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81.
R. NIJLAND H. W. JONGSMA J. G. NlJHUIS B. OESEBURG 《Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica》1995,39(S107):71-76
A piglet model was used to evaluate the accuracy of a fiberoptic oximeter over a wide range of arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2 ) values. In eight anaesthetized piglets, the inspired oxygen concentration was varied from 30% to 6% resulting in a SaO2 range from 100% to 15%. Paired data of the Opticath® fiberoptic catheter, which was placed in the descending aorta, and blood sample SaO2 values assessed by a multiwavelength oximeter, were analysed. After in vitro calibration according to the manufacturer's instruction, the fiberoptic catheter started to underestimate the SaO2 below 78%, worsening towards lower SaO2 values. The overall bias was -3. 4% and the precision 3. 8%. An off-line fit with a non-linear model resulted in a standard deviation of residuals of 2. 6%. After several in vivo calibration adjustments when the Fiberoptic oximeter deviated more than 4% from the blood sample value, the bias was eliminated over the total SaO2 range and the precision was 3. 7%. The Opticath® fiberoptic oximeter could have an accuracy for the whole SaO2 range between 15–100% close to the accuracy of the multiwavelength oximeter, when the fiberoptic oximeter is adapted for the underestimation below 78% SaO2 . 相似文献
82.
Surber Christian Wilhelm Klaus-P. Bermann David Maibach Howard I. 《Pharmaceutical research》1993,10(9):1291-1294
Etretinate and acitretin are given orally to treat psoriasis and various keratinization disorders. Acitretin, the main active metabolite of etretinate, has the pharmacokinetic advantage of being rapidly eliminated, but it shares etretinate's toxicologic profile. Thus a topical delivery of acitretin with no or reduced systemic adverse effects is desirable. To characterize the therapeutic potential of topically delivered acitretin, we quantitatively assessed its percutaneous penetration in healthy human volunteers. Additionally, three skin sampling techniques, the punch biopsy, the shave biopsy, and the suction blister technique, were validated to quantitate acitretin in the skin. The results suggest that topical delivery of acitretin renders skin concentrations which exceed those reported after oral administration of etretinate or acitretin. However, because of possible interlaminate drug contamination, drug localization within a particular skin compartment cannot be determined. 相似文献
83.
B. Bagolini V. Porciatti B. Falsini G. Scalia M. Neroni G. Moretti 《Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology》1988,70(1):37-43
Macular and paramacular electroretinograms in response to two adjacent checks (6 deg/side), alternating at constant mean luminance, were recorded in 34 normal subjects ranging in age from 16 to 74 years. The macular electroretinogram declines progressively in amplitude with age (R = –0.42; P = 0.013). The amplitude ratio between macular and paramacular responses tends to be independent of age (R = -0.21; P = 0.22).Age-related changes in the macular electroretinogram shown in our study are consistent with previous anatomical and functional studies, which indicate a deterioration of photoreceptors beyond 20 years of age. These results suggest a possible use of this technique for future studies on macular degeneration. 相似文献
84.
戴显伟 《中国普外基础与临床杂志》1996,(1)
作者对胰十二指肠切除术做了四点技术改进:①经小肠系膜根部后方十二指肠水平段隧道提取空肠至横结肠上区,再做吻合;②经结肠后行十二指肠或胃与空肠端侧吻合术;③放置25~30cm长的胰管支撑内引流管;④经胃窦前壁通过幽门及吻合口放置空肠营养管。文内对上述改进的技术进行了详细的介绍,并阐述了每项技术的优点和意义。 相似文献
85.
86.
M. Pitkänen M.D. P. Rosenberg M. Silvanto M. Tuominen 《Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica》1992,36(6):526-529
Forty elderly patients, scheduled for orthopaedic surgery of the hip or knee were studied. Twenty patients received a single-dose spinal anaesthesia with 3 ml of plain 0.5% bupivacaine (SDSA group). Twenty patients received continuous spinal anaesthesia using a 32- or 22-gauge catheter. A bolus of 1.0 ml of plain 0.5% bupivacaine was given to ten patients and 0.5 ml to another ten, continued by an infusion at a rate of 2 ml/h. The spread of analgesia and haemodynamic changes (central venous pressure, arterial pressures, need for sympathomimetic medication) were registered. The mean dose of bupivacaine was 2.9 ml (range 1.5-5 ml) in the CSA group (3.0 ml in the SDSA group). Eight patients in the CSA group needed medication for pain during surgery compared to five patients in the SDSA group (n.s.). The median level of pinprick analgesia at 60 min was T11 in the CSA and T6.5 in the SDSA group (P less than 0.01). The mean maximum decreases in CVP and MAP were quite similar in the CSA and SDSA group (2.1 vs 2.8 mmHg (0.3 vs 0.4 kPa) and 17 vs 21 mmHg (2.3 vs 2.8 kPa), respectively) (n.s.). Six patients in the SDSA group and four patients in the CSA group needed sympathomimetic medication. It is concluded that titration of bupivacaine for spinal anaesthesia caused only minor haemodynamic changes which were similar to those after single-dose spinal bupivacaine. 相似文献
87.
Intercostal catheterization 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Twenty-one patients scheduled to undergo thoracotomy or median sternotomy had intercostal catheters inserted pre-operatively. During thoracotomy, under direct vision, the spread of 20 ml of a solution containing bupivacaine and methylene blue was followed. In most cases the spread involved one or two intercostal spaces. However, in all but one patient, dye spread medially to the paravertebral space where it then spread in both caudad and cephalad directions to reach between two and five vertebrae. In three cases, dye was seen crossing the anterior surface of the vertebrae to reach the contralateral aspect. It is concluded that a major component of dermatomal block during intercostal catheterisations may be secondary to paravertebral spread. 相似文献
88.
Suppiah Balachandran Stuart Eason Lynn McGuire Suzanne Bernard Charles Boyd 《European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging》1986,12(2):69-71
Summary In order to measure ejection fractions (EFs) from nuclear ventriculograms, we devised a semi-automated edge-detection technique based on a combination of inverse Fourier analysis and second-derivative techniques. Initial clinical studies showed that, for the left ventricle, our method gives EF values statistically identical with those obtained using a conventional isocontour technique. For the right ventricle, however, the values obtained using the two methods were somewhat more at variance. Despite requiring a longer processing time, the results obtained with our method are reproducible because less operator intervention is necessary. 相似文献
89.
G. Todd Schulte MD Dr Franke E. Block Jr MD 《Journal of clinical monitoring and computing》1992,8(3):198-200
The introduction of the variable-pitch feature on pulse oximeters in 1983 by the Nellcor Corporation (Hayward, CA) allowed
users to rapidly detect changes in oxygen saturation by listening for changes in the pitch of the tones emitted by the pulse
oximeter. A few individuals have reported that they have been unable to detect a change in pitch when oxygen saturation changes.
To these individuals, the variable-pitch feature of these pulse oximeters has not been beneficial. Using the pitches from
one manufacturer of oximeters, we created a computer program to simulate the pitches that accompanied various oxygen saturations.
The pitches were recorded onto a tape player and played for 75 volunteer subjects unfamiliar with the pitches of a variable-pitch
pulse oximeter. Of our sample, 67% were able to detect a single change in pitch corresponding to a 1% fall in oxygen saturation,
and 11% of the population could not detect a change in pitch until there was a change in pitch with every beat. We suggested
four alternative designs that may prove beneficial to this group of individuals. 相似文献
90.
R. MILASZKIEWICZ N. PAYNE B. LOUGHNAN A. BLACKETT N. BARBER F. CARLI 《Anaesthesia》1992,47(12):1042-1046
We studied 86 primiparous women with uncomplicated pregnancy and labour requesting extradural analgesia in labour. All the women were over 36 weeks of gestation with a cephalic-presenting singleton fetus. The women were allocated randomly to two groups: group A, who received an extradural infusion of lignocaine 0.75%, after an initial dose of 10 ml of lignocaine 1.5%, and group B, who received an infusion of bupivacaine 0.125% after an initial dose of 10 ml of bupivacaine 0.25%. All the women had their labour actively managed. Assessment of analgesia during labour and delivery, and the requirements for additional top-ups were noted, as were mode of delivery, requirement for oxytocic augmentation and incidence of fetal distress. Maternal and umbilical cord plasma concentrations of lignocaine were measured at delivery in 12 women receiving extradural lignocaine. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of the mode of delivery, incidence of fetal distress, fetal heart rate abnormalities, or Apgar scores of the babies. Women in the bupivacaine group had a significantly better quality of analgesia during both the first and second stages of labour (p = 0.0005) and required fewer top-ups than those in the lignocaine group. However, the requirement for oxytocin augmentation during the first and second stages of labour was significantly less in the lignocaine group (p = 0.004). Similarly, the duration of the second stage was shorter compared with the bupivacaine group. In spite of high plasma concentrations of lignocaine, no side effects were noted in either mothers or babies. 相似文献