血细胞髓过氧化物酶染色——吡啰红G-过氧化氢-碘化钾法及其应用

目的　为了使髓过氧化物酶 (MPO)染色快速准确、安全可靠 ,对Pereira碘化钾 (KI)MPO染色方法做了进一步改进。方法　采用吡红G(pyronineG)为显色剂取代Pereira原法中的Leishman染料 ,以加H2 O2 的方式显示MPO ,经正交试验确定了染色工作液中各试剂的最佳浓度及含量。结果　本法MPO阳性产物呈棕黄色至棕黑色颗粒状 ,细胞核为浅红色。与煌焦油蓝 KI法 (BCB KI)及Washburn联苯胺法比较 ,阳性率十分相近 ,差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　本法所显示的MPO阳性反应对比鲜明、易于判断 ,试剂稳定、保存时间长 ,操作简单、染色时间短 ,是理想的MPO染色方法     

氧化亚甲蓝-碘化钾法髓过氧化物酶快速染色及应用

目的:介绍一种安全稳定、快速可靠的髓过氧化物酶(MPO)染色新方法(氧化MB-KI法)。方法:采用亚甲蓝(Methylene blue)为显色剂取代Pereira原法中的Leishman's染料,并采用人工预先氧化亚甲蓝溶液的新方法,使其一步到位达到最佳氧化成熟程度,以后每次配制MPO染色工作液时不必加H2O2。结果:本法(氧化MB-KI法)MPO阳性产物呈棕黑色颗粒状,细胞核为蓝绿色。与Washburn联苯胺法比较,两者阳性率十分相近,差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结论:氧化MB-KI法所显示的MPO阳性反应对比鲜明、易于判断,避免了假阴性结果的发生。试剂安全、稳定可靠、易于配制、操作简单、染色时间短,是理想的MPO染色方法。     

Demonstration of vitamin B12 deficiency by a simple cytochemical reaction in the peripheral blood smear

Summary A simple, rapid and inexpensive cytochemical method for the detection of vitamin B 12 deficiency was applied in several types of anemias and matched with the levels of vitamin B 12 and folic acid in the serum of the patients. It was found that in patients with low vitamin B 12 levels the stained erythrocytes and the erythroid precursors showed a yellowish brown discoloration, which was not detected in folic acid deficiency and all other types of anemias. This test therefore may be used for differentiation between B 12 and folate deficiency whenever megaloblastic anemia is diagnosed.     

Cytochemical and electrophoretic characterisation of alpha naphthyl acetate esterases (ANAE) in acute myeloblastic leukaemia

Summary The alpha naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) cytochemical staining patterns were examined in 40 cases of acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML: FAB groups M1 and M2) classified by morphological and immunological criteria. The blast cells in most cases (62%) were ANAE-negative with the remainder showing diffuse, granular or focal reactions of varying intensity. The nature of cytoplasmic ANAE enzymes was further characterised in 20 cases by isoelectrophoretic analysis of ANAE isoenzymes. The results suggest that the presence of significant cytoplasmic ANAE reactivity in leukaemic myeloblasts is not due to the presence of monocyte-associated isoenzymes, in otherwise well-defined myeloblasts, but may reflect abnormally increased synthesis or atypical localisation of normally-occuring ANAE isoenzymes. In particular, the results of this study indicate the lack of discriminatory value of ANAE cytochemistry in the differentiation of AML from other acute leukaemias of non-monocytic type.     

Autoradiographic localization of carbonic anhydrase in the developing chorioallantoic membrane

Summary Carbonic anhydrase was localized in the chorioallantoic membrane with labeled inhibitor autoradiography of ³H-acetazolamide at 11, 14 and 19 days of incubation.At 11 days carbonic anhydrase was present in low amounts only in the undifferentiated ectoderm cells. At 14 and 19 days, the enzyme was found in increased amounts in all three germ layers of the chorioallantois.In the chorionic ectoderm the villous cavity cells contained the highest level of carbonic anhydrase. This finding lends support to the theory of H⁺ production to solubilize the CaCO₃ of the egg shell. Sinus covering cells showed a considerably lower concentration of the enzyme than did villous cavity cells. Carbonic anhydrase in these cells may be multifunctional, assisting in calcium transport, subserving HCO _- ³ transport from egg shell to blood, and supporting gaseous exchange.In the allantoic endoderm carbonic anhydrase was found in granule-rich cells and might be involved in the transport of Na⁺ and Cl^- ions from allantoic fluid into the blood. The enzyme in the undifferentiated endoderm cells may have a respiratory function.In the mesoderm carbonic anhydrase was detected in the endothelium and pericytes of blood vessels where it is interpreted to support respiratory function.     

Acute eosinophilic leukemia: characterization by cytochemistry,chromosomal analysis,and in vitro colony formation

Summary A pericentric inversion of chromosome 16 and acute myelomonocytic leukemia [AMMoL, M4 French-American-British (FAB)] with abnormal bone marrow eosinophils has recently been shown to form a new cytogenetic-clinicopathological entity. A patient otherwise undistinguishable from the more typical cases but lacking the FAB criteria for AMMoL is described. In such a situation, in vitro colony formation closely resembling that of acute myoblastic leukemia together with the clinical, morphological, cytochemical, and cytogenetic characteristics reported might serve as an indicator that these patients run an acute course justifying a diagnosis of acute eosinophilic leukemia and immediate institution of aggressive chemotherapy. The importance of the in vitro growth pattern regarding the differential diagnosis of disorders associated with predominant proliferation of eosinophils is discussed.Abkürzung sverzeichnis BFU-E burst forming unit-erythroid - CFU-C colony forming unit-culture - CFU-GEMM colony forming unit giving rise to mixed colonies with granulocytic, erythroid, macrophage, and megakaryocytic elements - FCS fetal calf serum - MNC mononuclear cells - HPCM human placental conditioned medium - CFC colony-forming cells - FAB French-American-British - AMMoL acute myelomonocytic leukemia - AML acute myoblastic leukemia     

子宫内膜雌激素受体的细胞化学电镜研究

用作者自行设计的标记配体(雌激素-辣根过氧化物酶-胶体金)与标本中的雌激素受体结合,在电镜下观察标记复合物的分布,进行定量、定位分析。共观察了正常增生期内膜10例,腺癌内膜6例。结果发现,细胞浆与细胞核内均存在游离雌激素受体(ER),细胞核内密度高于细胞浆内,“二步机制”不能解释此结果。我们认为,在雌激素作用过程中,浆受体与核受体共同起作用。本文结果又表明,内膜间质细胞和腺细胞的ER 含量与分布情况无显著差异,进一步支持了子宫内膜周期变化和出血机制中的“间质理论”。     

Human odontoblasts contain S-100 protein-like immunoreactivity

S-100 protein is a group of three closely related isoforms (S-100ao, S-100a, and S-100b). This protein was first described as unique to the nervous system but it has also been identified subsequently in a variety of cell types of neuroectodermal (i. e., melanocytes, glial cells) and non-neuroectodermal origin (i. e., Langerhans cells, adipocytes, chondrocytes). In the present investigation the presence of S-100 protein was studied in human odontoblasts using a specific polyclonal antibody directed against S-100 protein in immunoperoxidase labelling experiments. The S-100 protein was detected in the cytoplasm of odontoblasts. This result suggests that S-100 protein can play a role in odontoblast functions.     

小鼠胸腺皮质酸性对硝基酚磷酸酶的细胞化学定位

采用Miyayama法,用CeCl_3代替Pb(NO_3)_2作为捕获剂,对小鼠胸腺皮质的酸性对硝基酚磷酸酶进行了细胞化学定位。该酶活性主要见于上皮网状细胞和部分胸腺细胞的质膜及上皮网状细胞、巨噬细胞和胸腺细胞的溶酶体和空泡内,还见于巨噬细胞高尔基区颗粒内。本文就该酶在胸腺皮质存在的意义进行了讨论。     

MDS骨髓活检组织的超微病理及细胞化学的研究

对28例骨髓增生异常综合征（MDS）患者骨髓活检组织的超微病理及细胞化学研究。结果表明：1．骨髓各细胞系增生异常，活俭比涂片更能获得正确估计。2．同期发育的幼红细胞岛（ALIP）及巨核细胞生成发育异常对MDS诊断、预后及转化有密切的关系。3．血小板过氧化物酶（PPO）对小巨核细胞的鉴别及对巨核细胞的增生、发育异常的正确估价有价值。4．髓过氧化物酶（MPO）对识别ALIP有肯定意义。5．骨髓活检及细胞化学联合分析对MDS的诊断优于骨髓涂片，并优于任何一种方法的单独使用。