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941.
Jian Su Hui He Yu-Kun Li Hong Xia Fang Liu Ying Zeng Xi Zeng Hui Ling Bo Su Qi Su 《Yao wu shi pin fen xi = Journal of food and drug analysis.》2014,30(3):479
Overactivation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway due to dysfunction of retinoid-related orphan receptor α (RORα) is related to cancer development and progression. Diallyl disulfide (DADS), an active component of garlic, has been reported in our previous study for upregulation of RORα expression in gastric cancer (GC) cells. It remains to be elucidated the role and mechanism of RORα in DADS against GC. This study revealed that DADS treatment resulted in reduced expression levels of Wnt1, β-catenin, TCF-4, intranuclear β-catenin and p-β-catenin in GC cells, concomitant with the compromised expression of β-catenin target genes (Axin, c-Jun, and c-Myc). RORα overexpression augmented DADS-induced downregulation of Wnt1/β-catenin pathway, G2/M phase arrest, and cell growth inhibition in vitro and in vivo. Contrarily, knockdown of RORα attenuated these effects of DADS. Interestingly, DADS induced an increase in the binding of RORα to β-catenin, which may lead to reduction of β-catenin phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. This interplay modulated by DADS may affect β-catenin target gene expression for that the opposite results were observed in DADS-treated RORα knockdown and overexpression cells. DADS caused a decrease in vimentin, snail and MMP-9, as well as an increase in E-cadherin and TIMP3 expression, which restricted epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, and invasion. The aforementioned effects of DADS were weakened simultaneously when the suppression of DADS on the Wnt1/β-catenin pathway was resisted by knockdown of RORα. In contrast, overexpression of RORα enhanced the effects of DADS. Therefore, RORα-mediated downregulation of Wnt1/β-catenin pathway could undertake an important role in anticancer activity of DADS against GC cell proliferation, EMT, migration, and invasion. 相似文献
942.
Jochem W. van der Veen Lya G. Soeteman-Hernández Janine Ezendam Rob Stierum Frieke C. Kuper Henk van Loveren 《Critical reviews in toxicology》2014,44(7):590-599
Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a hypersensitivity immune response induced by small protein-reactive chemicals. Currently, the murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) provides hazard identification and quantitative estimation of sensitizing potency. Given the complexity of ACD, a single alternative method cannot replace the LLNA, but it is necessary to combine methods through an integrated testing strategy (ITS). In the development of an ITS, information regarding mechanisms and molecular processes involved in skin sensitization is crucial. The recently published adverse outcome pathway (AOP) for skin sensitization captures mechanistic knowledge into key events that lead to ACD. To understand the molecular processes in ACD, a systematic review of murine in vivo studies was performed and an ACD molecular map was constructed. In addition, comparing the molecular map to the limited human in vivo toxicogenomic data available suggests that certain processes are similarly triggered in mice and humans, but additional human data will be needed to confirm these findings and identify differences. To gain insight in the molecular mechanisms represented by various human in vitro systems, the map was compared to in vitro toxicogenomic data. This analysis allows for comparison of emerging in vitro methods on a molecular basis, in addition to mathematical predictive value. Finally, a survey of the current in silico, in chemico, and in vitro methods was used to indicate which AOP key event is modeled by each method. By anchoring emerging classification methods to the AOP and the ACD molecular map, complementing methods can be identified, which provides a cornerstone for the development of a testing strategy that accurately reflects the key events in skin sensitization. 相似文献
943.
《Environmental toxicology and pharmacology》2014,37(3):801-806
HI-6 is used as an antidote to nerve agents. It can also act as an antagonist to acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) including the nicotinic receptor, α 7 nAChR which is involved in regulating the immune response through macrophages. This experiment investigated the efficacy of HI-6 to regulate the immune response. Laboratory BALB/c mice received HI-6 and/or keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) as an antigen. Antibody production was investigated after either 21 or 65 days when either single or repeated dose of antigen was applied. We confirmed that HI-6 significantly improved vaccination efficacy when KLH was given in a dose of 1 mg/kg. The effect was dose dependent. A combination of HI-6 and KLH produced a vaccination of almost the same efficacy as that for Freund's complete adjuvant. The findings point at the suitability of HI-6 for improving vaccination efficacy at the level of immunity regulation by the nervous system. 相似文献
944.
945.
目的分析临床路径下急性脑梗死药物治疗的成本-效果,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法采用回顾性分析法对本市4家综合医院2012年1月2013年6月入住的630例患者筛选分为3组,即Z(中成药物)组210例、H(化学药物)组210例、L(联合用药)组210例。应用药物治疗疗程均为14 d,运用药物经济学中成本-效果分析。结果 3组治疗方案的人均成本分别为:3 235.8元、3 695.04元、4 605.8元;显效率分别为:65.24%、77.14%、92.86%。结论 3种治疗方案中L1组最佳。 相似文献
946.
Cheryl T. Lee Sam S. Chang Ashish M. Kamat Gilad Amiel Timothy L. Beard Amr Fergany R. Jeffrey Karnes Andrea Kurz Venu Menon Wade J. Sexton Joel W. Slaton Robert S. Svatek Shandra S. Wilson Lee Techner Richard Bihrle Gary D. Steinberg Michael Koch 《European urology》2014
Background
Radical cystectomy (RC) for bladder cancer is frequently associated with delayed gastrointestinal (GI) recovery that prolongs hospital length of stay (LOS).Objective
To assess the efficacy of alvimopan to accelerate GI recovery after RC.Design, setting, and participants
We conducted a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial in patients undergoing RC and receiving postoperative intravenous patient-controlled opioid analgesics.Intervention
Oral alvimopan 12 mg (maximum: 15 inpatient doses) versus placebo.Outcome measurements and statistical analysis
The two-component primary end point was time to upper (first tolerance of solid food) and lower (first bowel movement) GI recovery (GI-2). Time to discharge order written, postoperative LOS, postoperative ileus (POI)-related morbidity, opioid consumption, and adverse events (AEs) were evaluated. An independent adjudication of cardiovascular AEs was performed.Results and limitations
Patients were randomized to alvimopan (n = 143) or placebo (n = 137); 277 patients were included in the modified intention-to-treat population. The alvimopan cohort experienced quicker GI-2 recovery (5.5 vs 6.8 d; hazard ratio: 1.8; p < 0.0001), shorter mean LOS (7.4 vs 10.1 d; p = 0.0051), and fewer episodes of POI-related morbidity (8.4% vs 29.1%; p < 0.001). The incidence of opioid consumption and AEs or serious AEs (SAEs) was comparable except for POI, which was lower in the alvimopan group (AEs: 7% vs 26%; SAEs: 5% vs 20%, respectively). Cardiovascular AEs occurred in 8.4% (alvimopan) and 15.3% (placebo) of patients (p = 0.09). Generalizability may be limited due to the exclusion of epidural analgesia and the inclusion of mostly high-volume centers utilizing open laparotomy.Conclusions
Alvimopan is a useful addition to a standardized care pathway in patients undergoing RC by accelerating GI recovery and shortening LOS, with a safety profile similar to placebo.Patient summary
This study examined the effects of alvimopan on bowel recovery in patients undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. Patients receiving alvimopan experienced quicker bowel recovery and had a shorter hospital stay compared with those who received placebo, with comparable safety.Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00708201 相似文献947.
Enhanced recovery pathways have been rapidly embraced by surgeons as a mechanism for improving patient care and driving down complications and costs. They seek to employ a holistic approach, reviewing all aspects of patient management, to improve care. Many components are dissimilar to traditional surgical teaching, involving early mobilization and enteral nutrition, as well as a strong emphasis on fluid balance and pain management. By addressing all components of the patient pathway from preoperative through to post-surgery, significant improvement in outcomes can be achieved for a range of surgical procedures. 相似文献
948.
949.
Amanda K. Goon BA David M. Dines MD Edward V. Craig MD MPH Michael A. Gordon MD Enrique A. Goytizolo MD Yi Lin MD PhD Emily Lin MD Jacques T. YaDeau MD PhD 《HSS journal》2014,10(2):100-106
Background
Appropriate pain management after total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) facilitates rehabilitation and may improve clinical outcomes.Questions/purposes
This prospective, observational study evaluated a multimodal analgesia clinical pathway for TSA.Methods
Ten TSA patients received an interscalene nerve block (25 cm3 0.375% ropivacaine) with intraoperative general anesthesia. Postoperative analgesia included regularly scheduled non-opioid analgesics (meloxicam, acetaminophen, and pregabalin) and opioids on demand (oral oxycodone and intravenous patient-controlled hydromorphone). Patients were evaluated twice daily to assess pain, anterior deltoid strength, handgrip strength, and sensory function.Results
The nerve block lasted an average of 18 h. Patients had minimal pain after surgery; 0 (median score on a 0–10 scale) in the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) but increased on postoperative day (POD) 1 to 2.3 (0.0, 3.8; median (25%, 75%)) at rest and 3.8 (2.1, 6.1) with movement. Half of the patients activated the patient-controlled analgesia four or fewer times in the first 24 h after surgery. Operative anterior deltoid strength was 0 in the PACU but returned to 68% by POD 1. Operative hand strength was 0 (median) in the PACU, but the third quartile (75%) had normalized strength 49% of preoperative value.Conclusions
Patients did well with this multimodal analgesic protocol. Pain scores were low, half of the patients used little or no intravenous opiate, and some patients had good handgrip strength. Future research can focus on increasing duration of analgesia from the nerve block, minimizing motor block, lowering pain scores, and avoiding intravenous opioids. 相似文献950.
Recent studies have demonstrated that wheat peptides protected rats against non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-induced small intestinal epithelial cells damage, but the mechanism of action is unclear. In the present study, an indomethacin-induced oxidative stress model was used to investigate the effect of wheat peptides on the nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)-inducible nitric oxide synthase-nitric oxide signal pathway in intestinal epithelial cells-6 cells. IEC-6 cells were treated with wheat peptides (0, 125, 500 and 2000 mg/L) for 24 h, followed by 90 mg/L indomethacin for 12 h. Wheat peptides significantly attenuated the indomethacin-induced decrease in superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity. Wheat peptides at 2000 mg/L markedly decreased the expression of the NF-κB in response to indomethacin-induced oxidative stress. This study demonstrated that the addition of wheat peptides to a culture medium significantly inhibited the indomethacin-induced release of malondialdehyde and nitrogen monoxide, and increased antioxidant enzyme activity in IEC-6 cells, thereby providing a possible explanation for the protective effect proposed for wheat peptides in the prevention of indomethacin-induced oxidative stress in small intestinal epithelial cells. 相似文献