术中保温对持续输注顺式阿曲库铵代谢的影响

目的:观察患者术中保温对顺式阿曲库铵代谢过程的影响。方法:选择ASA(Ⅰ～Ⅱ)级行择期手术的患者24例,随机分为两组,Ⅰ组为对照组,Ⅱ组为术中保温组。Ⅱ组术中用保温毯保温,术中冲洗用盐水加温至37℃,用输液加温器加温输注液体,Ⅰ组对照组不做上述保温处理。选用四个成串刺激方式监测尺神经-拇内收肌神经传递功能,TOF频率为2Hz,串间间隔15s,刺激电流为50mA,当T1值恢复至10%时持续静脉泵注顺式阿曲库铵,并调节微泵速度,维持T1 10%,至缝合肌层后停止泵注,并记录顺式阿曲库铵的泵注量,T1恢复至25%、75%,TOF 90%的时间和患者的食道温度。结果:两组患者年龄、性别比例、体重差异及顺式阿曲库铵用量的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),Ⅰ组患者手术结束时的体温在36℃以下,Ⅱ组患者手术结束时体温在36℃以上。与Ⅰ组患者比较,Ⅱ组患者的肌松恢复时间明显缩短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:手术中对患者进行保温对于药物的代谢消除,减少药物残留造成围术期并发症有着重要的意义。     

Muskelrelaxanzien Neue Substanzen und neuromuskuläres Monitoring

Introduction: Recent developments in both the quantitative evaluation of neuromuscular blockade and new muscle relaxants are reviewed. With respect to nerve stimulation, neuromuscular recording, and definition of parameters, the results of the 1994 Copenhagen International Consensus Conference are highlighted. Future clinical studies should adhere to these standards. Muscle relaxants: Rocuronium, cisatracurium, and mivacurium are new muscle relaxants that were released for clinical use in 1995/1996. Of these, rocuronium has the shortest time of onset, whereas its recovery characteristics closely resemble those of vecuronium. Rocuronium is five times less potent than vecuronium. Twice the ED₉₅ of rocuronium provides good or excellent intubating conditions within 60 to 90?s. Slight vagolytic effects were reported following injection of 0.6?mg/kg rocuronium, while histamine release was not observed. Cisatracurium is one of the ten steroisomers of atracurium. It is five times as potent as the chiral mixture while having a similar pharmacodynamic and -kinetic profile. Up to eight times the ED₉₅ did not cause significant histamine release or clinically relevant cardiovascular effects. Mivacurium is a short-acting nondepolarizing benzylisoquinoline muscle relaxant that undergoes rapid breakdown by plasma cholinesterase (PChE). Its duration of action is about one-half as long as that of equipotent doses of atracurium and vecuronium and three times as long as succinylcholine. Mivacurium has a moderate histamine-releasing potential. In patients with atypical or reduced PChE activity, the duration of action of mivacurium is prolonged.     

顺式阿曲库铵和阿曲库铵用于全麻气管插管腹腔镜胆囊切除术中效果比较

目的 探讨顺式阿曲库铵和阿曲库铵在全麻气管插管腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的肌松效果及不良反应发生情况.方法 回顾性分析2014年2月-2015年10月行全麻气管插管的腹腔镜胆囊切除患者120例的临床资料,根据用药情况分为研究组68例和对照组52例,研究组给予顺式阿曲库铵,对照组给予阿曲库铵.观察2组气管插管完成率、气管插管条件、插管时声门暴露程度及肌松药起效时间,记录诱导前(T1)、插管后1 min(T2)、插管后15 min(T3)时血氧饱和度(SpO2)及心率变化情况,分析2组不良反应发生情况.结果 2组气管插管完成率、气管插管条件及插管时声门暴露程度良好率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).研究组起效时间长于对照组,总不良反应发生率低于对照组(P＜0.05).2组T1-3时点SpO2、心率组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 顺式阿曲库铵和阿曲库铵均可在全麻气管插管腹腔镜胆囊切除术中发挥理想的肌松效果,但顺式阿曲库铵安全性更高.     

体温对老年人顺式阿曲库铵与罗库溴铵恢复时相影响的比较

目的比较不同体温对老年患者术后顺式阿曲库铵和罗库溴铵肌肉松弛恢复的影响。方法择期在全身麻醉下行手术的老年患者80例,随机分为顺式阿曲库铵不保温、顺式阿曲库铵保温、罗库溴铵不保温及罗库溴铵保温组,每组20例。采用全身麻醉联合硬脊膜外腔阻滞麻醉,全身麻醉诱导气管插管时给予顺式阿曲库铵0.15mg/kg或罗库溴铵0.6mg/kg,术中肌肉松弛药经静脉输液泵输注维持,持续监测肌肉松弛和鼻咽温度,记录患者的药物累积剂量,手术时间,静脉注射肌肉松弛药到第1个肌颤搐高度(T1)最大抑制的时间(起效时间),T1从25%恢复到75%的时间(肌肉松弛恢复指数),T1恢复至25%到4个成串刺激(TOF)比值(TOFR,即TOF中第4个肌颤搐高度与T1的比值)恢复至90%的时间(完全恢复时间),以及麻醉诱导时、T1恢复至25%时、TOFR恢复至90%时的温度。结果术毕两个不保温组的体温显著低于两个保温组(P值均<0.01)。顺式阿曲库铵不保温、顺式阿曲库铵保温组的起效时间均显著长于罗库溴铵不保温、罗库溴铵保温组(P值均<0.01),肌肉松弛恢复指数则显著短于罗库溴铵不保温、罗库溴铵保温组(P值均<0.01)。顺式阿曲库铵保温组的完全恢复时间显著短于罗库溴铵保温组(P<0.01)。给予同一肌肉松弛药的两个保温组间起效时间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而肌肉松弛恢复指数和完全恢复时间均显著短于两个不保温组(P值均<0.05)。结论老年患者容易发生术中低体温,保温有助于肌肉松弛的恢复,且应用于顺式阿曲库铵的效果尤佳。     

Comparison of the variability of the onset and recovery from neuromuscular blockade with cisatracurium versus rocuronium in elderly patients under total intravenous anesthesia

This study was designed to compare the variability of the onset and offset of the effect of two neuromuscular blocking drugs with different elimination pathways in adult and elderly patients during total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA). After Ethics Committee approval and patients'' informed consent, the drugs were compared in 40 adult and 40 elderly patients scheduled for elective surgery under TIVA with tracheal intubation who were randomized to receive a single bolus dose of 0.15 mg/kg cisatracurium or 0.9 mg/kg rocuronium. The time of onset of maximum depression, duration of action, and recovery index time were measured and recorded for each patient and variability is reported as means ± standard deviation. Time of onset was significantly shorter for rocuronium than cisatracurium for the adult and elderly groups (P = 0.000), but the variability of cisatracurium was significantly greater compared with rocuronium for the same age groups (93.25 vs 37.01 s in the adult group and 64.56 vs 33.75 s in the elderly group; P = 0.000). The duration of the effect in the elderly group receiving rocuronium was significantly longer than in the elderly group receiving cisatracurium, and the variability of the duration was significantly greater in the rocuronium group than in the cisatracurium group. Mean time of recovery was significantly longer for the elderly group receiving rocuronium than for the elderly group receiving cisatracurium (P = 0.022), and variability was also greater (P = 0.002). Both drugs favored good intubating conditions. In conclusion, cisatracurium showed less variability in these parameters than rocuronium, especially in the elderly, a fact that may be of particular clinical interest.     

米库氯铵与顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵在腹腔镜手术围拔管期的临床观察

目的探讨持续输注米库氯铵较顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵在妇科腹腔镜手术中的应用是否具有优越性。方法选择拟行择期妇科腹腔镜手术的女性患者60例,ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级,随机分成持续输注顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵组（C组）和持续输注米库氯铵组（M组）,每组30例。经闭环肌松注射系统给予肌松药,采用4个成串刺激尺神经,通过拇内收肌的收缩反应以监测TOFr值（T4/T1）。记录两组患者围拔管期血流动力学变化、脑电双频指数（BIS）、神经肌肉功能的恢复及术后不良反应等。结果 C组与M组围拔管期血流动力学指标的变化无显著性差异（P〉0.05）;在手术结束即刻（T1）及拔管即刻（T2）两个时间点M组的BIS值高于C组且PETCO2值明显低于C组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;M组的TOFr恢复至25%、恢复指数时间、TOFr恢复至90%、术毕至拔除气管导管时间,苏醒室停留时间均明显小于C组（P〈0.05）;且M组肌松起效时间明显快于C组,增药次数及单位时间内用药量明显多于C组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;M组发生术后肌松残余者较C组少。结论经闭环肌松注射系统输注米库氯铵在围拔管期神经肌肉功能恢复快,术后肌松残余者少且不良反应轻微,较顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵更适合应用于腹腔镜手术。     

七氟烷与顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵在全麻中的协同作用

目的探讨七氟烷与顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵在全麻中是否存在协同作用及其安全性。方法纳入在乐山市市中区人民医院行全麻手术的患者80例,随机分为2组,各40例。丙泊酚组予丙泊酚4～8 mg/kg,间断泵注瑞芬太尼2μg/kg及顺式阿曲库铵2～5μg/kg;七氟烷组泵注瑞芬太尼2μg/kg及顺式阿曲库铵2～5μg/kg。麻醉期间监测患者的BP、Hr、P、SpO2、PETCO2和麻醉气体浓度。并记录起效时间、无反应时间、四连串刺激(TOF)恢复时间、肌松恢复时间指数、苏醒时间等。结果七氟烷组TOF恢复时间、恢复指数及拔管时间均较丙泊酚组明显延长,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);七氟烷组苏醒时间明显短于丙泊酚组,差异亦有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者治疗过程中均无不良反应事件发生。结论七氟烷可明显缩短苏醒时间,同时亦能明显延长肌松时间,联合顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵使用,临床应用安全。     

年龄对顺式阿曲库铵靶控输注药效学的影响

目的探讨靶控输注(TCI)顺式阿曲库铵时年龄对其药效学的影响。方法接受丙泊酚-N2O/O2-芬太尼复合麻醉的患者40例均分为Ⅰ组(62～85岁)和Ⅱ组(20～59岁)。在四个成串刺激(TOF)监测下静注顺式阿曲库铵0.15mg/kg。待TOF的T1为0时行气管插管,并对插管条件进行评级。待T1恢复至5%时开始TCI阿曲库铵,保持T1<10%。记录神经肌肉阻滞的起效时间、无反应期、阻滞维持时间和停药后肌松恢复时间,并记录顺式阿曲库铵的用药量。结果两组起效时间及恢复指数差异无统计学意义;Ⅰ组无反应期、阻滞维持时间和停药后肌松恢复时间明显长于Ⅱ组(P<0.05);顺式阿曲库铵的平均用药量明显少于Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。结论老年患者TCI顺式阿曲库铵用药量虽然相应减少,但其恢复过程仍较青壮年延长。     

复合小剂量阿曲库铵对顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵起效时间的影响

目的观察顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵同时复合阿曲库铵用于全凭静脉诱导的起效时间。方法择期全麻手术患者80例,随机均分为A、B、C、D四组。A组单用3ED95(0.15 mg/kg)顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵作为对照组;另三组分别用3ED95顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵复合阿曲库铵0.05 mg/kg(B组)、0.10 mg/kg(C组)或0.15 mg/kg(D组)。采用TOF-Watch SX肌松监测。静注咪唑安定0.05mg/kg、芬太尼5μg/kg、依托咪酯0.3 mg/kg及相应剂量肌松药,记录起效时间,进行气管插管条件评级。结果B、C、D组肌松起效时间依次加快,均明显短于A组(P<0.01),但B、C、D组之间差异无统计学意义。结论复合小剂量阿曲库铵能缩短3ED95顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵的起效时间。     

全凭静脉麻醉中持续输注顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵的药效学观察

目的探讨全凭静脉麻醉中持续输注顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵（Cis）的药效学特点。方法选择择期手术患者60例,随机分成四组,每组各15例。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组麻醉诱导后持续泵注Cis1．0、2．0、3．0ug／（kg·min）,Ⅳ组间断静脉注射Cis 0．1mg／kg。术中采用四个成串（TOF）刺激模式监测肌松效果。记录各组患者术中TOF值（TOFR）及停药后TOFR从0恢复到25％的时间（临床作用时间）,从0恢复到75％和从0恢复到90％的时间（体内作用时间）以及从25％恢复到75％的时间（恢复指数）。结果Ⅰ、Ⅱ组cis用药量[（59．1±9．6）、（116．7±11．5）ug／kg]比Ⅲ组[（174．9±23．1）ug／kg]和Ⅳ组[（177．2±20．4）ug／kg]显著减少（P〈0．01）,而Ⅲ、Ⅳ组Cis用药量相近（P〉0．05）;术中Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组患者TOFR的最大值（TOFRmax）[（18．5±3．6）％、（6．4±2．7）％、0]明显小于Ⅳ组[（25．0±0．0）％]（P〈0．01）;临床作用时间和体内作用时间均短于Ⅳ组（P〈0．01）;肌松恢复指数各组间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。随着Cis剂量的增加,各组TOFRmax相应减小（P〈0．01）,临床作用时间和体内作用时间相应延长（P〈0．05）。结论静脉持续输注Cis无药物蓄积作用,恢复指数无延长,肌松恢复时间更短。