中长跑和芭蕾舞运动中胫骨应力骨折的比较

胫骨应力骨折（ＳＦ）在芭蕾舞和中长跑运动员中均有一定发病率，作者调查某部新兵２６５人每日５０００米跑步，其胫骨应力骨折病发率为１１．６８％（３１／２６５人），骨折部位多在胫骨中段中后侧。芭蕾舞演员胫骨应力骨折病发率为８％（１５／６０人），骨折部位在胫骨下段前侧。应用新鲜尸体标本作负荷下胫骨多处的应变测定模拟跑步和足跟垫高模仿芭蕾舞时下肢负重位置的应变变化，分别于胫骨中段后侧测得有高压应力和胫骨下段前方有高张应力，此结果与调查中Ｘ线片病变部位相符。作者认为不同的运动使负重时胫骨所处姿势各不相同，而造成胫骨最大应力集中点位置各异，是造成芭蕾舞运动和中长跑运动中应力骨折部位不同的主要原因，预防和治疗工作应根据各自的应力性质和集中点部位来进行防治。     

MR appearance of parasymphyseal insufficiency fractures of the os pubis

 Objective. To clarify the MRI features of parasymphyseal insufficiency fractures of the os pubis. Design and patients. MRI was performed in four postmenopausal women with parasymphyseal insufficiency fractures. The diagnosis was confirmed with plain films in every patient. T1-weighted and T2-weighted images were obtained in four patients using a 1.5-T unit. Postcontrast T1-weighted imaging was also done in three patients. Results and conclusions. MRI of pubic parasymphyseal insufficiency fracture characteristically demonstrates a hyperintense mass lesion with a hypointense rim on T2-weighted imaging, showing peripheral and septal enhancement after contrast administration. It is important to have this entity in mind in patients with osteoporosis, especially in patients with a history of pelvic irradiation for malignant disease, so as not to misinterpret it as a chondroid tumor or bone metastasis.     

Enchondroma of the hand – clinical evaluation of diagnosis, surgical treatment, and outcome

Summary Enchondroma are benign cartilaginous tumors and are localized most often at the site of the phalanges. Between 1982 and 1993 73 patients with monostotic enchondroma and 5 patients with polyostotic enchondroma were operated at our clinic. Clinical signs of monostotic tumors were pathological fracture (38.4 %), pain or swelling. Eleven percent of cases were accidental findings. Surgical treatment was performed by complete removal of the tumors and filling the bone cavity with autologous spongiosa taken from the pelvic bones, the elbow, or the radius. Three patients (4.1 %) had to be operated a second time due to wound infections and hematoma. In one case Sudeck's dystrophy was diagnosed. One patient (1.4 %) developed a recurrent tumor. Our follow-up examination of 65 patients showed that 77 % of the patients with monostotic enchondroma achieve very good or good functional long-term results after this operation, but only 40 % of the patients with polyostotic enchondroma.      

Grose-Kempf 带锁髓内钉在股骨干骨折中的应用

作者从１９８８～１９９５年末用Ｇｒｏｓｅ－ｋｅｍｐｆ钉（简称ＧＫ钉）治疗股骨干骨折４９例（５０个股骨），其中新鲜骨折２９例（３０个股骨），陈旧性骨折１６例，病理骨折４例。外伤性骨折４５例中，随访半年以上４３例，骨折全部愈合，下肢功能及关节活动良好。４例病理骨折，其中３例术后分别存活１６个月、１８个月、２４个月，另１例为成骨不全，术后患肢功能较健侧无差别。ＧＫ钉扩大了髓内钉手术适应证，可用于股骨干的粉碎性骨折、多发性骨折、陈旧性骨折不愈合及病理性骨折。对于合并脑干损伤、血管损伤、骨筋膜室综合征的股骨干骨折，用ＧＫ钉固定，获得了理想的治疗效果。     

OUTCOME AFTER FRACTURES OF THE FEMUR IN PAGET'S DISEASE

We reviewed ninety-three patients who had one hundred and seven complete fractures of the femur between them and were treated over a twenty-five year period in Western Australia and South Australia. Operative surgical management of complete fractures in the middle and distal thirds was usually successful. In contrast, fractures proximal to the middle third were regularly associated with non-union, implant failure and requirement for revision surgery. In view of this significant difference in outcome after fracture of the pagetic femur in different sites, a comprehensive surgical management strategy is recommended in order to avoid complications.     

C型臂X线机引导下经皮双侧骶髂拉力螺钉固定治疗骶骨H形骨折

目的探讨骶骨H形骨折可行的治疗方法。方法运用C型臂X线机引导下经皮双侧骶髂拉力螺钉固定治疗骶骨H形骨折15例。结果15例患者均获随访，随访时间7—34个月，骨折临床愈合时间3～5个月，术后均未留下明显行走障碍，下蹲等活动接近正常。结论在C型臂X线机精确引导下，经皮双侧骶髂拉力螺钉固定技术能有效地固定骶骨H形骨折中的垂直骨折，纠正骨盆垂直方向移位，操作简洁安全，疗效可靠。     

The difficult primary hip

Hip arthroplasty is a common orthopaedic procedure with proven long-term success and reliable results. A wide range of associated conditions may affect the outcome of the arthroplasty and the surgeon has to keep these in mind when planning the surgery. In this article, such situations are discussed and recommendations are drawn from the evidence available in literature.     

跟骨骨折的手术治疗

目的 探讨跟骨骨折手术治疗方法。方法 采用外侧切口，通过跟骨外侧骨皮质开门．将骨折复位后植骨．重建钢板螺钉内固定术．治疗24例（26足)。结果 术后均获5～32个月随访，按门振武等评分际准．优17例，良5例，差2例．结论 严重跟骨骨折手术治疗效果较满意。     

胫腓骨下段开放性粉碎骨折的治疗(附20例临床报告)

目的探讨胫腓骨下段开放性粉碎骨折的综合治疗。方法20例胫腓骨下段开放性粉碎骨折采用半环槽式外固定器固定、皮瓣转移、腓骨内移、骨折端加压并同期行上干骺端骨延长等综合治疗方法。结果伤口均一期愈合，所有皮瓣均成活，骨折临床愈合平均时间19周，7例因严重骨缺损经骨折端加压并同期行上干骺端骨延长后肢体均恢复正常长度。无1例针眼感染和血管、神经损伤。临床优良率为90％(18／20)。结论a)半环槽外固定器能克服胫腓骨下段开放性粉碎骨折的治疗困难，具有立体均衡固定。刚性可调，避免肢体受压。便于再次创面处理以及同期行骨折端加压和肢体延长等优点。b)半环槽式外固定器结合皮瓣转移、腓骨内移以及骨折端加压并同期行上干骺端骨延长等综合治疗方法是胫腓骨下段开放性粉碎骨折可选择的较好治疗措施之一。     

Is dietary counselling effective in increasing dietary calcium,protein and energy intake in patients with osteoporotic fractures? A randomized controlled clinical trial

To determine the feasibility of increasing the calcium, protein and calorie intake of osteoporotic fracture patients by repeated dietary counselling delivered by a dietitian, a randomized controlled trial was conducted. Among 189 patients presenting with osteoporotic fractures to an Orthopaedics and Traumatology Department of a large regional hospital, 98 patients were randomized to the intervention group and 91 were randomized to the control group (with usual care). Intervention group received three sessions of dietary counselling with tailored made recommendations over a period of 4 months, while the control group only received dietary assessment and pamphlets on the prevention of osteoporosis. Almost all subjects in both intervention and control groups had calcium intake below the recommended level of 1000 mg at baseline. Half and 60% of subjects in both groups had total energy and protein intake below recommended levels respectively. The mean weights of control and intervention groups at baseline were 51.5 and 50.9 kg respectively, while the body mass index (BMI) were 22.6 (kg m(-2)) and 22.6 (kg m(-2)) respectively. After dietary intervention, significant increase of intake was seen in calcium intake (P = 0.0095 by t-test) in the intervention group. No significant increase was seen in protein or calorie intake. No significant change was observed in the body weight or BMI although there was a positive trend in the intervention group for all these parameters. We concluded that there was general malnutrition in Chinese elderly who presented with osteoporotic fractures. Dietary calcium could be increased by repeated professional dietary counselling. Future studies with longer duration and more objective clinical outcomes will be helpful to further demonstrate the long-term effects of dietary intervention on osteoporosis and other chronic diseases.