Incidence of tuberculous and non-tuberculous mycobacteria,differentiated by multiplex PCR,in clinical specimens of a large general hospital

OBJECTIVE:

To determine the incidence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and non-tuberculous mycobacterial isolates in the routine setting of a large general hospital using an "in-house" multiplex polymerase chain reaction method and to establish a paradigm for the definitive identification of mycobacteria isolated using semi-automated equipment.

METHODS:

Established tests, including polymerase chain reaction restriction enzyme analysis, PNB, and NAP inhibition tests as the gold standard, showed 100% agreement with an IS6110/hsp65 multiplex polymerase chain reaction when used to identify stock strains (n = 117).

RESULTS:

In a subsequent study, 8,790 clinical specimens producing 476 isolates were evaluated with multiplex PCR and also showed 100% agreement in identification using PRA-polymerase chain reaction as the gold standard. The application of this technique to routine analysis was demonstrated in this study. A method was established with the initial application of multiplex PCR for all positive liquid cultures and the subsequent identification of non-tuberculous mycobacteria by polymerase chain reaction restriction enzyme analysis. In total, 77% of isolates belonged to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, and 23% were non-tuberculous mycobacteria.

CONCLUSIONS:

Several non-tuberculous mycobacterial species were identified, primarily M. avium, but other potentially pathogenic species were also frequently observed, including M. fortuitum, M. abscessus, and M. kansasii. The expeditious communication of these data to the clinical staff was fundamental for the diagnosis of clinical cases. Even in settings where tuberculosis is of major importance, the incidence of non-tuberculous mycobacteria infection is substantial.     

从中枢重塑阐述原发性耳鸣发病及治疗机制

原发性耳鸣的发病机制与多个脑网络中不同脑区的神经可塑性改变密切相关.由于长期异常信号的输入,细胞膜发生变化,突触活动发生改变,造成神经敏感性改变,逐渐引起中枢神经元的重塑.视觉网络、听觉网络、默认网络的各个脑区的中枢可塑性改变可能是耳鸣形成和维持的原因.西医、中医、中西医结合治疗均可改变各脑网络中不同脑区的神经兴奋性与...     

医学图像可视化及加速技术的研究进展和趋势****☆

摘要：近年来图像可视化技术蓬勃发展,相应的各种加速算法也层出不穷,本文将尝试就此内容进行综述和概括。首先介绍可视化技术的两大分支——面绘制和体绘制的含义和主要特点;其次详细介绍体绘制技术中一些典型算法的基本原理及各自特点;然后分别从软件和硬件角度归纳体绘制技术中常用的加速技术;最后展望医学图像可视化及加速技术的发展趋势。     

纳米刀消融术治疗局部晚期不可切除胰腺癌安全性及疗效评价

目的:评估纳米刀消融术治疗局部晚期不可切除胰腺癌的临床价值。方法:对2015年9月—2016年3月18例局部晚期不可手术切除胰腺癌患者行纳米刀消融术治疗,比较分析患者治疗前后临床资料。结果:所有患者手术均顺利完成,术中各项生命体征平稳。患者术后第1天血清淀粉酶浓度明显升高(P0.05),随后逐渐降至正常水平;术后CA19-9水平呈逐渐降低趋势,且各时间点均低于术前水平(均P0.05);心肌酶指标手术前后无明显改变(均P0.05)。术后3个月内发生胰腺炎2例(11%)、低血糖、高血糖、胃排空障碍各1例(5%),对症治疗后均较快恢复,无胰瘘、出血、胆瘘等治疗相关并发症发生。患者术后生活质量评分及KPS评分均较治疗前明显改善(均P0.05)。按EORTC标准,术后完全代谢缓解2例(11%),部分代谢缓解10例(55%),代谢无变化3例(17%),代谢恶化3例(17%),客观有效率为67%,疾病控制率为83%。结论:纳米刀消融术治疗局部晚期不可切除胰腺癌安全性高,疗效显著,应用前景广泛。     

腹部手术后急性非结石性胆囊炎诊治策略

目的对腹部手术之后急性非结石性胆囊炎的诱因、临床症状和相关治疗措施进行研究。 方法回顾性分析2012年1月至2017年1月20例腹部手术后急性非结石性胆囊炎的病历资料。 结果只有2例表现出上腹轻压痛,还没有出现腹膜炎的相关体征,超声提示胆囊壁水肿状况一般,胆囊附近没有积液,行抗炎、纠正微循环保守治疗后好转。7例患者因年龄较大、病情危重,暂行经皮经肝胆囊穿刺置管引流术(PTGD),其中1例因引流效果不佳,开腹行胆囊切除;1例因并发感染性休克、呼吸衰竭死亡;其余5例病情稳定后3月均行腹腔镜胆囊切除术。11例患者均直接行胆囊切除术,其中行开腹手术3例,腹腔镜手术8例,因腹腔粘连严重中转开腹3例。2例患者因怀疑有胆总管穿孔可能,加胆总管探查T管引流术。 结论腹部手术之后出现急性非结石性胆囊炎是由多种诱因共同作用的结果,易于与原发疾病的并发症相混淆,出现误诊或者漏诊,且急性非结石性胆囊炎可诱发多器官功能衰竭,故及早发现、及早诊断并根据患者的耐受情况选择合理的手术切除是最佳治疗手段。     

Clinical Guideline for Microwave Ablation of Bone Tumors in Extremities

Microwave ablation has been used to treat bone tumors in extremities for more than 30 years. With improved recognition, updated microwave equipment, and expanded clinical application, microwave ablation has recently been widely used to treat bone tumors. To standardize the application of microwave ablation in the clinical treatment of bone tumors in the limbs, research results and clinical experience involving the use of microwave ablation to treat bone tumors in the limbs have been summarized, and a clinical guideline has been designed. This guideline is aimed at providing a reliable clinical basis for indications, preoperative evaluation and decision‐making, perioperative treatment, complications, and other issues via evidence‐based medicine. Two aspects are considered—percutaneous microwave ablation and intraoperative microwave ablation of bone tumors in extremities. Ultimately, the guideline is intended to standardize treatment and improve the clinical efficacy of microwave ablation of bone tumors in extremities.     

美容医学生物-心理-社会学模式的理论分析与临床实践系统设计

目的 探索建立美容医学生物-心理-社会学模式的理论框架和新型临床实践系统,以利该学科的进步和发展.方法 临床观察、归类分析生物学模式下美容医学的矛盾与学科特殊性,依托现代医学模式理论进行逻辑论证、理论衍生和系统设计.结果 建立了理论与实践统一的美容医学的生物-心理-社会学模式概念、理论构成与临床实践系统.结论 生物-心...     

Myocardial scintigraphy — 25 years after start

The development of myocardial scintigraphy (MS) reflects the clinical success of a representative procedure in nuclear medicine. Radiopharmaceuticals for visualizing vital and damaged myocardium and techniques (planar-qualitative, planar-quantitative, SPECT-qualitative — quantitative with comparative sensitivities) are briefly reviewed with the main focus on their clinical application in coronary (CHD) and noncoronary heart disease, where recent literature from the United States and Europe is considered. The limited value of MS for screening of CHD is outlined and its present and future role in detecting asymptomatic (silent) ischemia/infarction and asymptomatic patients at professional risk is stressed. The present state of MS in coronary heart disease is discussed for single and multivessel disease, previous infarction, and risk stratification (myocardial washout, pulmonary uptake, ischemic dilation, absent heart sign), reflecting the importance of the procedure in exercise-induced ischemia as well as in ischemia at rest for prognostication of the natural and therapeutic course, i.e., therapy control (angioplasty, bypass, lysis, cardiac drugs). More marginal but upcoming clinical indications are mentioned, such as progressive systemic sclerosis, cardiac transplantation, pediatric cardiology, and problems of nephrology/urology. The normal values and the impact of digital radiology and of contrast cardiography are touched upon. Preliminary cases with ¹¹¹In-antimyosin and ^99mTc-Isonitriles are presented including correlative results between global ejection fraction determination according to gated ^99mTc-isonitrile and conventional ^99mTc-erythrocyte ventriculogram (r=0,75; n=10).Dedicated to Prof. Heinz Hundeshagen on the occasion of his 60th birthday     

Oncoplastic Surgery in Breast-Conserving Treatment: Patient Profile and Impact on Quality of Life

BackgroundBreast-conserving treatment (BCT) provides better quality of life (QL) than mastectomy without reconstruction. Oncoplastic surgery (OS) encompasses a series of surgical techniques, increasing the indications for BCT, but few studies have evaluated the impact on QL in patients who undergo BCT with OS.Materials and MethodsA prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in women who underwent BCT. We evaluated the characteristics of patients who underwent BCT with and without OS and the associated QL. QL was assessed through the EORTC QLQ-30, EORTC QLQ-BR23, and Breast Cancer Treatment Outcome Scale (BCTOS) questionnaires.ResultsA total of 300 patients underwent BCT, 72 underwent breast OS, and 37 underwent bilateral surgery. Patients who underwent OS were younger (p = 0.004), had a higher level of education (p = 0.01), had a smaller time interval since the end of treatment (p = 0.02), had tumours with greater dimensions (p = 0.003), and were more likely to receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy (p = 0.05). Based on the QL questionnaires, no difference was observed between the groups. Breast symmetry was not associated with high patient satisfaction (p = 0.55).ConclusionDespite the fact that OS was performed in patients with worse tumour conditions and in more demanding patients, OS allowed similar cosmetic results to classical BCT.