腰穿置管稳压引流治疗蛛网膜下腔出血后脑积水

目的探讨蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)后脑积水简便、安全、有效的治疗方法。方法所收治的283例SAH病人中有90例发生了急性脑积水,在内科治疗基础上,其中46例进行了腰穿置管稳压引流治疗结果与无脑积水者对照比较。结果上法治疗后32例(32/46,70%)意识水平均有所改善;所有受治病人12d内再出血和脑缺血的发生率与无脑积水的病人组无显著性差异〔5/46(11%),24/193(12%);16/46(35%)60/193(31%)。P>0.05〕。治疗组未发生脑室炎或脑膜炎。结论腰穿置管稳压引流是一种治疗SAH后脑积水简便、安全、有效的方法。     

超声心动图对儿童完全性肺静脉异位引流诊断价值的探讨

目的　旨在评价超声心动图对完全性肺静脉异位引流 (TAPVD)的诊断价值。方法　对 1987年 9月至2 0 0 2年 11月收治的TAPVD患儿 70例进行分析。均有完整的临床及超声心动图资料 ,其中 35例施行了手术治疗。结果　 70例TAPVD的解剖分型为 :心内型 5 2例、心上型 16例、心下型 2例 ,未发现混合型。 35例施行手术 ,32例与术前超声心动图的诊断一致 ;3例与超声心动图诊断不完全一致 ,其超声心动图诊断分别为 :三房心伴继发孔房缺、左房隔膜伴继发孔房缺、原发孔房缺伴卵圆孔未闭 ,而手术结果均显示为心内型TAPVD伴继发孔房缺。结论　超声心动图检查是诊断TAPVD重要且准确的方法 ,并能确定其分型 ,提供精确的解剖及血流动力学资料。在应用超声心动图诊断TAPVD时 ,应注意与三房心、左房隔膜等疾病进行鉴别。     

Maternal and perinatal outcome in rheumatic heart disease.

OBJECTIVES: To study the maternal and perinatal outcome of pregnancies complicated by rheumatic heart disease. METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out in the cardio-obstetric clinic of the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh (India) over a period of 13 years (1987-1999) involving 486 pregnant patients with rheumatic heart disease. Maternal and perinatal outcome was reviewed. RESULTS: Three hundred and four patients (63.3%) had single valve involvement and mitral stenosis was the most predominant lesion (89.2%). One hundred and seventy one (38.6%) patients had undergone surgical correction prior to the onset of pregnancy. One hundred and thirteen patients (22.6%) were identified as NYHA class III-IV. Mitral valvotomy was performed during pregnancy in 48 patients. The incidence of preterm birth and small for gestational age newborns was 12% and 18.2%, respectively. There were 10 maternal deaths, of which eight patients were NYHA III and IV. CONCLUSIONS: Rheumatic heart disease in pregnancy is associated with significant maternal and perinatal morbidity in NYHA class III-IV patients.     

腹膜淋巴孔研究的新进展

腹膜淋巴孔是腹膜下毛细淋巴管在腹膜间皮细胞间的开口。通过淋巴孔、腹膜腔与淋巴管系直接相通,它具有主动吸收功能,是腹膜腔内物质转归的最主要部位。淋巴孔与肝硬化腹水的转归、连续不卧床腹膜透析的失超滤、肿瘤细胞的转移和扩散等密切相关。淋巴孔还具有调控和免疫功能。ＮＯ对淋巴孔调控作用是目前研究的热点,它通过激活鸟苷酸环化酶途径,增加细胞内ｃＧＭＰ,降低Ｃａ＾２＋水平,使淋巴孔产生强烈的舒张,淋巴孔开放数目增多、孔径增大,淋巴引流作用增强。而中药通过提高内源性ＮＯ水平,也能对腹膜淋巴孔进行调控,以促腹水转归。     

COMPARATIVE OBSERVATION ON CURATIVE EFFECT OF POSTOPERATIVE SYMPTOMS OF THE CLOSED CRANIOCEREBRAL INJURY TREATED BY ACUPUNCTURE

Theincidenceofcraniocerebralinjuryisveryhighatpresent.Trafficaccident,violenceandindustrialinjuryarethemainreasonsofthedisease.Besidesthecorrespondingsymptomsofcontusionand1acerationofbrain,subduralhematoma,extraduralhematomaandintracere-bralhematomamayoccuratthesametime.Thepatientswilldieiftheyarenotoperatedintime.However,theexacerbationofcerebralfunctioncausedbyoperativemechanicalstimulationcannotbeavoided.Therefore,therehabilitationofcraniocerebralinjuryisverycomplicatedanddif-ficult,andne…     

微管心包腔闭式引流术治疗恶性心包积液的临床观察

目的评价微管心包腔闭式引流治疗恶性心包积液的疗效。方法将42例恶性心包积液患者随机分为微管心包腔闭式引流术引净后注入顺铂(DDP)的治疗组21例,常规心包穿刺抽液后注入DDP的对照组21例。结果治疗组有效率(CR+PR)为90·4%(19/21),中位生存期为199d;对照组有效率(CR+PR)为47·6%(10/21),中位生存期为106d。结论微管心包腔闭式引流术治疗恶性心包积液的疗效佳,且安全、方便、易行,可作为治疗恶性心包积液的首选方法。     

下咽癌淋巴引流的活体显像研究

目的：探讨下咽癌颈淋巴结转移时肿瘤区域引流淋巴结的活体显像方法，从肿瘤活体淋巴引流的角度观察下咽癌前哨淋巴结和颈淋巴结转移的方式，为颈淋巴结清扫术提供指导信息。方法：在表面麻醉和喉内镜引导下，用特制的注射针将^99mTc标记的人球蛋白注入20例下咽癌的肿瘤部位，在注射后不同时间采用SPECT扫描观察放射性核素通过淋巴扩散的过程及其在引流淋巴结内的浓集，以明确前哨淋巴结的位置和肿瘤颈淋巴结引流过程。同时对颈淋巴清扫标本进行病理检查。结果：20例肿瘤引流淋巴结均获得满意活体显像，显像的淋巴结最大3．5cm，最小1．0cm；12例梨状窝癌的颈部引流淋巴结位于肿瘤侧，其余8例中线结构的肿瘤颈部引流淋巴结均具有明显的优势偏向，即单侧颈部引流现象，没有出现双侧对称引流的病例。20例肿瘤引流淋巴结主要分布在Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ区，未发现Ⅰ区和Ⅴ区显像的淋巴结。术后病理证实20例中有16例发现病理阳性淋巴结，且均位于引流优势侧，未出现对侧和双侧颈淋巴结转移的病例。结论：无论是中线结构或偏中线结构的下咽部癌肿，其向颈部的淋巴引流具有明显的优势偏向特点，术前进行引流淋巴结的活体显像对预测肿瘤转移部位和有目的地进行择区性颈淋巴结清扫术具有重要意义。     

肾损伤治疗体会

目的 探讨肾损伤的处理方法。方法 报告肾损伤58例，其中开放性损伤4例，闭合伤54例，复合伤4例。肾挫伤25例，肾裂伤23例，肾碎裂伤8例，肾蒂伤2例。结果 非手术治疗成功50例(86％)，肾切除6例(10.3％)，肾周引流2例(3．4％)。结论 绝大部分肾损伤可经保守治疗治愈。开放性损伤、肾碎裂伤和肾蒂损伤应及早开放手术，时机在伤后3d以内。以尿外渗为主要表现者，单纯肾周引流术不失为一种简单、有效的治疗选择。     

负压闭式引流在断肢再植中的临床应用

目的：探讨负压闭式引流（VCD）技术在断肢再植中的应用及疗效。方法：用VCD对13例肢体离断伤患者进行治疗。术后用50-60kPa中心负压吸引5-7d后全部行二期中厚皮片植皮。结果：用VCD5-7d后，本组创面均有不同程度的缩小，其肉芽组织新鲜，呈粉红色颗粒状，触之易出血，无局部及全身并发症发生，行二期中厚皮片植皮后创面愈合。离断肢体全部存活。结论：VCD可刺激肉芽组织生长，减轻组织水肿，降低感染率，不影响再植肢体的远端血供，用于断肢再植中效果好。     

Assessment of duodenal circular drainage operations to treat superior mesenteric artery syndrome

To assess the clinical value of duodenal circular drainage operation to treat superior mesenteric artery syndrome(SMAS). Methods Forty two cases of SMAS were treated with duodenal circular drainage operation from 1959 to 2001. Clinical data were analyzed retrospectively. Results In this group,37 cases were treated with duodenal circular drainage operation,and had good effect after follow- up of 1～15 years,the other 5 cases were first treated with anterior repositioning of the duodenum (1 case),gastrojejunostomy (1 case) ,duodeojejunostomy (2 cases) .subtotal gastrectomy and Billroth Ⅱ gastrqjejunostomy( 1 case), but vomiting was not relieved until duodenal circular drainage operation was performed again. Follow-up of 9～10 years revealed good effect. Conclusion In SMAS, if the reversed peristalsis is stronger and continuous,and vomiting appears frequently, the symptom can not be relieved even if the obstruction of duodenum is removed by operation. The key treatment is the relief of reversed peristalsis. Only the duodenal circular drainage operation could resolve the drainage direction of duodenal content and relieve the symptom of vomiting.