the relation between radiological alignment parameters measured on standing lateral lumbar spine radiographs and the patient‐reported outcome using four different questionnaires (COMI, EQ‐5D, ODI and VAS) as primary outcome measures (level of evidence: II). The following spinopelvic alignment parameters were used: gliding angle, sacral inclination, anterior displacement, sagittal rotation, lumbar lordosis, sacral slope, pelvic tilt and pelvic incidence. Furthermore, the length of stay and perioperative complications were documented. Only cases from 2013 to 2015 of low‐grade degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis (Meyerding grades I and II) were considered. The patients underwent open posterior lumbar fusion surgery by pedicle screw instrumentation and cage insertion. The operative technique was either a posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) or a transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) performed by three different senior orthopedic surgeons. Exclusion criteria were spine fractures, minimally invasive techniques, underlying malignant diseases or acute infections, previous or multisegmental spine surgery as well as preoperative neurologic impairment. Of 89 initially contacted patients, 17 patients were included for data analysis (11 males, six females).ResultsThe data of 17 patients after mono‐ or bisegmental lumbar fusion surgery to treat low‐grade lumbar spondylolisthesis and with a follow‐up time of least 72 months were analyzed. The mean age was 66.7 ± 11.3 years. In terms of complications two dural tears and one intraoperative bleeding occurred. The average body mass index (BMI) was 27.6 ± 4.4 kg/m² and the average inpatient length of stay was 12.9 ± 3.8 days (range: 8–21). The long‐term clinical outcome correlated significantly with the change of the pelvic tilt (r _s = −0.515, P < 0.05) and the sagittal rotation (r _s = −0.545, P < 0.05). The sacral slope was significantly associated with the sacral inclination (r _s = 0.637, P < 0.01) and the pelvic incidence (r _s = 0.500, P < 0.05). In addition, the pelvic incidence showed a significant correlation with the pelvic tilt (r _s = 0.709, P < 0.01). The change of the different clinical scores over time also correlated significantly between the different questionnaires.ConclusionsThe surgical modification of the pelvic tilt and the sagittal rotation are the two radiological alignment parameters that can most accurately predict the long‐term clinical outcome after lumbar interbody fusion surgery.     

Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Using Escherichia coli-Derived Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2: A Pilot Study

BackgroundRecombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is an osteoinductive growth factor widely used in orthopedic surgery; it is also known to be associated with postoperative airway compromise or dysphagia when applied to anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). However, there have been no reports on ACDF using Escherichia coli-derived BMP-2 (E.BMP-2) with hydroxyapatite (HA). This pilot study aimed to investigate the potential efficacy and safety of E.BMP-2 using HA as a carrier in ACDF prior to designing a larger-scale prospective study.MethodsPatients eligible for inclusion were those who underwent ACDF using 0.3 mg of E.BMP-2 with HA per segment for degenerative cervical disc disease between August 2019 and July 2020 and had at least 1 year of follow-up. Fusion rates were analyzed using computed tomography or flexion-extension radiographs. Visual analog scales for neck pain and arm pain and neck disability index were measured preoperatively and the final follow-up. In cases of cervical spondylotic myelopathy, modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores were also evaluated. Postoperative complications such as airway compromise, dysphagia, wound infection, neurologic deficit, hoarseness, heterotopic ossification, seroma, and malignancy were investigated.ResultsA total of 11 patients and 21 segments were analyzed. All clinical outcomes significantly improved at the final follow-up compared with the preoperative indices (p < 0.05). Only 1 case of dysphagia and no cases of airway compromise, wound infection, neurologic deficit, hoarseness, heterotopic ossification, seroma, or malignancy were observed during the follow-up period. Of the 21 segments, 15 segments showed solid fusion at 3 months after surgery, 4 segments at 6 months, and 1 segment at 12 months. Only 1 segment showed pseudoarthrosis, resulting in a fusion rate of 95.2%.ConclusionsThe outcomes of ACDF could be enhanced using 0.3 mg of E.BMP-2 with HA per segment. Based on this study, larger-scale prospective studies can be conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of E.BMP-2 in ACDF.     

转甲状腺素蛋白作为高度近视血清潜在分子标记物的研究

Objective To observe the abnormal expression of transthyretin in serum and vitreous of high myopia patients.Methods 116 patients(50 males and 66 females)with high myopia,diagnosed by retinoscopic reflex,slit-lamp microscope,indirect ophthalmoscope and Iol-Master,were enrolled.The patients had an average age of(49.7±12.3)years and average diopter of(-10±4.2)D.The control group had 86 healthy individuals(42 males and 44 females)with an average age of(48.5±10.5)years.According to the findings of indirect ophthalmoscope and optical coherence tomography(OCT)examination,the patients were classified as foveal detachment,macular hole,choroidal neovascularization,epimacular membrane.retinal scar and no significant pathological changes.2 ml peripheral blood samples were taken from all the subjects.The vitreous samples of high myopia patients with foveal detachment and macular hole (20 patients.20 eyes)were collected before pars plana vitrectomy.LTQ-MASS was performed on 16 serum samples of patients and 16 control serum samples.Western blot and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)were used to detect serum transthyretin expression in high myopia groups(n=100)and control group(n=80).Vitreous samples(n=20)and corresponding serum samples were further analyzed by ELlSA.Meanwhile,the relationship between visual acuity after surgery and transthyretin expression level in vitreous were analyzed.Results LTQ-MASS detected 4 proteins differentially expressed in the serum of patients and control group,transthyretin was the most significantly increased protein in high myopia patients.Western blot validated that serum transthyretin of high myopia group was much higher than that of the control group(t=3.68,P＜0.05).High myopia patients with macular hole and macular detachment had much higher serum and vitreous transthyretin than that of control group(F=9.28,P＜0.01).Patients with higher vitreous transthyretin had better postoperative visual acuity.Conclusions The transthyretin level increases significantly in serum and vitreous of high myopia patients,and it correlated with ocular pathologies and visual outcomes.     

经皮椎弓根钉内固定治疗高龄患者腰椎退变性滑脱所致腰痛的临床研究

目的观察经皮椎弓根钉治疗高龄老人腰椎退变性滑脱所致腰痛的临床疗效。方法201O年4月～2013年8月28例腰椎退变性滑脱所致腰痛的高龄老人,采用经皮椎弓根钉内固定实施治疗,对比术前、术后1周、术后6个月视觉模拟评分（VAS）和功能障碍指数（ODI）,记录手术时间及术中出血量,评价临床疗效。结果本组28例患者,术前视觉模拟评分（VAS）为（7．61±1．22）分,功能障碍指数（OO!）为（53．12±3．32）分：采用经皮椎弓根钉内固定治疗,术后1周内均带护腰支具下地活动,下地后术前腰痛症状消失或明显缓解,术后2周伤口甲级愈合并拆线。术后1周VAS为（2．30±0．98）分,0DI为（7．64±1．23）分;平均手术时间130分钟,平均出血量110ml。所有患者均获得随访,随访时间6个月,随访时VAS为（2．12±1．33）分,ODI为（8．46±2．20）分。结论经皮椎弓根钉内固定治疗高龄老人腰椎退变性滑脱所致腰痛疗效确切。     

成人腰椎滑脱症手术治疗进展

腰椎滑脱症是临床上的常见病和多发病,主要症状为下腰部疼痛,可有间歇性跛行及神经根性痛等下肢神经症状,越来越多的患者正饱受其困扰。随着医学技术的不断发展,本病的手术治疗也在不断发展和完善,但其临床表现复杂,目前对其治疗方式的选择尚未达成统一的认识,其手术治疗方式的选择仍在争论和探索。本文对近年手术治疗腰椎滑脱症的相关文献资料进行回顾与总结。     

脊柱融合术后继发邻近节段退行性变的原因分析及治疗策略

目的探讨脊柱融合术后继发邻近节段退行性变的原因及治疗策略。方法对2000年12月~2005年12月所做的84例脊柱融合术及再手术患者进行随访,观察术后邻近节段的影像学改变及临床治疗效果,分析出现邻近节段退行性变的原因及治疗对策。结果84例随访18~78个月,平均(48±7.5)个月。30例出现邻近节段退变(35.7%),26例有影像学改变,其中再手术18例,再手术病例根据Stauffer-Coventry疗效评定:优3例(16.7%),良7例(38.9%),可4例(22.2%),差4例(22.2%)。结论脊柱融合术后会增加邻近节段退行性疾病的发生;采用恰当的治疗策略可预防和减少邻近节段退行性变的发生。     

Longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging of patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy following decompression surgery

Previous studies have reported the utility of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) as an imaging biomarker for the severity of myelopathy and subsequent surgical outcome in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM). We hypothesized that DTI may reflect neurological recovery following surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of DTI to assess the post-operative alteration of neural status in patients with DCM as well as to predict post-operative recovery. We enrolled 15 patients with DCM who underwent decompression surgery. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score was evaluated before and 1 year after surgery. The participants were examined using DTI on a 3.0 T magnetic resonance scanner before, and 1 year after surgery. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) were assessed for both time points. The correlations between the pre- and post-operative FA and MD values and the pre- and post-operative JOA scores were analyzed. Although the JOA score improved significantly after surgery from 8.9 to 12.3, there was no significant change between the pre- and post-operative FA and MD values. The post-operative outcomes after 1 year moderately correlated with the pre-operative FA values (Spearman’s ρ = 0.55, p = 0.03 and Spearman’s ρ = 0.56, p = 0.03 for change and recovery rate of the JOA score, respectively). However, there was no correlation between the post-operative FA and post-operative JOA scores nor between MD and clinical outcomes. DTI cannot be utilized as a biomarker for post-operative alterations of neural status of the spinal cord; however, pre-operative DTI may be useful as a predictor of surgical outcomes.