肿瘤患者代谢综合征及其组分异常的患病现况研究

2017年12月至2018年12月,在天津医科大学总医院健康管理中心定期健康体检的3 509名研究对象中,曾罹患肿瘤、罹患慢病和健康对照三组分别有399、1 555、1 555名。年龄为（55.87±11.98）岁,男性占31.38%。慢病组MS患病率（42.44%）高于曾罹患肿瘤组（34.59%）和健康对照组（18....     

中国9个长寿地区65岁及以上人群氧化应激水平与高甘油三酯血症的关联研究

目的探讨我国长寿地区65岁及以上老年人氧化应激水平与高甘油三酯血症的关系。方法研究对象来源于2017-2018年“老年健康生物标志物队列研究”,最终将我国9个长寿地区2393名65岁及以上老年人群纳入研究。通过问卷调查和体格检测,收集调查对象的人口学特征、生活方式及健康状况等信息,同时采集调查对象的静脉血以检测丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及甘油三酯水平。采用限制性立方样条拟合多重线性回归模型分析MDA、SOD与甘油三酯的关联,采用广义线性混合效应模型分析氧化应激与高甘油三酯血症的关联。结果2393例调查对象年龄为(84.6±11.3)岁,最小65岁,最大112岁;男性1145名(47.9%);甘油三酯水平为(1.4±0.8)mmol/L,高甘油三酯血症检出率为9.99%(239名)。限制性立方样条拟合多重线性回归模型分析结果显示,MDA水平与甘油三酯水平呈线性关联;SOD水平与与甘油三酯水平呈非线性关联。广义线性混合效应模型分析结果显示,调整相关混杂因素后,MDA每升高1 nmol/ml,高甘油三酯血症检出风险增加[OR(95%CI)值为1.063(1.046,1.081)];SOD每升高1 U/ml,高甘油三酯血症检出风险降低[OR(95%CI)值分别为0.986(0.983,0.989)]。结论我国9个长寿地区65岁及以上老年人MDA和SOD水平与高甘油三酯血症发生风险有关联。     

中国9个长寿地区65岁及以上人群血铅浓度与认知功能受损的关联研究

目的探讨65岁及以上人群血铅水平与认知功能受损的关联。方法研究对象来自2017-2018年在我国9个长寿地区开展的“老年健康生物标志物队列研究”,最终将1684名血铅和认知功能数据完整的65岁及以上人群纳入本研究。通过问卷调查和体格检测,收集调查对象的人口学特征、生活方式、健康状况及认知功能评分等信息;同时采集调查对象的静脉血以检测血铅水平。根据血铅水平的四分位数将调查对象分为4组(Q₁-Q₄组),采用多因素logistic回归模型分析血铅浓度与认知功能受损的关系,采用限制性三次样条检验血铅浓度与认知受损之间是否存在非线性关联。结果1684名研究对象年龄为(83.1±11.1)岁,其中女性843名(50.1%);认知功能受损者191名(11.3%)。调整相关混杂因素后,老年人血铅浓度每升高10μg/L,认知功能受损患病风险OR(95%CI)值为1.05(1.01~1.10);与血铅浓度Q1组老年人相比,血铅浓度较高者认知功能受损的患病风险较高,Q₂,Q₃,Q₄组的OR(95%CI)值分别为1.19(0.69~2.05)、1.45(0.84~2.51)和1.92(1.13~3.27)。结论我国9个长寿地区65岁及以上老年人血铅水平与认知功能受损患病风险存在关联。     

居民可承受商业健康保险市场空间与覆盖领域——基于四川数据的案例分析

目的:通过对基本医疗的理论界定确定基本医疗保险和商业医疗保险覆盖范围,通过测算可承受的医疗费用标准,估算四川省可承受的商业保险费用总额方法:居民经济承受能力与医疗负担均衡模型,y₁=a₂+b₁/(x+c₁),y₂=a₂-b₂/(x+c₂),居民商业健康保险费用空间估算模型。结果:基本医疗卫生服务和非基本医疗服务界定可由居民经济承受能力,需求层次和技术的适宜性等属性区分;四川省有63%的人群具有购买商业保险的能力,可能具有的市场空间为1810亿元结论:相对现有百亿级的商业健康保险市场,四川省商业健康保险市场空间巨大,拓展这一市场的策略是做好特需服务领域和高新技术服务领域的保险产品设计。     

苏州市流动人口吸烟行为及烟草危害认知现况调查

目的 了解苏州市流动人口吸烟行为及对烟草危害认知现况,为苏州市制定控烟措施提供科学依据.方法 在苏州市全域,采用PPS抽样方法共抽取1800名流动人口进行调查.调查问卷采用《江苏省成人烟草流行调查》,采取面对面PAD调查.应用SPSS 22.0软件进行数据分析.结果 2019年苏州市流动人口现在吸烟率为23.07％,每...     

豫南农村地区青少年校园暴力状况及其与性取向的关联分析

目的 了解豫南农村地区青少年校园暴力状况及性取向对其的影响,为豫南农村地区青少年校园暴力和身心健康干预提供借鉴。方法 采用分层整群抽样的方法2019年在豫南农村地区对4214名青少年进行问卷调查。结果 豫南农村地区青少年遭受校园暴力的比例为50.65%。在不同年级、性别、父亲学历、母亲学历、学习成绩、性取向方面学生遭受校园暴力的比例相比较,差异均有统计学意义（〖XC小五号.EPS;P〗值分别为21.56、101.65、8.78、9.34、11.94、18.54,P＜0.01）。多因素logistic回归分析表明,同性恋（OR值为1.52,95%CI为1.01~2.28）、双性恋（OR值为1.69,95%CI为1.27~2.22）与青少年遭受校园暴力呈现正相关关系（P＜0.05或0.01）。结论 豫南农村地区青少年校园暴力状况不容乐观,应采取有效干预措施进行暴力行为的干预和引导,同时教导青少年理性面对同性恋或双性恋群体,减少或避免校园暴力的发生。     

Ischemic stroke in Morocco: Prehospital delay and associated factors

ObjectivesThis study aimed to estimate prehospital delay and to identify the factors associated with the late arrival of patients with ischemic stroke at the Souss Massa Regional Hospital Center in Morocco.Patients and methodsAn observational, prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2019 to September 2019 in the Souss Massa regional hospital center, which is a public hospital structure. A questionnaire was administered to patients with ischemic stroke and to bystanders (family or others), while clinical and paraclinical data were collected from medical records. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the factors associated with delayed arrival at emergency department.ResultsA total of 197 patients and 197 bystanders who fulfilled the criteria for the study were included. The median time from symptom onset to hospital arrival was 6 hours (IQR, 4–16). Multiple regression analysis showed that illiteracy (OR 38.58; CI_95%: 3.40–437.27), waiting for symptoms to disappear (patient behavior) (OR 11.24; CI_95%: 1.57–80.45), deciding to go directly to the hospital (patient behavior) (OR 0.07; CI_95%: 0.01–0.57), bystander's knowledge that stroke is a disease requiring urgent care within a limited therapeutic window (OR 0.005; CI_95%: 0.00–0.36), and direct admission without reference (OR 0.005; CI_95%: 0.00–0.07), were independently associated with late arrival (> 4.5 hours) of patients with acute ischemic stroke. In addition, illiteracy (OR 24.62; CI_95%: 4.37–138.69), vertigo and disturbance of balance or coordination (OR 0.14; CI_95%: 0.03–0.73), the relative's knowledge that stroke is a disease requiring urgent care and within a limited therapeutic window (OR 0.03; CI_95%: 0.00–0.22), calling for an ambulance (relative's behavior) (OR 0.16; CI_95%: 0.03–0.80), distance between 50 and 100 km (OR 10.16; CI_95%: 1.16–89.33), and direct admission without reference (OR 0.03; CI_95%: 0.00–0.14), were independently associated with late arrival (> 6 hours) of patients with acute ischemic stroke.ConclusionPatient behavior, bystander knowledge and direct admission to the competent hospital for stroke care are modifiable factors potentially useful for reducing onset-to-door time, and thereby increasing the implementation rates of acute stroke therapies.     

Marginal,Low, and Very-Low Food Security among Children Are Associated with Intake of Select Dietary Factors during Summer

BackgroundSchool meals are associated with improved food security status and dietary intake. Children receiving free and reduced-price school meals lose access to these meals during the summer. The association between food security status and dietary intake in these children during summer is unclear.ObjectiveTo examine the association between food security status (high, marginal, low, and very-low food security) among children and intake of select dietary factors during summer in children certified for free and reduced-price school meals by age group (3 to 4 years, 5 to 8 years, 9 to 12 years, and 13 to 17 years).DesignCross-sectional analysis.Participants/settingSecondary data from 11,873 children aged 3 to 17 years in the control group of the US Department of Agriculture Summer Electronic Benefit Transfer for Children Demonstration Project.Main outcome measuresConsumption of total fruits and vegetables; fruits and vegetables, excluding fried potatoes; whole grains; added sugars; added sugars, excluding cereals; added sugars from sugar-sweetened beverages; and dairy products assessed using questions from the 2009-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Multifactor Diet Screener.Statistical analysisMultiple linear regression.ResultsFor the majority of age groups, marginal food security, low food security, and very-low food security were associated with lower fruit and vegetable consumption and low food security and very-low food security were associated with lower dairy consumption, with children from households with very-low food security having the lowest consumption. Children from households with very-low food security consumed 0.73 (95% CI –0.93 to –0.53) to 0.99 (95% CI –1.59 to –0.39) cup equivalents less per day of fruits and vegetables and 0.49 (95% CI –0.65 to –0.34) to 0.68 (95% CI –1.07 to –0.29) cup equivalents less per day of dairy compared with children from households experiencing high food security.ConclusionsLower food security was associated with reduced consumption of fruits and vegetables and dairy products during summer in children from low-income households.     

湖南省基层地区肿瘤规范化诊治及康复医疗的现状及改善措施

恶性肿瘤是一个全球性的公共卫生问题,其发病率逐年上升,病死率居高不下。目前,湖南省恶性肿瘤的发病率和死亡率与全国基本一致,但肿瘤防治存在两个薄弱环节,一是肿瘤治疗水平的地区差异大,基层城乡肿瘤规范化诊治的实施情况不尽人意,专科医疗技术水平低;二是湖南省肿瘤康复治疗处于相对空白的领域,缺乏专业的医护人才。因此,湖南省肿瘤医院（中南大学湘雅医学院附属肿瘤医院）从全省肿瘤诊治的薄弱环节入手,采用了多种方法从不同的方面完善基层城乡医院的肿瘤规范化诊治,提高其肿瘤诊治水平,并填补其肿瘤康复医疗的空白,为肿瘤患者提供更多的及时、有效的帮助和便利。本文主要对湖南省基层地区肿瘤规范化诊治及康复医疗的现状及具体的改善措施进行了综述。     

中国12个城市中心城区步行道设置情况调查

目的 了解中国12个城市中心城区步行道配备、维护情况及其与城市经济水平、区域居住密度和街道繁荣程度间的关联。方法 以北京、天津、上海、青岛、杭州、绍兴、苏州、南通、镇江、成都、西宁、哈尔滨共12个城市的54个中心城区333个调查点内所有的道路为调查对象,于2012年采用观察法调查道路两侧步行道的配备及维护情况。结果 共有4 255条路段纳入分析,其中有71.1%的路段配有步行道。12个城市中配备步行道的路段比例最高的城市为青岛（91.9%）和哈尔滨（90.6%）,最低的是苏州（48.6%）和绍兴（52.6%）。12个城市在步行道配备及维护各方面差异均有统计学意义,高经济水平城市的步行道配备和路面维护情况较好、阻碍较少,但步行道隔离连续性较差、划线停车较多。相比低居住密度区域,高居住密度区域的步行道隔离连续性较差、步行道较窄,同时划线停车和阻碍较多。道路繁荣度越高,步行道配备和步行道宽度的情况越好,但隔离连续性、路面维护状况越差,划线停车和阻碍也更多。结论 12个城市步行道配备及维护状况差异具有统计学意义,12个城市步行道的配备情况还存在进一步改善的空间。建议在进行城市道路规划时,结合当地人口密度和实际的交通需求,合理配备步行道;同时加强城市管理,减少步行道上的阻碍。