Prevalence and estimated incidence of Toxoplasma infection among pregnant women in Poland: a decreasing trend in the younger population

This study investigated the prevalence of specific Toxoplasma gondii IgG in pregnancy, the incidence of congenital toxoplasmosis and the prevalence trend of T. gondii infection among pregnant Polish women between 1998 and 2003. The study population comprised 4916 women who were admitted to the Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute in Łódź. Their sera were tested for specific IgG and IgM antibodies to T. gondii, and the incidence of T. gondii infection was calculated from the increase in prevalence rates of IgG antibodies in various age groups. Specific IgG antibody was found in 41.3% (95% CI 39.9–42.7) of pregnant women, and the prevalence of IgG increased with age. The linear trend was significant (p <0.001), with an annual seroconversion rate of 0.7% (95% CI 0.004–0.010). The risk of primary infection was estimated to be 0.5% for 9 months, i.e., an incidence of 5/1000 pregnancies. Assuming a 30% maternofetal transmission rate, 1.5/1000 neonates were infected in utero. Seroprevalence during the 6-year study period decreased from 45.4% in 1998 to 39.4% in 2003, with a yearly decline in prevalence of 1.0% (p 0.02). The most important contributory factor to this decline was the group of women aged 19–29 years, among whom seroprevalence decreased significantly (p 0.007). Specific IgM was found in 244 (4.9%) women.     

先天性心脏病导管介入治疗对小儿生长发育和内分泌功能的影响

目的　了解先天性心脏病 (CHD)导管介入治疗对患儿生长发育和内分泌功能的影响。方法　测定 4 2例CHD患儿导管介入治疗前后的身高、体重和三碘甲状腺原氨酸 (T3)、甲状腺素 (T4 )、促甲状腺素 (TSH)、生长激素(HGH)。结果　治疗前后身高、体重的增长速度明显改善 ,而T3、T4、TSH、HGH无明显改变。结论　导管介入治疗能明显改善先心病患儿生长发育而不会影响患儿的内分泌功能     

Integrated home monitoring predicts lead failure in a pacemaker dependent 4-year-old girl.

A 4-year-old girl with post-surgical complete atrioventricular block received an epicardial dual chamber pacemaker system. During further growth intermittent exit block occurred, first misinterpreted as neurological seizures. The epicardial lead was replaced using a transvenous approach, and a pacemaker with an integrated home monitoring facility was implanted. After her discharge, a rise in the pacing threshold automatically initiated an event message. On the basis of this information, the patient was called in and imminent dislodgement of the ventricular lead was diagnosed by x-ray. The lead was repositioned and was found stable over 1-year follow-up.     

Staged surgical repair of functional single ventricle in infants with unobstructed pulmonary blood flow

Objective: The infant with a functional single ventricle (SV) and unobstructed pulmonary blood flow (UPBF) requires early protection of the pulmonary vascular bed to ensure suitability for a subsequent Fontan procedure. Systemic obstruction by aortic arch obstruction, subaortic stenosis, or combination of both, has been widely recognized as an important risk factor for poor outcome in children with SV–UPBF who are palliated with pulmonary artery banding (PAB). We reviewed our experience with primary PAB in the subset of patients with SV–UPBF to identify risk factors for subsequent palliative procedures and Fontan completion. Methods: Between January 1990 and May 2004, 80 patients (median age, 14 days) with functional SV and UPBF underwent PAB as their primary palliative procedure. Thirty-five neonates had concomitant aortic coarctation or interrupted aortic arch repair (44%). A Damus–Kaye–Stansel procedure was subsequently performed in 19 patients, and subaortic resection or ventricular septal defect or bulboventricular foramen enlargement was performed in five. Results: There were 4 operative deaths, and 15 late deaths. The actuarial overall survival is 84% at 1 year, 76% at 5 and 15 years. Follow-up is complete in all but six children at a mean interval of 4.9±3.7 years (range, 2 months–15 years). Thirty-seven patients (49%; 37 of 76) have undergone the hemi-Fontan procedure (with three hospital deaths) and 40 patients (53%; 40 of 76; 12 children without previous hemi-Fontan) have undergone the completion Fontan procedure without mortality or Fontan takedown. Conclusion: In infants with single ventricle physiology with or without systemic outflow obstruction and unobstructed pulmonary blood flow, a strategy of pulmonary artery banding carries acceptable operative and mid-term mortality in a high-risk group of patients. Pulmonary artery banding does not compromise performance of subsequent Damus–Kaye–Stansel procedure or completion Fontan palliation.     

多普勒超声心动图测量肺血管阻力

目的:探讨多普勒超声心动图无创测量肺血管阻力(PVR)的方法。方法:采用多普勒超声技术检测22例正常儿童(对照组)和50例经右心导管检查的先心病患儿(病例组)的三尖瓣最大反流速度(TRV)、右室流出道血流速度时间积分(VTIRVOT)、肺动脉瓣最大反流速度(PIV)、肺动脉血流速度时间积分(VTIPA),计算TRV/VTIRVOT值、TRV/VTIPA值及PIV/VTIPA值,比较两组的差异,并将病例组TRV/VTIRVOT值、TRV/VTIPA值及PIV/VTIPA值与导管所测的PVR进行相关与回归分析。结果:对照组与病例组的TRV/VTIRVOT、PIV/VTIPA及TRV/VTIPA值差异有显著性意义(P<0.05),且病例组的PIV/VTIPA值和TRV/VTIPA值与心导管所测PVR值间呈高度正相关(r=0.896,0.847,P<0.05);当PIV/VTIPA>1.069或TRV/VTIPA>1.407时,提示PVR>2 Wood单位。结论:多普勒超声技术可以比较准确地估测肺血管阻力。     

腹腔镜下幽门环肌切开术治疗小儿先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄50例报告

目的总结腹腔镜下幽门环肌切开术治疗小儿先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄的成功经验.方法2001年4月～2004年4月,应用腹腔镜下幽门环肌切开术治疗小儿先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄50例,年龄12～90 d,平均35 d.分别在左、右上腹各置入3 mm trocar,左侧trocar置入无损伤抓钳夹近幽门处胃壁,右侧trocar先后置入伸缩式幽门肌切开刀、剥离器和幽门分离钳,完成幽门环肌切开术.结果腹腔镜下完成手术48例,中转开腹2例,其中1例为术中发现幽门前瓣膜症,1例为幽门黏膜损伤,经开腹修补痊愈.手术时间15～45 min,平均25 min.术后6 h拔胃管,开始喂奶.3～5 d出院.42例术后随访3～6个月,平均4.5月,生长发育均恢复正常.结论丰富的开腹手术经验、熟练的腹腔镜操作技术、术中良好的麻醉和合适的手术器械是完成腹腔镜下幽门环肌切开术的保障.     

Aplasia cutis congenita of the scalp with large underlying skull defect: a case report

Localised agenesis of the scalp is the most frequent patern in aplasia cutis congenita (ACC), a congenital absence of the skin and occasionally of deeper layers. Several clinical groups are characterised by the location and pattern of skin defects, associated malformations and the mode of inheritance. Death occurs in 20% of cases, secondary to the associated anomalies, to infections or to haemorrhage from ulceration of the sagittal sinus when there is also a defect of the underlying skull. In this latter case, we close the defect by two rotational scalp flaps (Orticochea technique) at birth. A three-dimensional CT study is useful for showing the extent of the skull defect and the deformity of the craniofacial complex and the changes in the bone after treatment.     

Medullary sponge kidneys and unilateral Wilms tumour in a child with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome

The occurrence of a Wilms tumour in a 4-year-old girl with bilateral medullary sponge kidney, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and congenital hemihypertrophy demonstrates the close relationship between these disorders. Another six cases from the literature with congenital hemihypertrophy and with medullary sponge kidney are discussed, two of them also developed intra-abdominal neoplasm.     

心导纳微分环,肺导纳微分环最大向量正常值及其临床意义

本文报道３－５０岁２１４例心导纳微分环（ＣＡＤＬ）和肺导纳微分环（ＰＡＤＬ）最大向量振幅及方位正常值，结果随增龄变化振幅递减，方位递增，多数男＞女，部分组间有差异。４８例左向右分流先心病环体最大向量与肺动脉压之间呈平行关系，并探讨其临床意义。