急诊内镜诊疗在结直肠癌根治术后吻合口出血中的应用

目的探讨结直肠癌根治术后吻合口出血病人使用急诊内镜检查及止血的安全性和有效性。方法回顾性分析华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院2014年1月至2019年11月结直肠癌根治术后吻合口出血行急诊内镜检查以及内镜下治疗的28例病人资料。结果28例病人包括直肠癌术后15例、左半结肠癌术后3例及右半结肠癌术后10例。上述病例均完成急诊内镜检查并接受内镜下止血治疗。仅1例直肠癌术后吻合口出血病人因合并吻合口漏经内镜下止血效果不佳,最终接受外科手术治疗;其余27例吻合口出血病人均经过内镜止血成功。所有病例住院期间无再发出血,内镜诊疗并未导致术后吻合口漏及穿孔。结论结直肠癌根治术后吻合口出血急诊内镜检查及止血的方案,不增加吻合口出血、穿孔及漏等风险。术后急诊内镜下止血是安全有效的治疗手段,能明显提高止血成功率,降低再手术率。在病人出血后8 h内行急诊内镜是非常关键的诊治措施。     

结直肠锯齿状腺瘤的临床特征及恶变影响因素分析

目的锯齿状腺瘤被公认为结直肠癌的癌前病变,锯齿状通路被认为是可以独立发展成结直肠癌的重要通路,但目前对于锯齿状腺瘤恶变的相关危险因素还知之甚少。本文旨在分析锯齿状腺瘤在结直肠中的分布特点及潜在恶变因素。方法采用病例对照研究方法,回顾性收集2017年4月至2019年7月期间在中国医学科学院肿瘤医院行肠镜检查并经病理诊断为锯齿状腺瘤患者的临床资料,排除同时具有两种及以上病理类型病变的患者。总结锯齿状腺瘤的临床特征,并进行单因素和Logistic多因素回归分析,探讨锯齿状腺瘤发生恶变的影响因素。结果共在28730例行肠镜检查患者中,发现311例(1.08%)锯齿状腺瘤患者,共发现锯齿状腺瘤372枚。按WHO分类,无蒂锯齿状腺瘤/息肉22枚(5.9%),传统锯齿状腺瘤84枚(22.6%),未分类锯齿状腺瘤266枚(71.5%)。病理结果显示:无异型增生病变106枚(28.5%),低级别上皮内瘤变病变228枚(61.3%),高级别上皮内瘤变或癌变38枚(10.2%)。病变长径<10 mm有204枚(54.8%),≥10 mm有168枚(45.2%);病变位于左半结直肠238枚(64.0%),右半结肠134枚(36.0%)。内镜下大体分型:扁平型16枚(4.3%),无蒂型174枚(46.8%),亚蒂型117枚(31.5%),带蒂型59枚(15.9%)。窄带成像国际结直肠内镜(NICE)分型:Ⅰ型85枚(22.8%),Ⅱ型280枚(75.3%),Ⅲ型4枚(1.1%)。单因素分析显示,病变大小、病变位置、病变部位及不同WHO分类与结直肠锯齿状腺瘤发生恶变有关(均P<0.05);不同NICE分型的锯齿状腺瘤,其恶变率的差异亦有统计学差异(P=0.001)。多因素分析结果显示,病变长径≥10 mm(OR=6.699,95%CI:2.843~15.786)以及病变位于左半结直肠(OR=2.657,95%CI:1.042~6.775)是结直肠锯齿状腺瘤发生恶变的独立危险因素。结论锯齿状腺瘤主要位于左半结直肠,当病变长径≥10 mm或病变位于左半结直肠时,易发生恶变。     

全球针对家族史高危人群的结直肠癌筛查指南推荐意见的系统综述

目的 对全球现有结直肠癌家族史高危人群筛查指南的更新进展及推荐意见进行系统总结和评价。方法 以“结直肠癌”“筛查”“指南”“共识”“推荐”“家族史”以及“colorectal cancer”“screening”“guideline”“recommendation”“family history”为关键词,并补充其自由词,系统检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science,并且同时检索官网刊登的结直肠癌筛查指南/共识作为补充,语种限定为中文和英文。截至2022年5月24日,共20篇有效文献。对纳入文献的基本信息、针对家族史人群的推荐意见等进行摘录整理及汇总描述。结果 在20篇文献中,大多数国家/地区/机构根据结直肠癌家族史人群的亲属关系等级,对筛查起止年龄、筛查方式及筛查周期提出建议。多数指南针对有1例60岁前患结直肠癌一级亲属的人群,推荐筛查起始年龄为40岁或比患病亲属诊断年龄提前10年,推荐的筛查方式多为结肠镜。结论 目前全球多数结直肠癌家族史高危人群筛查指南主要针对一级亲属家族史、以结肠镜作为主要筛查方式。本文将为我国针对结直肠癌家族史高危人群筛查策略的更新提供参考依据,进而完善结直肠癌筛查与早诊早治实践。     

保留左结肠动脉的腹腔镜直肠癌D3根治术对中晚期直肠癌患者的临床效果分析

目的探讨保留左结肠动脉的腹腔镜直肠癌D3根治术(Dixon)对中晚期直肠癌患者的临床效果分析。方法选取2015年12月至2018年1月60例中晚期直肠癌患者资料,根据术式不同分为保留组和未保留组,其中保留组(n=32)采用保留左结肠动脉的Dixon术,未保留组(n=28)采用高位结扎的Dixon术。采用SPSS 22.00软件对数据资料进行处理,围术期各项指标用(x±s)表示,采用独立t检验;术后并发症发生率、淋巴结清扫情况采用χ^2或Fisher检验,P<0.05表示差异有统计学意义。结果保留组肛门排气时间、边缘动脉弓压力显著少于未保留组(P<0.05),其余围术期指标比较均无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组清扫淋巴总数、转移淋巴结数及阳性淋巴结总数差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),但保留组清扫第253组淋巴结数目显著大于未保留组(P<0.05);保留组吻合口漏发生率3.1%(1/32)显著少于未保留组10.7%(3/28),(P<0.05);两组患者术后1年肿瘤复发、转移发生率差异无统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论相比于高位结扎的Dixon术,保留左结肠动脉不增加术后肿瘤复发转移概率,并且可有效降低吻合口漏的发生率,具有良好的应用前景。     

Complication of Hirschsprung’s disease immediately after pregnancy: A rare case report

Introduction and importanceHirschprung's disease (HD) is a rare congenital colonic disorder that may develop in adult age, often determining a poor life quality with complications needing an emergency surgical setting. The disease rarely presents as an acute intestinal obstruction like SV, which represents an abdominal emergency issue.Case presentationA few days after discharge from gynecology unit because of her first childbirth, a young woman with HD developed colonic obstruction due to sigmoid volvulus, which was treated with Hartmann's procedure.Clinical discussionSome months later, the patient underwent a two-stage Duhamel's procedure to restore the digestive tract's continuity. Both hospital periods were free of critical events.ConclusionThe woman regained a good quality of life: Duhamel’s procedure revealed as a safe technique to use in HD adult.     

肠梗阻导管对结直肠癌合并肠梗阻患者术后感染的影响

目的探究肠梗阻导管对结直肠癌合并肠梗阻患者术后感染并发症发生率的影响。方法选择2015年2月-2019年10月上饶市立医院收治的235例结直肠癌合并肠梗阻患者作为研究对象,根据是否应用肠梗阻导管将患者分为两组,对照组102例患者行急诊结直肠癌肿瘤切除术,研究组133例患者行肠梗阻导管置入术后择期行根治术。收集患者围手术期指标及并发症发生情况,对术后感染患者进行病原菌分析。结果研究组患者全部行择期一期吻合术,且24 h症状缓解率96.99%显著高于对照组的11.76%(P<0.05);研究组患者术后排气时间(3.22±1.01)h、住院时间(11.23±2.13)d均较对照组缩短(P<0.05);研究组切口感染4.51%(6/133)、总感染率7.52%(10/133)和低钠低钾蛋白血症发生率30.08%(40/133)均低于对照组(P<0.05);29例感染患者共分离出46株病原菌,其中革兰阴性菌28株,占60.87%,革兰阳性菌17株,占36.96%,真菌1例,占2.17%。结论梗阻性导管置入后择期手术术后恢复较快,可降低结直肠癌合并肠梗阻患者术后感染并发症发生率,有较高的临床应用价值。     

Human acetylator genotype: Relationship to colorectal cancer incidence and arylamine N-acetyltransferase expression in colon cytosol

Polymorphic expression of arylamine N-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.5) may be a differential risk factor in metabolic activation of arylamine carcinogens and susceptibility to cancers related to arylamine exposures. Human epidemiological studies suggest that rapid acetylator phenotype may be associated with higher incidences of colorectal cancer. We used restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis to determine acetylator genotypes of 44 subjects with colorectal cancer and 28 non-cancer subjects of similar ethnic background (i.e., approximately 25% Black and 75% White). The polymorphic N-acetyltransferase gene (NAT2) was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction from DNA templates derived from human colons of colorectal and non-cancer subjects. No significant differences inNAT2 allelic frequencies (i.e., WT, M1, M2, M3 alleles) or in acetylator genotypes were found between the colorectal cancer and non-cancer groups. No significant differences inNAT2 allelic frequencies were observed between Whites and Blacks or between males and females. Cytosolic preparations from the human colons were tested for expression of arylamine N-acetyltransferase activity. Although N-acetyltransferase activity was expressed for each of the arylamines tested (i.e., p-aminobenzoic acid, 4-aminobiphenyl, 2-aminofluorene, -naphthylamine), no correlation was observed between acetylator genotype and expression of human colon arylamine N-acetyltransferase activity. Similarly, no correlation was observed between subject age and expression of human colon arylamine N-acetyltransferase activity. These results suggest that arylamine N-acetyltransferase activity expressed in human colon is catalyzed predominantly by NAT1, an arylamine N-acetyltransferase that is not regulated byNAT2 acetylator genotype. The ability to determine acetylator genotype from DNA derived from human surgical samples should facilitate further epidemiological studies to assess the role of acetylator genotype in various cancers.