能谱CT评估非小细胞肺癌经皮氩氦刀冷冻消融术疗效

目的 探索能谱CT成像对非小细胞肺癌氩氦刀冷冻消融术疗效评估的应用价值。方法 收集接受CT引导下氩氦刀冷冻消融术的非小细胞肺癌患者23例(30次),于术前及术后(1~3个月)行GSI模式增强CT扫描,测量/计算手术前后病灶最大面积(S)、最大径(L)、强化区最大径(LE)、中心区和边缘区CT均值及碘含量均值变化率;分析WHO、RECIST、mRECIST标准及CTm-rec、Im-rec标准下,完全缓解(CR)、部分缓解(PR)、情况稳定(SD)、病情进展(PD),有效(CR+PR)、无效(SD+PD)患者的1年期生存率及整体生存期(OS)差异。结果 WHO、RECIST、mRECIST及CTm-rec标准下,1年期生存率随疗效变差而下降。RECIST标准下PR、SD、PD患者的OS差异有统计学意义(P=0.02);RECIST、mRECIST标准下SD与PD患者、CTm-rec标准下PR与PD患者、Im-rec标准下PR与SD患者的OS差异均有统计学意义(P=0.01、0.04、0.03、0.03)。CTm-rec及Im-rec标准下有效与无效患者的OS差异有统计学意义(P=0.04、0.03)。结论 Im-rec标准更敏感,CTm-rec标准可对术后病灶复发进行预测。能谱CT多参数联合应用有助于对非小细胞肺癌氩氦刀冷冻消融术后疗效的早期、全面评估。     

Short-term Safety and Efficiency of Cryoablation for Renal Sympathetic Denervation in a Swine Model

Background:

Renal sympathetic nerves are involved in the reflective activation of the sympathetic nervous system in circulatory control. Catheter-based renal denervation (RDN) ameliorated treatment-resistant hypertension safely, but 10%–20% of treated patients are nonresponders to radiofrequency denervation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety and efficiency of cryoablation for sympathetic denervation in a swine model and to explore a new way of RDN.

Methods:

Seven swines randomly assigned to two groups: Renal cryoablation (CR) group and control group. The control group underwent renal angiogram only. The CR group underwent renal angiogram plus bilateral renal cryoablation. Renal angiograms via femoral were performed before denervation, after denervation and prior to the sacrifice to access the diameter of renal arterial and the pressure of aorta abdominalis. Euthanasia of the swine was performed on 28-day to access norepinephrine (NE) changes of the renal cortex and the changes of renal nerves.

Results:

Cryoablation did not induce severe complications at any time point. There was no significant change in diameter of renal artery. CR reduced systolic blood pressure (BP) from 145.50 ± 9.95 mmHg at baseline to 119.00 ± 14.09 mmHg. There was a slight but insignificant decrease in diastolic BP. The main nerve changes at 28-day consisted of necrosis with perineurial fibrosis at the site of CR exposure in conjunction with the nerve vacuolation. Compared with the control group, renal tissue NE of CR group decreased by 89.85%.

Conclusions:

Percutaneous catheter-based cryoablation of the renal artery is safe. CR could effectively reduce NE storing in the renal cortex, and the efficiency could be maintained 28-day at least.     

新一代冷冻球囊能提高冷冻消融治疗心房颤动的远期疗效

目的探讨新一代冷冻球囊能否提高冷冻消融治疗心房颤动（简称房颤）的远期疗效。方法回顾性分析2012年1月至2013年6月序贯接受冷冻球囊消融治疗的房颤患者的介入治疗与术后门诊随访资料。根据术中使用球囊类型不同将患者分为第一代（G1）组和第二代（G2）组。术后3个月后的规律门诊随访中如有房颤或心房扑动或房性心动过速复发的心电学证据则判定为冷冻消融治疗失败。术前经胸超声测量左房前后径。结果共105例患者纳入研究,其中G1组57例,G2组48例。G2组术中即刻肺静脉隔离成功率高于G1组[98．7％（150／152）VS94．6％（174／184）,P=0．0429]。G2组不同肺静脉最低冷冻温度均明显低于G1组（P〈0．01）,冷冻消融时间[30（16,44）minVS35（25,55）min,P〈0．0001]、手术时间[105（75,145）minVS120（80,190）min,P=0．0056]、X线曝光时间[17（13,28）minVS20（13,32）min,P=0．0470]均明显低于G1组。G1组1例发生心包积液,G2组4例（8．3％）发生手术相关主并发症（2例膈神经麻痹,2例短暂性脑缺血发作）。在平均13（5,20）个月随访期内73例完成随访,46例维持窦性心律。G2组冷冻消融术后成功率明显高于G1组[89．3％（25／28）VS46．7％（21／45）,P=0．0002]。生存分析亦证实G2组成功率高于G1组（Log—Rank=5．0238,P=0．0250）。复发患者左房内径较大[（48±7）mmVS（44±6）mm,P=0．0079J。Logistic回归分析显示采用新球囊[RR=9．524（2．511,36．121）,P=0．0009]与冷冻消融成功率提高独立相关。结论采用新一代冷冻球囊冷冻消融治疗房颤不仅能够缩短术中冷冻标测和消融时间,提高即刻肺静脉隔离成功率,还能提高远期随访成功率,但是在早期应用中主并发症发生率稍高。     

超声引导下经皮微波消融与冷冻消融治疗高风险部位肝癌的对照研究

目的：比较超声引导下经皮微波消融与冷冻消融治疗高风险部位肝癌的临床结局及术后并发症,并分析影响预后和术后复发的因素。 方法：选取2014年4月至2018年3月广州复大肿瘤医院收治的120例高风险部位肝癌患者,其中64例接受微波消融治疗（微波组）,56例接受冷冻消融治疗（冷冻组）。比较两组的治疗结局,主要包括生存、复发及术后并发症。用Cox回归模型分析预后和术后复发的影响因素。 结果：微波消融组1、3、5年总生存率分别为85.8%、63.5%、63.5%,冷冻消融组为92.0%、87.4%、74.9%,两组差异无统计学意义（P=0.141）。微波消融组1、3、5年无复发生存率分别为77.8%、49.0%、49.0%,冷冻消融组分别为81.4%、58.5%、46.8%,两组差异无统计学意义（P=0.469）。微波消融组的3、6、9、12个月的局部进展率分别为3.1%、6.3%、9.4%、15.9%,高于冷冻消融组（分别为0%、0%、3.7%、19.0%）,差异有统计学意义（P=0.003）。微波组的主要和次要并发症发生率（分别为6.3%、82.8%）均高于冷冻组（分别为0%、32.1%）,差异有统计学意义。年龄≥65岁,直径3~5 cm及Child-Pugh分级B级是肝癌术后预后较差的危险因素;直径3~5 cm、多个肿瘤以及多次消融是消融术后复发的危险因素。 结论：冷冻消融治疗高风险部位的肝癌具有与微波消融接近的生存结局,但具有更好的局部肿瘤控制率及更少的并发症,适合在临床中推广应用。     

Platelet activation and myocardial necrosis in patients undergoing radiofrequency and cryoablation of isthmus-dependent atrial flutter.

AIMS: Lower platelet activation by cryoenergy compared with radiofrequency (RF) energy was recently demonstrated immediately following ablation procedures of cardiac arrhythmias. Due to the delayed occurrence of cryolesions it is currently unknown, if cryoenergy and RF energy are associated with similar platelet activation and myocardial necrosis in the days after the procedure. METHODS AND RESULTS: We enrolled 38 patients with common atrial flutter undergoing cavotricuspid isthmus ablation with either RF energy (n = 23) or cryoenergy (n = 13). Ten patients undergoing RF ablation and receiving aspirin served as antiplatelet control group. Troponin T and platelet surface protein expression of P-selectin were determined before and immediately after ablation as well as on day 1 and 2 thereafter. Rise in troponin T was amplified after RF ablation (0.50 +/- 0.37 microg/L) when compared with cryoablation (0.24 +/- 0.20 microg/L; P = 0.024). In patients without aspirin, a significant increase in P-selectin expression was observed on day 1 after intervention in RF ablation compared with cryoablation (80 +/- 26 vs. 63 +/- 16 arbitrary units; P = 0.048). Platelet activation was attenuated in patients receiving aspirin. CONCLUSION: Successful ablation of atrial flutter with cryoenergy is associated with less myocardial necrosis and platelet activation compared with ablation with RF energy. Increased platelet activation following RF ablation can be attenuated by concomitant treatment with aspirin.     

氩氦刀冷冻治疗前列腺癌的手术配合

目的总结在经直肠超声引导下,氩氦刀冷冻治疗前列腺癌的手术配合及护理体会。方法对12例氩氦刀超低温冷冻治疗前列腺癌术的术前访视、用物准备和术中护理配合进行回顾性分析。结果 12例手术均顺利完成。手术时间90-120min,术中顺利,术后均安全返回病房。结论术前做好针对老年患者的访视,充分的手术用物准备,合理安置手术体位,术中配合,熟练掌握温度控制及手术步骤,避免损伤尿道、直肠,是确保氩氦刀冷冻治疗前列腺癌手术成功的关键。     

Cryoablation for liver metastasis from solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas: A case report

BACKGROUND Solid pseudopapillary tumor(SPT) of the pancreas is a rare pancreatic tumor and 10% to 15% of cases are associated with metastasis. Cryoablation is a new method that can induce tumor necrosis, and treatment of tumors by cryoablation can cause anti-tumor immune responses.CASE SUMMARY A 16-year-old woman with SPT of the pancreas developed liver metastases 5.3 years after complete resection of the primary pancreatic tumor. She was admitted with chief complaints of abdominal pain in the upper abdomen and a weight loss of approximately 5 kg over 4 mo. Carbohydrate antigen(CA) 125,carcinoembryonic antigen, and CA 199 were normal. An abdominal computed tomography scan found multiple nodules in the right lobe of the liver that measured approximately 13.5 cm × 10.8 cm × 21.4 cm. Immunohistochemical staining results showed that CD10 and CD56 were positive, and the patient was diagnosed with SPT of the pancreas with liver metastasis. The patient underwent percutaneous cryoablation and interventional embolization. During the 5-year follow-up, the patient remained disease-free after cryoablation, with relatively normal immune function.CONCLUSION Herein, we for the first time report the treatment of liver metastasis from SPT of the pancreas using cryoablation plus interventional embolization, which could be a promising alternative therapy for pancreatic SPT liver metastasis.     

房室结折返性心动过速冷冻消融的粘附现象

目的研究冷冻粘附现象的特点。方法总结38例经导管冷冻消融慢径的房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)的病例,在-30℃下冷冻标测,确认有效靶点后降温至-75℃冷冻消融,手术过程中观察冷冻导管与靶点粘附时的特点,记录粘附时导管末端的温度,从开始降温到发生粘附所需时间,冷冻仪液态N2O的流量、压力参数。结果冷冻导管与靶点发生粘附的最高温度为-16.2±1.8℃,最低温度为-21.4±1.8℃,平均温度为-18.5±1.6℃,从降温到粘附所需时间平均为22.2±4.8s,粘附时冷冻导管内液体N2O流量为14.9±1.1ml/min,压力为678.6±23.8帕/平方英寸;在冷冻标测和消融过程中,消融导管与靶点粘附稳定,未发生移位;全部38例冷冻消融均获成功,未发生永久性房室传导阻滞,随访1～30个月无复发。结论冷冻粘附可使导管与靶点接触稳定,增加消融的有效性和安全性,冷冻消融是治疗AVNRT的有效方法。