超声子宫输卵管造影中近端输卵管“梗阻”的方法学研究

目的：探讨超声子宫输卵管造影中近端输卵管“梗阻”方法的可行性。方法选取2011年1月～2014年1月本院妇产科就诊的疑患不孕症患者175例,按完全随机分组方法将患者分成A、B、C、D共4个组。四组按不同方法进行造影。结果各组输卵管显示情况比较,近端梗阻率A组最高,为30.12%,B组为22.99%,C组为17.05%,D组最低为10.00%,四组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。远端梗阻四组比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论经阴道超声子宫输卵管造影对输卵管是否通畅判断准确,而且其有一定治疗作用。     

Pulmonary Ultrasound and Diaphragmatic Shortening Fraction Combined Analysis for Extubation-Failure-Prediction in Critical Care Patients

Introduction

Invasive respiratory support is a cornerstone of Critical Care Medicine, however, protocols for withdrawal of mechanical ventilation are still far from perfect. Failure to extubation occurs in up to 20% of patients, despite a successful spontaneous breathing trial (SBT).

闭合性桡骨远端骨折手法复位小夹板固定临床路径的病例对照研究

目的:探讨以手法复位小夹板固定治疗闭合性桡骨远端骨折在保证临床疗效的基础上,缩短治疗时间,减轻患者医疗费用,创建中医优势病种门诊诊疗的临床路径。方法:自2007年7月至2009年12月,共200例患者,年龄40～80岁,分为提前拆除小夹板组(CP治疗组)和常规治疗组,各100例。CP治疗组男21例,女79例;年龄(62.98±0.85)岁;常规治疗组男20例,女80例;年龄(63.19±0.88)岁。均采用手法复位小夹板固定后,常规治疗组30d拆除小夹板,CP治疗组在第25天拆除小夹板,两组定期摄X线片复查及内服中药(早期口服玄胡片、创伤宁片,中期口服归香正骨丸,后期口服双龙接骨丸)至骨折临床愈合,拆除夹板后指导功能锻炼。患者在治疗中评定复位情况,了解骨位,采用Gartland-Werley腕关节评分标准评估腕关节功能,进行疗效观察。结果:CP治疗组患者的实际治疗时间从原来的(30.08±3.06)d下降到(25.06±1.07)d,治疗费用由(2100.00±332.12)元下降到(1644.00±125.20)元。两组在复位、腕关节功能恢复方面比较差异无统计学意义,说明中医门诊治疗的疗效可以保证。结论:在中医骨科门诊实施临床路径后,促进了诊疗行为的规范化及治疗时间的缩短,为广大病患减轻了医疗经济负担,值得推广应用。     

Variation in extubation failure rates after neonatal congenital heart surgery across Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care Consortium hospitals

Objective

In a multicenter cohort of neonates recovering from cardiac surgery, we sought to describe the epidemiology of extubation failure and its variability across centers, identify risk factors, and determine its impact on outcomes.

伤口呈色显影用于预测重症肢体缺血患者血管腔内治疗后溃疡愈合的价值初探

目的 探讨伤口呈色显影预测重症肢体缺血患者血运重建术后溃疡愈合的价值.方法 回顾性分析上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院血管外科2011年6月1日-2014年6月30日收治成功实施Angiosome概念指导腔内血运重建的重症肢体缺血的缺血性溃疡患者临床资料.根据血管腔内血运重建术后伤口呈色显影情况分组,其中伤口呈色(+)组109例,伤口呈色(-)组64例,分别比较患者保肢率,溃疡愈合时间的差异,试分析其作为重症肢体缺血的缺血性溃疡愈合预测因子的价值.采用SPSS 19.0软件进行统计学分析.正态分布计量资料以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,两组比较采用t检验.计数资料以频数和百分比表示,两组比较采用Pearson x2检验或Fisher确切概率法.结果 纳入研究患者共173例(173条患肢),两组患者年龄、性别比例、吸烟史、冠心病、糖尿病、慢性肾功能不全、术前踝肱指数、术后踝肱指数差异均无统计学意义,溃疡愈合时间:伤口呈色(+)组(3.9±1.9)个月低于伤口呈色(-)组(7.9±2.6)个月,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).累积保肢率:伤口呈色(+)组(90.2％)高于伤口呈色(-)组(78.0％),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).通过Logistic回归分析,校正年龄、性别、吸烟史、高血压异常等因素后,伤口呈色(-)(OR=4.5,P＜0.05)、IRc(间接血供有侧支)血运重建(OR =2.6,P＜0.05)均是溃疡难愈合的独立危险因素.结论 伤口呈色显影阳性显示足部循环较好,可以作为重症肢体缺血的缺血性溃疡愈合的预测因子,而伤口呈色显影阴性是溃疡难愈合的独立危险因素.     

The need for maternal critical care education,point-of-care ultrasound and critical care echocardiography in obstetric anesthesiologists training

Globally, the increase in medically complex obstetric patients is challenging the educational approach and clinical management of critically ill obstetric patients. This increase in medical complexity calls into question the educational paradigm in which future physicians are trained. Obstetric anesthesiologists, physician experts in the perio-perative planning and management of complex obstetric patients, represent an essential workforce in the strategies to address maternal mortality. Unfortunately, the development of peri-operative medicine and maternal critical care curricula has only received minor attention in most countries.Proposed guidelines and models highlight the existing need for tiered maternity care services in which critical care infrastructure plays a central role in the delivery of high-risk peripartum care. Therefore, the development of maternal critical care models designed to prepare obstetric anesthesiologists for the clinical challenges of a medically complex patient are warranted. Key critical care topics such as advanced ultrasonography, with the inclusion of quantitative echocardiographic assessments into obstetric anesthesiology educational curricula, will serve to better prepare physicians for the realities of an increasingly complex pregnant patient population, and further reinforce the critical care infrastructure detailed in the Levels of Maternal Care consensus.Despite an increasingly complex obstetric patient population, heterogeneity of maternal critical care practices exists across the globe, warranting standardization and further development of proposed curricula.     

临床路径用于胆囊结石腹腔镜胆囊切除术单病种质量控制的研究

目的:研究临床路径用于胆囊结石患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术单病种质量控制的情况。方法:通过文献检索与临床实践,了解并评价临床路径用于胆囊结石腹腔镜胆囊切除术的质量控制效果。结果:实施临床路径能较好地规范医疗行为,缩短平均住院时间,降低医疗费用,并能保证医疗质量,提高患者满意度。结论:临床路径是一种科学的效益型医疗质量管理模式,值得进一步探讨和研究。