LcP、DHS和PFNA治疗股骨粗隆间骨折临床研究

目的 比较LCP、DHS和PFNA治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的治疗效果.方法 对我院2007年3月至2010年9月94例经LCP、DHS和PFNA治疗的股骨粗隆间骨折患者的手术时间、术中出血量、骨折临床愈合时间、术后并发症和髋关节功能评分等方面进行比较.结果 LCP组、DHS组和PFNA组的术中出血量分别为(341.9±95.2)ml、(462.3±124.8)ml和(190.8±45.6)ml,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).PFNA组的骨折愈合时间短于LCP组和DHS组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).三组手术时间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).PFNA组术后髋Sander's评分优良率为96.8％,优于其余两组(P＜0.05).PFNA组的并发症发生例数也少于其他两组.结论 应用PFNA治疗股骨粗隆间骨折,在术中出血量、骨折临床愈合时间等方面优于LCP组和DHS组.PFNA治疗股骨粗隆间骨折具有操作简便、切口小、出血少和固定牢靠等特点,值得临床推广使用.     

有限切开DHS内固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折38例

我科自2005年6月至2007年12月共收治股骨粗隆间骨折病人54例,其中38例采取有限切开DHS内固定治疗,疗效满意,现总结如下.     

不同手术方案在股骨转子间骨折并发同侧股骨颈骨折患者中的应用效果对比

目的 :研究Trigen髓内钉和动力髋螺钉两种内固定手术治疗股骨转子间骨折并发同侧股骨颈骨折的区别。方法 :选取2009年6月至2014年6月5年间来我院进行治疗的股骨转子间骨折并发同侧股骨颈骨折患者80例,按照随机数字表法分为髓内钉组40例和髋螺钉组40例。收集数据并进行统计学分析。结果 :髓内钉组术中出血量、术后并发症和术后负重时间均低于髋螺钉组,两组数据比较,差异明显,具有统计学意义。结论 :Trigen髓内钉术中情况良好,预后情况以及术后并发症情况均优于动力髋螺钉。     

DHS治疗62例中老年人股骨粗隆间骨折的临床分析

目的探讨动力髋螺钉（DHS）方法治疗中老年人股骨粗隆间骨折的临床效果。方法在C臂X光机引导下,运用DHS方法治疗中老年人股骨粗隆间骨折62例。随访6个月至3年,平均13个月。结果骨折愈合,关节功能恢复良好。优52例、良好7例、差3例、优良率95％。结论DHS治疗中老年人股骨粗隆间骨折固定牢靠,减少卧床时间,预防并发症,利于早期功能锻炼。     

DHS加张力带固定治疗股骨粗隆严重粉碎骨折

目的:观察DHS加张力带在肌骨粗隆间严重粉碎骨折中的治疗效果。方法:采用DHS加张力带固定肌骨粗隆间严重粉碎骨折治疗30例,观察手术时间、骨折愈合时间和术后恢复优良率。结果:本组病例手术时间、骨折愈合时间和术后恢复优良率较理想。结论:DHS加张力带内固定在股骨粉隆间严重粉碎骨折的治疗中具有手术时间短、操作简单、骨折愈合疗效满意、早期功能锻炼等优点。     

Filles ou garçons ? Préférences exprimées aux enquêtes démographiques de pays africains et sud-asiatiques

In this interview with Jean-Pierre Bouchard, demographers Michel Garenne and Nancy Stiegler explore sex-preferences for girls or for boys expressed by women who responded to DHS surveys in 29 African and 10 Asian countries. The IPUMS/DHS database was used for statistical analysis, bringing together 140 surveys and 2.5 million women aged 15–49. Overall, two-thirds of women were in favor of a balanced number of girls and boys or were indifferent to the composition of the family. In 20.8% of cases, they preferred to have more boys, and in 12.6% of cases they preferred to have more girls. These proportions vary considerably between countries, and were influenced by local culture, religion, level of education, household wealth, and to a small extent by urban residence. Sex preferences were also influenced by family composition. These preferences are likely to change rapidly over time. Among the countries analyzed, eight expressed preferences for more girls, all located in sub-Saharan Africa, and particularly in southern Africa. These preferences could have many consequences, demographic, psychological and social.     

Understanding factors associated with rural-urban disparities of stunting among under-five children in Rwanda: A decomposition analysis approach

Childhood stunting in its moderate and severe forms is a major global problem and an important indicator of child health. Rwanda has made progress in reducing the prevalence of stunting. However, the burden of stunting and its geographical disparities have precipitated the need to investigate its spatial clusters and attributable factors. Here, we assessed the determinants of under-5 stunting and mapped its prevalence to identify areas where interventions can be directed. Using three combined rounds of the nationally representative Rwanda Demographic and Health Surveys of 2010, 2015 and 2020, we employed the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition analysis and the hotspot and cluster analyses to quantify the contributions of key determinants of stunting. Overall, there was a 7.9% and 10.3% points reduction in moderate stunting among urban and rural areas, respectively, and a 2.8% and 8.3% points reduction in severe stunting in urban and rural areas, respectively. Child age, wealth index, maternal education and the number of antenatal care visits were key determinants for the reduction of moderate and severe stunting. Over time, persistent statistically significant hotspots for moderate and severe stunting were observed in Northern and Western parts of the country. There is a need for an adaptive scaling approach when implementing national nutritional interventions by targeting high-burden regions. Stunting hotspots in Western and Northern provinces underscore the need for coordinated subnational initiatives and strategies such as empowering the rural poor, enhancing antenatal health care, and improving maternal health and education levels to sustain the gains made in reducing childhood stunting.