严重急性呼吸综合征的肺组织损伤病理改变

目的 观察严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)死亡患者的肺部病变特点。方法 采用光镜、组织特殊染色对3例SARS死亡患者的肺组织进行了重点观察。采用兔抗-Fas、鼠抗-PCNA、鼠抗-CD83、CD4、CD8单克隆抗体，经免疫组织化学法对肺及肺门淋巴结等组织进行了检测。结果 肺脏的外观多呈红色或紫红色，镜下显示不同程度的间质渗出性或漏出性炎症和肺泡损伤，肺泡间隔内单个核细胞浸润，肺泡腔内有透明膜形成及凋亡脱落的Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞。一些肺泡毛细血管腔内可见纤维素性血栓形成，支气管动脉腔内有血栓栓塞。增宽的肺泡间隔内有纤维素沉积。3例肺泡腔内未见明显地巨细胞浸润。免疫组织化学检测显示，增殖细胞核抗原阳性细胞少见，Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞及肺泡间隔、肺门淋巴结内的单个核细胞有较多的Fas抗原表达；与慢性炎性淋巴结相比，SARS患者的肺门淋巴结内淋巴细胞结构破坏、淋巴细胞稀疏、数量明显减少，但CD83及CD8阳性细胞仍较多见，而CD4阳性淋巴细胞少见。脾脏也可观察到淋巴细胞数量的减少，白髓萎缩，出血坏死，表达CD4的阳性细胞减少。结论 严重的肺组织及免疫系统损伤可能导致SARS患者的死亡。     

中国肝病患者血清铜蓝蛋白水平的研究

目的　探讨我国不同肝病患者血清铜蓝蛋白 (CP)水平交叉程度 ,为肝豆状核变性(WD)的诊断和鉴别诊断提供科学的依据。方法　测定 90 5例正常人、WD及其他各种肝病患者血清CP水平 ,采用SPSS12统计软件进行统计分析。结果　WD患者血清CP平均为 (93 9± 98 1)mg/L ,与其他各组相比差异有非常显著性 ,72 7%的患者低于 10 0mg/L ,其中 4 2 9%的患者低于 5 0mg/L ,但是也有 9 1%的患者其血清CP正常 ,其中 3例高于 4 0 0mg/L ,最高达 5 0 1mg/L。 6 8%的非WD患者血清CP低于正常 ,最低为 2 8mg/L。急性肝炎患者血清CP平均为 (398 4± 15 1 3)mg/L ,显著高于其他各组。重型肝炎患者血清CP平均为 (2 96 5± 10 6 5 )mg/L ,显著低于其他各组 ,其中18 8%的患者低于正常。结论　WD患者CP水平显著低于正常人和其他肝病患者 ,但是与其他肝病有一定程度的交叉 ,单凭CP水平不足以确诊或排除WD。     

广西人体重要寄生虫病现状调查

目的了解广西人体重要寄生虫病的流行现状和流行因素。方法按照全国人体重要寄生虫病现状调查的抽样方法进行抽样;粪便虫卵检查采用改良加藤厚涂片法、蛲虫卵检查采用透明胶纸拭肛法,血清学检查采用ELISA方法,并进行绦/囊虫病问卷调查。结果土源性线虫（钩、蛔、鞭、蛲）、华支睾吸虫总感染率为44.23%,检出7种虫种;其中,钩虫、蛔虫、鞭虫、蛲虫、华支睾吸虫感染率分别为18.52%、23.25%、11.37%、19.85%和3.71%。桂东、桂南地区总感染率较高（59.72%、47.98%）;学生总感染率（45.69%）较其他职业人群高;瑶族人群总感染率（76.77%）较其他民族高。≤15岁组人群蛔虫感染率较高,钩虫感染率随年龄的增加而增加,鞭虫感染者主要为5～15岁儿童。绦虫病主要集中在桂北和桂中的少数民族地区,以融水县绦虫感染率最高（8.46%）。结论广西人群土源性线虫感染率与12年前比较有较大幅度下降,但仍然处于较高水平,桂东、桂南地区感染率较高;食源性寄生虫感染呈上升趋势。     

酒精性肝病大鼠肝组织解偶联蛋白2的表达

解偶联蛋白(UCP)是线粒体内膜上可以调节质子跨膜转运的载体蛋白,具有解偶联活性,目前共发现5个亚型[1-2].其中U CP2通过调节质子跨膜转运参与能量消耗和脂质代谢,可能参与酒精性肝病(ALD)发病过程中的氧化应激与脂质过氧化.本研究旨在应用酒精灌胃建立大鼠ALD模型,动态观察UCP2蛋白及mRNA的表达情况,以探讨UCP2在ALD发病过程中的作用及其机制,为有效防治ALD提供新的理论依据.     

Composition and function of peripheral blood stem and progenitor cell harvests from patients with severe active rheumatoid arthritis

High-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell rescue has been proposed as an intensive therapy for severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In view of previous observations of abnormal haemopoiesis in RA patients, the composition and function of peripheral blood stem cell harvests (PBSCH) was investigated. Compared with PBSCH from healthy allogeneic donors mobilized with the same dose of G-CSF (filgrastim; 10 μg/kg/d, n = 14), RA PBSCH (n = 9) contained significantly fewer mononuclear cells (375 v 569 × 10⁶/kg, P = 0.03) and CD34⁺ cells (2.7 v 5.8 × 10⁶/kg, P = 0.003). However, there were increased proportions of CD14⁺ cells (P = 0.006) and CD14⁺CD15⁺ cells (the phenotype of previously described ‘abnormal’ myeloid cells, P = 0.002) in the RA PBSCH which translated into 3.5- and 7-fold increases respectively on a per CD34⁺ cell basis. There were no differences in T-cell activation status as judged by proportions of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ expressing CD45RA, CD45RO, HLA-DR and CD28 (RA PBSCH, n = 7, donor PBSCH, n = 5, P = 0.2–0.7). Phytohaemagglutinin responses determined fluorocytometrically with induction of CD69 expression were reduced in CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ cells following filgrastim administration in 3/3 RA patients tested. Compared with bone marrow as a potential source of CD34⁺ cells, PBSCH contained 11-fold more T cells (P < 0.0005), 8-fold more B cells (P < 0.0005) and 4-fold more monocytes (P = 0.02). In short-term methylcellulose culture there were no differences in colony counts (CFU-GM, CFU-GEMM, BFU-E) per CD34⁺ cell from PBSCH from RA patients (n = 11) and healthy donors (n = 10). Long-term culture initiator cells were cultured successfully from cryopreserved PBSCH from RA patients (n = 9). In conclusion, PBSCH from RA patients differed significantly in composition from normal individuals, but in vitro studies support normal stem and progenitor cell function. Changes in T-cell function occur during mobilization in RA patients. This work provides reassurance for the use of PBSCH as haematological rescue and baseline data for clinical trials of graft manipulation strategies in patients with RA.     

风湿性心脏病的临床和病理比较分析

目的探讨风湿性心脏病(风心病)风湿活动的现状和提高对该病的认识.方法回顾性研究111例风心病瓣膜置换手术前后临床资料和术后瓣膜活检结果.结果①病理出现Ⅱ期改变者16例(14.4%);参考"可能风湿热”的标准,31例近期曾有风湿活动者术后病理呈Ⅱ期改变(35.5%),高于近期无风湿活动呈Ⅱ期改变(6.25%)(P＜O.01);②术前抗链球菌溶血素"O”、血沉增高者中呈Ⅱ期改变与术前抗链球菌溶血素"O”、血沉正常者呈Ⅱ期改变比较,两者差别无统计学意义.结论风心病常伴有风湿活动.常规实验室检查(血沉、抗链球菌溶血素"O”)不能反映风湿是否存在活动;应用"可能风湿热”的标准判断风心病风湿活动有较高的临床实用价值.     

Thiopurine methyltransferase activity combined with 6-thioguanine metabolite levels predicts clinical response to thiopurines in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

BACKGROUND/AIMS: 6-Mercaptopurine and its prodrug azathioprine are effective for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Thiopurine methyltransferase is important for the metabolism of thiopurines. However, there is controversy as to the clinical utility of measuring thiopurine methyltransferase enzyme activity and 6-thioguanine nucleotide levels. Our aim was to determine if thiopurine methyltransferase enzyme activity and 6-thioguanine nucleotide level monitoring would predict response to therapy with thiopurines in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. METHODS: Baseline thiopurine methyltransferase enzyme activity prior to initiation of therapy with either 6-mercaptopurine or azathioprine was determined in 39 patients with inflammatory bowel disease. The association between clinical response and thiopurine methyltransferase activity and 6-thioguanine nucleotide levels singly or in combination were analysed. RESULTS: Seventeen of 39 patients (44%) responded to 6-mercaptopurine or azathioprine therapy. Thiopurine methyltransferase enzyme activity below the mean of 30.5 U was significantly associated with clinical response. The thiopurine methyltransferase low phenotype was associated with response in 65% vs. 29% in individuals with thiopurine methyltransferase enzyme activity above 30.5 U (p = 0.05). There was no correlation between thiopurine methyltransferase activity and 6-thioguanine nucleotide levels. The maximal 6-thioguanine nucleotide levels did not predict clinical response. When combining thiopurine methyltransferase enzyme activity and 6-thioguanine nucleotide levels, the combination of thiopurine methyltransferase low/6-thioguanine nucleotide high was associated with response in 7/7 (100%) vs. only 2/8 (25%) with the combination of thiopurine methyltransferase high/6-thioguanine nucleotide low (p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Thiopurine methyltransferase activity inversely correlated with clinical response to thiopurine treatment in inflammatory bowel disease. Thiopurine methyltransferase enzyme activity below 30.5 U combined with a post-treatment 6-thioguanine nucleotide level > 230 pmol/8 x 10(8) erythrocytes was the best predictor of response.     

Ursodeoxycholic acid: Mechanism of action and novel clinical applications.

Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is used in the treatment of cholestatic liver diseases, gallstone dissolution, and for patients with hepatitis C virus infection to ameliorate elevated alanine aminotransferase levels. The efficacy of UDCA treatment has been debated and the mechanisms of action in humans have still not defined. Suggested mechanisms include the improvement of bile acid transport and/or detoxification, cytoprotection, and anti-apoptotic effects. In this review, we summarize the proposed molecular mechanisms for the action of UDCA, especially in hepatocytes, and also discuss the putative future clinical usage of this unique drug.     

Clinical analysis of liver transplantation in autoimmune liver diseases

Background: Autoimmune liver diseases(ALDs) consist of autoimmune hepatitis(AIH), primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC), primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC), Ig G4-associated cholangitis and overlap syndromes.Patients with these diseases may gradually progress to end-stage liver diseases and need liver transplantation. The present study aimed to explore the prognosis of patients with ALDs after liver transplantation.Methods: The clinical data of 80 patients with ALD(24 cases of AIH, 35 of PBC, 15 of PSC and 6 of AIHPBC overlap syndromes) who underwent liver transplantation in Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from June 2004 to September 2016 were collected retrospectively. The causes of death were analyzed and the postoperative cumulative survival rate was estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method. Recurrence and other complications were also analyzed.Results: Of the 80 patients, 18 were males and 62 were females. The average age was 50.5 years and the average Model for End-stage Liver Disease(MELD) score was 14.1. After a median follow-up of 19.8 months, 8 patients died. The 1-, 3-and 5-year cumulative survival rates were all 89.0%. Three cases of recurrent ALDs were diagnosed(3.8%) but they were not totally consistent with primary diseases. Biliary tract complication occurred in 10 patients(12.5%). The new onset of tumor was observed in 1 patient(1.3%). De novo HBV/CMV/EBV infection was found in 3, 8 and 3 patients, respectively.Conclusion: Liver transplantation is an effective and safe treatment for end-stage ALD.     

Anti-actin antibodies of IgM and IgG class in chronic liver diseases detected by fluorometric immunoassay*

ABSTRACT— Using a sensitive fluoroimmunoassay, anti-actin antibodies (AA) of the IgM and IgG classes were measured in 240 patients with various chronic liver diseases and in 211 patients with non-hepatic autoimmune muscle, heart, malignant and inflammatory bowel diseases. Thirty-two out of 40 patients (80%) with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis (CAH) had AA only of the IgG class (geom. mean X = 1.78, SEM±0.07) and only three patients (8%) had both IgG and IgM AA, the latter in lower titres. In patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and AMA-positive cholestatic CAH, AA of both IgM and IgG classes were equally represented (60% IgG and 64% IgM AA in PBC, 73% IgG and 51% IgM AA in cholestatic CAH) but the titres were very low (geom. mean IgG AA in PBC 1.035, SEM±0.03, in cholestatic CAH 1.18, SEM±0.02). In contrast to autoimmune (lupoid) CAH, AA were rare in HBsAg positive CAH (9/43, 21%) and only present in low titres. However, in six out of 21 patients with anti-HBs and anti-HBc-positive chronic active hepatitis, high AA of IgG class were found, suggesting the autoimmune type of liver disease. In NANB virus-induced chronic liver disease after blood transfusion, AA were only occasionally found (IgG antibodies 1/19, IgM antibodies 3/19) and none were found in the eight patients with sporadic NANB hepatitis. They were also rare in 30 patients with alcoholic liver disease (3/30, 10%). Of 211 patients with non-hepatic disorders, only 13 patients (6%) had AA (geom. mean of positive titres 0.076, SEM±0.01). We conclude therefore that high titre AA of the IgG class are reliable serological markers for the diagnosis of an autoimmune liver disease.