A Reduction Technique of Arthroplasty Without Subtrochanteric Femoral Shortening Osteotomy for the Treatment of Developmental High Dislocation of Hip: A Case Series of 28 Hips

In total hip arthroplasty for the treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) with high hip dislocation, it can be technically challenging to locate the true acetabulum and restore limb length without subtrochantric femoral shortening osteotomy. We explored and described total hip arthroplasty without subtrochanteric femoral shortening osteotomy in 28 hips with Crowe type III and IV dislocation by intravenous injection of rocuronium at 0.9 mg/kg 1 minute before reduction and hip reduction combined with continuous strong traction of the affected limb with patients in a position with hip and knee flexion. All patients did not show dislocation, prosthesis loosening, and other severe complications. It is thus a safe and feasible reduction technique for arthroplasty of Crowe type III or IV dislocation of DDH.     

A review of environmental factors implicated in human developmental dysplasia of the hip

Purpose

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is common, and the term encompasses a spectrum of anatomical abnormalities of the hip in which the femoral head displaces from the acetabulum. These abnormalities may be congenital or develop during infancy and/or childhood. Neither the prenatal and postnatal factors that predispose to hip instability nor the determinants of its resolution or persistence are well characterised. A multifactorial pathogenesis of DDH is commonly accepted and identified risk factors include a family history, being first born, breech presentation, female gender, high birth weight and oligohydramnios 1. Further to genetic factors, a number of nutritional, hormonal and mechanical influences on ligament laxity have been hypothesised.

Methods

A comprehensive search was conducted using NICE Healthcare Databases Advanced Search and Google Scholar engines, and the terms “nutrition”, “environmental”, “risk factors”, “CDH” and “DDH”. Wherever possible, evidence from randomised controlled trials, systematic reviews and expert review articles published in the medical and veterinary literature was considered.

Results

The relationship between a number of hormones and biochemical markers of nutritional status and the development of DDH has been repeatedly hypothesised upon in the last 45 years. Of those most frequently cited are calcium, vitamins C and D, and relaxin hormone. The evidence for these potential risk factors is provided mainly by canine studies, with a paucity of consistent or strong evidence in humans.

Conclusions

DDH is common and remains a leading cause of hip osteoarthritis in young adults. Neonatal clinical screening programmes for this condition have been in practice since the 1950s, albeit with varying levels of sensitivity. This review summarises current understanding of some of the most frequently cited nongenetic hypothesised risk factors, the significance of which remain to be determined.     

全髋关节置换术治疗成人髋关节发育不良的疗效分析

目的评价全髋关节置换术（THA）在成人髋关节发育不良（DDH）患者中的疗效。方法对2007年2月至2011年10月在本组采用THA治疗成人DDH患者33例（36髋）的患者进行手术疗效分析,术前术后肢体长度测量、Harris髋关节功能评分,以及术后随访。结果截至随访终点,共30例（32髋）获得随访,随访0.5-4.0年,平均22个月。术前双侧肢体长度差别为0.5-4.0cm（平均2.8cm）,术后双侧肢体长度差别为0.0-1.0cm（平均0.25cm）。术前Harris评分平均为42（36-78分）,术后Harris评分平均为89分（78-95分）。结论通过松解延长、采用合适的人工关节假体使用THA治疗成人DDH患者的手术效果稳定,手术技术具有可重复性,能够获得满意的疗效。     

Bernese髋臼周围截骨术治疗青少年髋关节发育不良

目的 研究Bernese髋臼周围截骨术治疗青少年髋关节发育不良的临床效果.方法 选择2011年3月-2012年5月在安徽医科大学第一附属医院骨科四病区进行Bernese髋臼周围截骨术的11例青少年髋关节发育不良患者,其中男性5例,女性6例,平均年龄17.8岁（15～24岁）,左髋5例,右髋6例.所有患者既往均没有髋部手术史.术前平均Harris评分为69.4分（58～81分）,平均Wiberg CE角为-6.2°（-20°～15°）.Tonnis骨性关节炎分级6例处于0期,5例为Ⅰ期.所有Bernese髋臼周围截骨术均以改良S-P入路进行.结果 平均随访时间为16.4个月（10～22个月）,术后7例患者髋部疼痛消失,4例患者髋部疼痛明显好转.9例患者无跛行,2例患者有轻微跛行,但不影响正常步行.8例患者自觉症状明显好转,2例患者自觉症状好转,1例患者自觉症状无明显好转.术后平均Harris评分是90.5分（68～97分）,Wiberg CE角从平均-6.2°上升到 19.1°.术前11例患者的髋部Shenton线均不连接,术后有5例连接.术后截骨部均骨性愈合.Tonnis骨性关节炎分级均未进展.11髋中有4髋髋臼矫正不足,1例患者髋臼矫正过度.1例患者出现股外侧皮神经支配区轻度麻木,术后1个月内自行恢复.前5例患者在术后仍遗留有Ⅰ°半脱位,其中第一例患者在截骨过程中发生了骨盆环的断裂,但术后骨折愈合可,未影响关节功能及评分.未出现截骨进入关节内、骨折不愈合、股血管神经损伤、坐骨神经损伤及骨坏死发生.结论 Bernese髋臼周围截骨术治疗青少年髋关节发育不良可以取得良好的手术效果.     

Does THA Affect Sexual Dysfunction in Female Patients With DDH?

BackgroundSexual health, aside from reproduction, plays an important role in physical, intellectual, emotional and social facets of life. Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a chronic orthopedic disease that has negative physical, social, and mental/spiritual effects, and lowers quality of life. However, no studies exist in the literature that focus on sexual function and health in patients with DDH.MethodsThe preoperative and postoperative 6th month and 1st year sexual functions of women who underwent surgical treatment (total hip arthroplasty) for DDH (Crowe 1–4) (n:50) and their spouses (n:30) were evaluated with Arizona Sexual Experience scale (ASEX) questionnaire which evaluates sexual function in 5 categories such as desire, arousal, erection/lubrication, orgasm, and satisfaction.ResultsThe ASEX scores were 22.3 ± 3.5 preoperatively, 17.8 ± 2 at the 6th postoperative month, and 14.8 ± 1.3 at the 1st postoperative year. The decrease in the average score showed that sexual dysfunction existed in the preoperative period and sexual function was positively affected in the postoperative period over time. The ASEX scores of the patients younger than 35 in the postoperative 6th month had higher scores (P = .29). The sexual life of the husbands was not affected by the wives’ surgery, even though their spouses had a chronic condition causing functional difficulties.ConclusionThis study showed that the sexual life of women with DDH, who had been treated with total hip arthroplasty, was positively affected, whereas their husbands were unaffected. Further studies focusing on the effect of physiological and emotional factors, in addition to the surgical treatment, on sexual function are needed.     

Management of neonatal hip instability and dysplasia

The diagnosis and treatment of neonatal hip instability and dysplasia is controversial. Different countries have different algorithms and guidelines on which hips should be screened or treated. German speaking countries have introduced universal ultra sound hip screening programmes resulting in relatively high splintage rates in certain centres. Some Scandinavian centres have organised selective screening programmes with serial ultrasound observation of hip instabilities, leading to comparatively low splintage rates. Though most experts would treat clinical hip instability (confirmed by ultrasound evaluation), the natural history and epidemiology of dysplasia is less well understood. The treatment regimes for neonatal dysplasia are varied with wide differences in the rates of splintage. 'Late' dislocation may be secondary to prenatal dislocation (teratogenic), neonatal hip instability or to persistent major dysplasia of the hip. The term 'missed' dislocation should not be used as this suggests negligence on the part of the examiner, when this may not be the case. Which splint to use (rigid or dynamic), at what age, and for how long, are questions currently unresolved as no proper controlled trials have been undertaken. However, a sensible treatment algorithm can be advocated. Complications secondary to splintage are rare, though nerve damage, avascular necrosis of the hip, redislocation and skin problems have been described.     

MMP-3在DDH髋臼软骨中的表达及意义

目的测定发育性髋关节脱位(Developmental dislocation of the hip,DDH)髋臼软骨组织中基质金属蛋白酶-3(Matrix metalloproteinase-3,MMP-3)的表达和观察DDH髋臼软骨的形态学改变,探讨DDH髋臼软骨细胞中MMP-3的表达与髋臼软骨发育不良及退变关系。方法对30例DDH患儿和15例非DDH患儿标本分别进行HE染色和运用免疫组化链霉亲和素-生物素-过氧化物酶复合物法(Strep Avidin-Biotin-peroxidase complex,SABC)检测抗MMP-3蛋白多克隆抗体的表达。结果 DDH组关节软骨中的MMP-3表达比对照组显著增高,其中大年龄组髋臼软骨组织中MMP-3阳性率高于小年龄组,MMP-3表达强弱与年龄呈正相关,随年龄增大表达增强(P<0.01)。结论 DDH组髋臼软骨组织形态学观察有软骨细胞发育不良和退变现象,表明MMP-3与DDH患儿髋臼软骨发育不良及退变有密切关系,在DDH的病理发展过程中可能起重要作用。     

步态周期中髋关节软骨应力分布对弧形髋臼周围截骨手术的影响

目的 研究在完整步态周期受力环境下髋关节周围软骨的应力分布情况,探求弧形髋臼周围截骨术（curved periacetabular osteotomy, CPO）术中所截骨块的最佳矫正角度,为临床手术提供理论依据。方法 利用CT扫描获取1名髋关节发育不良（development dysplasia of hip, DDH）患者和1名健康志愿者骨盆及股骨近端DICOM数据,构建三维有限元模型。采用划分蒙罩的方法区分皮质骨和松质骨,并为有限元模型赋予材料属性。对DDH模型模拟CPO,调整外侧中心边缘角（lateral center edge angle, LCEA）和前方中心边缘角（anterior center edge angle, ACEA）,共得到100个不同的术后模型。根据完整步态周期中的髋关节受力情况为模型分别施加载荷,分析对比术前、术后和正常髋臼软骨的受力变化。结果 DDH模型模拟术后髋臼软骨在完整步态周期中脚跟落地相、开始单腿支撑相、单腿支撑中期相、单腿支撑结束相、双腿支撑相的最小接触应力峰值分别为5.273、6.128、7.463、6.347、6.582 MPa,分别比术前减少了2.159、2.724、2.249、2.164、2.119 MPa;术后头臼接触面积较术前明显增加,但仍小于正常志愿者。结论 利用有限元方法可以得到LCEA和ACEA的最佳矫正角度,对不同患者模拟CPO手术对提高手术精准度和手术效率具有重要意义。     

CT measurement of femoral anteversion angle in patients with unilateral developmental hip dysplasia: A comparative study between 2D and 3D techniques

Objective

To compare the accuracy of 2D and 3D CT measurements of femoral anteversion angle, in pediatric patients with developmental hip dysplasia.