关于世界中医药教育与教材建设的一些思考

中医药学博大精深,初学者入门难是历来的问题。当在世界进行中医药教育之时这一问题尤其突出。为此,阐述了关于中国大陆中医药大学所用教材与经典着作的关系。提倡及时准确地引用最新研究成果,并更新教材内容和对关于中药药用量与不良反应问题应予充分地关注。同时强调中西医学互参拟定治疗方针的重要性和必要性。提倡长远规划突出中医的特点,并有组织地收集有效病历的报道。以期中医药教育更趋至臻完善并走向辉煌。     

Performance of Microchannel Heat Sink Made of Silicon Material with the Two-Sided Wedge

New designs of the microchannel with a two-sided wedge shape at the base were studied numerically. Five different wedge angles ranging from 3° to 15° were incorporated into the microchannel design. Simulation of this novel microchannel was carried out using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Three-dimensional models of the microchannel heat sink were created, discretized, and based on Navier–Stokes and energy equations; laminar numerical solutions were obtained for heat transfer and pressure drop. Flow characteristics of water as coolant in a microchannel were studied. It was observed that numerical results are in good agreement with experimental results. It was found that the Nusselt number and friction factor are significantly varied with the increase in Reynolds number. The Nusselt number varies in the following ranges of 5.963–8.521, 5.986–8.550, 6.009–8.568, 6.040–8.609, and 6.078–8.644 at 3°, 6°, 9°, 12°, and 15°, respectively. The microchannel with a wedge angle of 15° was found to be better in terms of Nusselt number and thermo-hydraulic performance. The enhancement in the Nusselt number is found as 1.017–1.036 for a wedge angle of 15°; however, friction factors do not show the perceptible values at distinct values of wedge angle. Moreover, the thermo-hydraulic performance parameters (THPP) were evaluated and found to be maximum in the range of 1.027–1.045 for a wedge angle of 15°. However, minimum THPP was found in the range of 1.005–1.0185 for a wedge angle of 3°.     

Comparison between Piezoelectric and Piezoresistive Wearable Gait Monitoring Techniques

Insole plantar stress detection (PSD) techniques play an important role in gait monitoring. Among the various insole PSD methods, piezoelectric- and piezoresistive-based architectures are broadly used in medical scenes. Each year, a growing number of new research outcomes are reported. Hence, a deep understanding of these two kinds of insole PSD sensors and state-of-the-art work would strongly benefit the researchers in this highly interdisciplinary field. In this context, this review article is composed of the following aspects. First, the mechanisms of the two techniques and corresponding comparisons are explained and discussed. Second, advanced materials which could enhance the performance of current piezoelectric and piezoresistive insole prototypes are introduced. Third, suggestions for designing insole PSD prototypes/products for different diseases are offered. Last, the current challenge and potential future trends are provided.     

Hierarchical Nanocomposites Electrospun Carbon NanoFibers/Carbon Nanotubes as a Structural Element of Potentiometric Sensors

This work proposes new carbon materials for intermediate layers in solid-contact electrodes sensitive for potassium ions. The group of tested materials includes electrospun carbon nanofibers, electrospun carbon nanofibers with incorporated cobalt nanoparticles and hierarchical nanocomposites composed of carbon nanotubes deposited on nanofibers with different metal nanoparticles (cobalt or nickel) and nanotube density (high or low). Materials were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and contact angle microscopy. Electrical parameters of ready-to-use electrodes were characterized using chronopotentiometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The best results were obtained for potassium electrodes with carbon nanofibers with nickel-cobalt nanoparticles and high density of nanotubes layer: the highest capacity value (330 µF), the lowest detection limit (10^−6.3 M), the widest linear range (10⁻⁶–10⁻¹) and the best reproducibility of normal potential (0.9 mV). On the other hand the best potential reversibility, the lowest potential drift (20 μV·h⁻¹) in the long-term test and the best hydrophobicity (contact angle 168°) were obtained for electrode with carbon nanofibers with cobalt nanoparticles and high density of carbon nanotubes. The proposed electrodes can be used successfully in potassium analysis of real samples as shown in the example of tomato juices.     

羧甲基壳聚糖复合纳米银、纳米氧化铜的制备及抑菌性研究

本研究在水热条件下利用羧甲基壳聚糖分别还原硝酸银和硫酸铜,得到稳定的羧甲基壳聚糖复合纳米银和纳米氧化铜,并测试其抑菌能力.表征测试显示,所制的纳米银为20～30 nm的球状结构,纳米氧化铜为80～100 nm的花瓣状结构,二者都均匀稳定地分布于羧甲基壳聚糖中.抑菌试验显示,不同浓度的羧甲基壳聚糖复合纳米银(A组2 mg...     

花粉治疗前列腺疾病的物质基础研究进展

国内外临床实践均证明花粉及其制剂是治疗前列腺疾病的理想药物。通过查阅国内外有关花粉治疗前列腺疾病的活性物质的有关文献,结果发现花粉治疗前列腺疾病的药效成分主要是其组分中的脂肪酸、多酚及黄酮类、甾体以及含氮化合物。综述了花粉治疗前列腺疾病的物质基础研究进展及作用机制研究,以期为开发高效低毒的治疗前列腺疾病的花粉制剂提供借鉴。     

金属雕塑的历史沿革

人类进入文明社会之际 ,硬度远远高于陶器的青铜器 ,有力地促进了人类的文明进程。铁器的出现和广泛使用 ,极大地促进了社会生产力的发展 ,导致封建社会的建立和奴隶制社会的崩溃。大工业革命的历史巨轮隆隆行驶在用新的金属材质“钢”制成的轨迹上 ,崭新的历史纪元伴随日新月异的现代科学技术的急速发展 ,不断为人类拓展着新的生活空间 ,金属在人类历史上所起的重要作用 ,超越了艺术的领域 ,甚至成为人类社会文明进步的一种标识。     

Research on Dynamic Strength and Inertia Effect of Concrete Materials Based on Large-Diameter Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar Test

The Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) test device is an important tool to study the dynamic characteristics of concrete materials. Inertial effect is one of the main factors that cause inaccurate results in SHPB tests of concrete materials. To solve this problem, Large-diameter SHPB tests on concrete and mortar were performed. A dynamic increase factor (DIF) model considering strain rate effect and inertia effect was established. This model provides a scientific reference for studying the dynamic mechanical properties of concrete materials. The experimental results indicate that the strain rate effect of concrete is more sensitive than that of mortar, but the inertia effect of mortar is more sensitive than that of concrete. Under the same strain rate, the energy utilization rate, average fragment size, and impact potentiality of mortar are higher than concrete.     

Smart Bone Graft Composite for Cancer Therapy Using Magnetic Hyperthermia

Magnetic hyperthermia (MHT) is a therapy that uses the heat generated by a magnetic material for cancer treatment. Magnetite nanoparticles are the most used materials in MHT. However, magnetite has a high Curie temperature (Tc~580 °C), and its use may generate local superheating. To overcome this problem, strontium-doped lanthanum manganite could replace magnetite because it shows a Tc near the ideal range (42–45 °C). In this study, we developed a smart composite formed by an F18 bioactive glass matrix with different amounts of Lanthanum-Strontium Manganite (LSM) powder (5, 10, 20, and 30 wt.% LSM). The effect of LSM addition was analyzed in terms of sinterability, magnetic properties, heating ability under a magnetic field, and in vitro bioactivity. The saturation magnetization (M_s) and remanent magnetization (M_r) increased by the LSM content, the confinement of LSM particles within the bioactive glass matrix also caused an increase in Tc. Calorimetry evaluation revealed a temperature increase from 5 °C (composition LSM5) to 15 °C (LSM30). The specific absorption rates were also calculated. Bioactivity measurements demonstrated HCA formation on the surface of all the composites in up to 15 days. The best material reached 40 °C, demonstrating the proof of concept sought in this research. Therefore, these composites have great potential for bone cancer therapy and should be further explored.     

Test and Microstructural Analysis of a Steel Slag Cement-Based Material Using the Response Surface Method

In this study, the silica fume replacement rate, fly ash replacement rate, and curing temperature were regarded as the independent variables, and the compressive and flexural strengths were regarded as the response values. The response surface method was used to construct the response surface polynomial regression model and obtain the optimal preparation parameters of a steel slag cement-based gel slurry (SCGS). The univariate and multivariate effects on the SCGS’s strength were investigated via analysis of variance and a three-dimensional surface model, and the hydration products and strength development law were characterized via scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The actual compressive strengths at 3 and 28 d of age were 31.78 and 53.94 MPa, respectively, which were close to the predicted values (32.59 and 55.81 MPa, respectively), demonstrating that the optimized strengths were accurate and reliable. Further, the hydration reaction rate of SiO₂ in the silica fume and the physical filling effect of the inert components of fly ash and steel slag under the optimal parameters were the key factors for the early strength of the material. Moreover, continuous C₃S hydration in steel slag and the continuous excitation of the volcanic ash properties of fly ash were important factors for the later strength.