活体顺序性荧光标记技术在实验性骨折愈合研究中的应用

目的介绍实验性骨折愈合研究中活体顺序性荧光标记的技术与方法。方法以成年兔胫骨骨折外固定为模型，术后分别以Tetracydin(TC，黄色，25mg／kg)、Calcein(CG，绿色，10mg／kg)、Xylenal(XO，桔色，90mg／kg)、Alizarin—complen(AE，红色，30mg／kg)四种荧光染料于兔颈部皮下定期注射；并于术后第3、6、12及24周活杀动物，解剖出胫骨，梯度乙醇脱水、脱脂，甲基丙烯酸甲脂包埋，切片厚度40～100μm，打磨，荧光显微镜下观察、摄像；同时通过组织学观察、X线摄片了解骨愈合速度与质量。结果顺序性荧光标记显示，加压组中钙化的内、外骨痴均于术后第2周出现于截骨处的远、近断端，但尚未形成骨性连接。亦无骨皮质的改建。外骨痴增生停止于术后12周，且骨皮质的改建至12周已渐减少．至术后24周已基本完成；对照组：内骨痴于术后第3周出现于截骨处远、近断端，无钙化的外骨痴形成，亦无骨皮质的改建；外骨痂增生停止于术后12周，骨皮质改建至24周尚未完成，其结果与组织学观察、X线摄片具有一致性。结论活体顺序性荧光标记技术可以从细胞水平判断新骨的开始时间、骨生长速度及生长方向，并能节约实验动物数量，是实验性骨折愈合研究中较为理想的研究手段。     

肱骨髁间骨折的手术治疗及疗效评价

目的 探讨肱骨髁间骨折的手术方式并评价疗效。方法 1998年1月～2004年12月共手术治疗肱骨髁间骨折28例，进行随访分析。结果 28例中26例获随访，时间6个月～4年7个月，其中22例获2年以上随访。疗效评价参照casse‰。评分系统，优良率为65％。结论 骨折类型及手术方式直接影响预后。关节良好的复位和牢固的固定，以及术后早期积极的功能锻炼是得到良好疗效的保证。     

内固定和人工关节置换治疗老年人股骨颈骨折的临床疗效观察

目的比较人工关节置换术与AO加压空心螺钉术治疗老年人有移位股骨颈骨折的疗效。方法将1995年5月～2004年11月我院收治的78例年龄在65周岁以上的有移位的新鲜股骨颈骨折患者进行回顾性研究，将病例分为A、B两组，A组为人工关节置换组，B组为AO加压空心螺钉治疗组。AO加压空心螺钉治疗组（内固定组）随访12～91个月，平均41．7个月，随访人工关节置换组12～96个月，平均40．3个月。结果按Harris评分标准，A组术后优良率达到82．9％；B组内固定组优良率57．1％。术后远期并发症的发生率A组为19．5％；B组为42．9％。结论人工关节置换术和A0加压空心螺钉均是治疗老年股骨颈骨折的有效方法，但人工关节置换术可提高老年人的生活质量，减低术后并发症的发生率，所以人工关节置换的效果优于AO加压空心螺钉。     

Surgical treatment of complex tibial plateau fractures by closed reduction and external fixation. A review of 32 consecutive cases operated

Abstract Complex tibial plateau fractures are a challenge in trauma surgery. In these fractures it is necessary to anatomically reduce the articular part of the fracture and to obtain stable fixation. The aim of this study is to review the results of a surgical technique consisting of fluoroscopic closed reduction and combined percutaneous internal and external fixation. Thirty-two complex tibial plateau fractures in 32 patients were included. Twenty-one fractures were closed, 4 were open Gustilo grade I, 3 were Gustilo grade II and 4 were Gustilo grade III. The mean age was 37.8 years (range 21–64 years). Surgery was performed with patients in transcalcaneal traction and the knee flexed at 30° was used. Through a 1-cm incision centred over the tibial metaphysis of the tibia, a 3.2-mm hole was drilled in the antero-medial tibial aspect. The tibial plateau fracture fragments were elevated using either 1 or 2 curved Kirschner wires under fluoroscopy to control the reduction. Then the fragments were fixed with 2 cannulated AO screws inserted through small incisions into the medial aspect of the tibial plateau. Knee rehabilitation started postoperatively. Weight bearing started after 8–12 weeks depending upon the radiographic appearance. All external fixators were removed in outpatient facilities. All patients were clinically and radiographically evaluated at a mean follow-up of 48 months (range 38–57 months). Clinical results were evaluated according to the Knee Society clinical score. Average healing time was 24 weeks (range 18–29 weeks). In 1 patient a non-union occurred. This patient was treated with open reduction and plate fixation. In 2 patients a varus knee deformity occurred and a surgical correction was performed. There were no surgical complications. Mean knee range of motion was 105° (range 75–125°) and mean Knee Society clinical score was 89. Twenty-five results were scored as excellent, 4 good, 2 fair and 1 poor. Using this technique there is limited soft tissue damage and virtually no periosteum damage to the fracture fragments. However anatomical reconstruction of the joint can be obtained. Furthermore knee rehabilitation can be started immediately after surgery. We think that these factors were responsible for the optimal clinical long-term results.     

导航在长骨干骨折髓内钉固定中的应用

目的阐述透视导航技术在长骨干(股骨和胫骨)骨折,特别是在术中远端交锁髓内钉固定中的应用。探索在导航条件下术中应用髓内钉图像库开展远端交锁固定的可行性。此外,医用机器人的开发旨在被进一步用来改善手术程序的精确性。方法导航手术下,55例行股骨远端交锁钉固定和36例行胫骨远端交锁钉固定。其中13例术中应用图像库开展远端交锁固定。结果远端交锁固定成功率为97%。结论透视导航在长骨干骨折术中,使远端髓内交锁钉固定成功率增高。图像库的应用可以进一步减少患者和手术人员的X线辐射剂量。     

经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折

[目的]观察经皮椎体成形术（PVP）治疗疼痛性高龄骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折的临床疗效。[方法]在C臂X线透视监控下，以骨水泥（PMMA）为充填材料，经单侧或双侧椎弓根穿刺行PVP治疗6例、脊柱后凸成行术治疗2例。[结果]术中无骨水泥渗漏，术后患者疼痛明显缓解或消失，无1例出现严重并发症。[结论]PVP治疗疼痛性高龄骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折是安全、有效、经济的。     

Simultaneous Bilateral Tibial Tuberosity Avulsions—Over 6-Year Follow-up

Abstract Simultaneous bilateral avulsions of the tibial tuberosity are rare injuries. The authors found only five reported cases in the orthopedic literature. We add a further case of bilateral avulsions of the tibial tuberosity with the longest reported follow-up.     

Development of the Qualeffo–31, an osteoporosis-specific quality-of-life questionnaire

Introduction Vertebral deformities are a common consequence of osteoporosis and are known to decrease quality of life. The Qualeffo–41 is a quality-of-life questionnaire especially developed for measuring quality of life in patients with vertebral deformities. It consists of 41 questions arranged in five domains: pain, physical function, social function, general health perception, and mental function. The objectives of this study were: (1) to develop a shorter version of the Qualeffo–41 by removing redundant questions; and (2) to investigate the scale characteristics, reliability, and validity of this shorter version. Methods The study was performed using data from the Qualeffo validation study and the Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation (MORE) study. The analyses were performed in patients with vertebral deformities (n=579). Factor analysis on polychoric correlations and an item response theory (IRT) model, i.e., the generalized partial credit model (GPCM), were used to create a shorter version of Qualeffo–41. Using GPCM, scoring weights were computed for all items. Results Three items were removed from the data set because of too many missing values. Factor analysis identified three instead of five domains: (1) pain, (2) physical function, and (3) mental function. Five items had factor loadings <0.4 and were not included in the GPCM. After excluding several items, the domains pain (four items), physical function (18 items), and mental function (nine items) showed a good, reasonable, and excellent fit, respectively. This indicates that the mental function domain and the pain domain are more unidimensional than the physical function domain. All three domains showed a very high correlation (r ≥0.95) with the corresponding domains of the Qualeffo–41. Conclusions Qualeffo–31 was developed, consisting of three domains with a reasonable to excellent fit to the GPCM. Although the fit to the GPCM supports the construct validity of the Qualeffo–31, validation in a new study should be performed before using it in practice.     

保留后方韧带复合体在胸腰椎骨折治疗中的意义

[目的]探讨保留后方韧带复合体在胸腰椎骨折治疗中的意义。[方法]1998～2002年单一节段胸腰椎爆裂骨折治疗中保留后方韧带复合体44例，同期行胸腰椎爆裂骨折治疗切除后方韧带复合体者35例。两种方法分别有15例（定义为A组）和12例（定义为B组）行2次手术取出内固定物，比较AB两组间2次手术前后腰椎功能JOA评分。[结果]2次手术前腰椎功能JOA评分：A组平均24．5分（19～29分）；B组平均22．8分（19～29分），二者无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。2次手术后JOA评分：A组平均24．8分（20～29分），B组平均17．5分（13～26分）。二组有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。[结论]胸腰椎骨折治疗中保留后方韧带复合体，利于术后腰椎功能恢复。