慢性肾脏病非透析患者脑钠素与动脉粥样硬化及心功能的关系

目的 研究脑钠素（BNP）与慢性肾脏病（CKD）非透析患者动脉粥样硬化及心功能不全的关系。 方法 采用双抗夹心免疫荧光法检测203例CKD非透析患者与16例高血压患者对照组全血BNP水平，分析其与颈动脉超声结果、心脏彩超结果及既往心血管疾病史的关系。 结果 CKD非透析患者BNP水平与对照组相比显著升高[M（范围）：54.40(15.10～ 173.00) ng/L比9.35(7.35～15.00) ng/L，P < 0.01]。Spearman相关分析显示CKD患者BNP与颈动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT）、左室心肌重量指数（LVMI）等呈正相关。存在颈动脉斑块、左室肥厚或既往发生过心血管事件的患者血BNP水平显著增高。多元回归分析显示LVMI、既往心血管事件均是影响BNP水平的独立因素。 结论 CKD非透析患者BNP水平和动脉粥样硬化性疾病、左室肥厚及心功能不全相关，提示BNP水平可作为一项评价CKD非透析患者心功能及动脉粥样硬化的敏感生物学指标。     

罗格列酮对实验性慢性环孢素肾病的作用

目的 探讨罗格列酮（RSG）对慢性环孢素肾病（CCN）大鼠模型的肾保护作用。 方法 低盐饮食基础上建立CCN大鼠模型，其中1组模型鼠用RSG同时灌胃。分别在实验开始后第14天和第35天处死动物，检测血浆和肾组织血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）、AngⅡ1型受体(AT1R)、转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)、细胞外调节蛋白激酶（p-ERK）、α-SMA和纤连蛋白（FN）的表达。在体外用不同浓度的CsA和RSG孵育NRK细胞。RT-PCR检测肾皮质TGF-β1，Western印迹分析检测FN、AT1R、p-ERK水平。 结果 RSG可改善环孢素A导致的大鼠肌酐清除率的下降[（0.586±0.094）比(1.072±0.105)ml&#8226;min^-1&#8226;kg^-1，P < 0.01]、血浆和肾组织AngⅡ水平增加（P < 0.01）、肾间质单核细胞浸润（P < 0.01）、肾间质纤维化（1.707±0.019 比 2.335±0.022，P < 0.01）、肾组织α-SMA表达增加（P < 0.01）、肾皮质TGF-β1 mRNA水平增加（P < 0.01）、NRK细胞FN、AT1R和p-ERK蛋白水平增加（P < 0.05）。 结论 RSG可能通过减轻炎细胞浸润、影响AngⅡ作用和下调TGF-β1等途径减轻CsA所致的肾组织损伤。     

Evacuation of hematomas using liposuction technology: Technique and literature review

Established nonexpanding hematomas can be successfully treated with minimal morbidity using standard liposucstion techniques at the bedside or in an outpatient setting under local anesthesia. The authors presents a series of eight patients and discuss current concepts of dealing with this common and distressing surgical complication.     

慢性多发性肌炎临床及病理分析

目的探讨慢性多发性肌炎的发病机制、临床和病理特征。方法回顾性分析95例慢性多发性肌炎患者临床表现、肌酶学和肌电图检查结果,总结肌肉病理学特征。结果慢性多发性肌炎以四肢近端肌无力、肌萎缩为主要表现,血清酶谱轻-中度增高,肌电图以肌源性损害为主,病理改变为灶性坏死、炎性细胞浸润与再生肌纤维共存。结论临床特点结合病理学检查有助于慢性多发性肌炎的诊断,多数患者激素治疗有效。     

头部外伤诱发颅内肿瘤卒中

目的 通过复习文献，对颅内肿瘤引起的颅内出血发生机制和临床特点进行探讨，旨在引起临床医师们的重视，以减少误诊误治。方法 本文报告9例误诊为外伤性颅内血肿的瘤卒中患者，其中5例术中发现颅内肿瘤同时切除，3例术后复查CT发现颅内肿瘤，二次手术切除。结果 全部病例随访6月，4例死亡，5例存活。结论 对疑为瘤卒中的颅内血肿患者，除仔细询问病史，全面体查外，术中应仔细寻找出血源，观察周围脑组织的改变，对可疑病变组织、血块及其腔壁一并切除，分送病检，从而作出正确的治疗方案。     

Medical management of chronic pancreatitis

慢性胰腺炎的临床表现包括疼痛、脂肪泻和糖尿病。在西方国家，慢性胰腺炎最常见的病因是酗酒。70％以上的病人在就诊时有疼痛的临床表现，而且，这些患者中又有75％以上会在几年之后出现疼痛减轻或完全消失。对于所有的慢性胰腺炎的病人来说，均应排除非胰源性疼痛和胆道梗阻、胰腺假性囊肿等胰腺局部并发症。应建议所有慢性胰腺炎病人戒烟、戒酒。阿片类镇痛剂仅应用于治疗疼痛严重的病人。尽管有报道认为胰酶替代治疗有助于止痛，但是，对于已经确诊的慢性胰腺炎病人来说，该疗法无效。激素类药物进行腹腔神经丛阻滞术可能有助于病人度过剧烈疼痛期。顽固性疼痛是进行胰液引流或胰腺切除的适应证。建议应用适量胰酶替代联合(或不联合)制酸剂治疗营养不良。慢性胰腺炎导致的糖尿病与原发性糖尿病的治疗原则相似。     

等密度硬膜下血肿的CT诊断(附47例分析)

本文分析了47例等密度硬膜下血肿的CT表现,观测的各种CT征象,发现(1)bolus增强扫描显示的血肿、血肿膜及表面移位血管;(2)中线结构的特征性偏移;(3)表面脑回聚拢内移;(4)脑灰白质界面内移;(5)侧脑室变形和脑—脑室指数变小,对等密度硬膜下血肿的诊断和鉴别诊断有重要意义。     

Are chronic wheezing and asthma-like attacks related to FEV1 decline? The Cracow study

Analysis is presented of the relationship between decline in ventilatory function and possible symptoms of bronchial hypereactivity. Data comes from three consecutive surveys within a 13-year follow-up study of a population sample of 1747 persons (718 males and 1029 females) who completed spirometric testing and interviews. Chest symptoms recorded in the two initial surveys were used as baselines for the prognostic study on FEV₁ change. To evaluate changes in lung function the FEV₁ decline index, expressed as percentage of FEV₁ loss during the study period, was calculated. Chronic wheezing and asthma-like attacks were very strongly related to FEV₁ baseline level. Multiple linear regression analysis for each separate symptom including age and smoking habits as confounders and showed that the FEV₁ decline index was higher and more significant when wheezing and asthma-like attacks or chronic cough were present. When the combination of symptoms were introduced into the regression model, the effect of wheezing became insignificant. Only attacks of shortness of breath in both sexes and chronic cough in women were significantly associated with more rapid FEV₁ decline. However, the effect of persistent wheezing in men had a rather substantial impact on FEV₁ change. Comparing the effect of the number of cigarettes smoked with the effect of symptoms, one can see that FEV₁ decline due to attacks of shortness of breath is comparable to that seen with heavy smoking. There was no strong evidence that the symptoms under study precede the more rapid FEV₁ decline.     

Computed tomography features immediately after replacement of haematoma with oxygen through percutaneous subdural tapping for the treatment of chronic subdural haematoma in adults

Summary In an effort to achieve a simple and less invasive method for the treatment of chronic subdural haematoma, replacement of the haematoma with oxygen by percutaneous subdural tapping was employed in 36 patients. This study was conducted on 23 haematomas in 20 patients, whose computed tomography (CT) scans immediately following the treatment were available for evaluation, with particular regard to distinguishing between their findings and those seen with tension pneumocephalus. The CT features werde divided into two patterns according to the location of oxygen; a convexity type (19 haematomas) and an interhemispheric type (4 haematomas). Analysis of the CT appearances revealed the oxygen was exclusively confined to the haematoma cavity, distinguishing it from the findings in tension pneumocephalus. This observation indicates the safety of replacement of the haematoma with oxygen when combined with our percutaneuous subdural tapping technique which prevents lesions of the inner haematoma membrane.