蓝-黄视野计与标准的白-白视野计对早期原发性开角型青光眼视野的对比研究

目的　评价蓝 -黄视野计 (blue- on- yellow perim etry,B/ Y)又称短波长视野计 (short- wavelength auto-mated perim etry,SWAP)与标准的白色视野计 (white- on- white perimetry,W/ W)在早期青光眼视野损害诊断中的意义。方法　利用 Hum phrey- - 75 0型全自动视野计 C- 30 - 2全阈值检测程序对 2 0例 (4 0只眼 )正常人、2 0例 (36只眼 )可疑青光眼、18例 (32只眼 )确诊的早期原发性开角型青光眼 (primary open- angle glaucoma,POAG)分别进行 W/ W与 B/ Y的视野检查。结果　正常人、可疑青光眼、早期青光眼 B/ Y检测的全视网膜光敏感度均值 (MS)低于 W/ W检测的结果 ,两者有显著性意义 (t=11.6 8,P <0 .0 1;t=14 .0 1,P <0 .0 1;t=14 .6 8,P <0 .0 1)。B/ Y检测光敏感度缺损均值 (MD)与 W/ W检测的结果 ,正常人组无显著性意义 (t=1.0 4 ,P <0 .0 1) ,其它两组有显著性意义 (t=4 .88,P <0 .0 1;t=3.378,P <0 .0 1)。W/ W检查正常人组与可疑性青光眼的 MS差别无显著意义 (t=2 .5 4 ,P >0 .0 1) ,B/ Y有显著意义 (t=5 .5 7,P <0 .0 1)。两组的 MD差别均有显著意义 (t=3.16 ,P <0 .0 1,t=6 .2 6 ,P <0 .0 1) ;W/ W与 B/ Y检查正常人组与早期青光眼组的 MS差别有显著意义 (t=6 .4 7,P <0 .0 ;t=10 .19,P     

哈萨克族牧民慢性闭角型青光眼前房角组织病理研究及临床意义

目的:观察研究新疆哈萨克族慢性闭角型青光眼患者前房角组织的病理改变及临床意义。方法:对手术切除的小梁和虹膜组织常规脱水石蜡包埋,作矢状连续切片,苏木素-伊红染色,光镜下观察。结果:镜下见小梁网眼变窄或消失,内皮细胞减少,小梁网中有色素沉积,部分小梁网完全被色素斑块遮盖,看不清小梁结构,部分可见小梁虹膜并置,小梁纤维化伴玻璃样变性。Schlemm腔内壁内皮细胞不同程度增生,致管腔呈不规则狭窄甚至管腔闭塞,部分管腔内可见色素沉积。虹膜变薄,基质疏松,有的虹膜间质血管壁增厚并呈玻璃样变,部分可见虹膜间质薄壁血管形成。结论:慢性闭角型青光眼前房角组织的病理损伤是一个渐进的过程,早期诊断,早期治疗,既可以有效地防止视功能的损害,又能有效地预防因高眼压而造成的前房角组织的损害。     

Stratus相干光断层扫描仪检测激光虹膜切开术前后的房角变化

目的探索Stratus相干光断层扫描仪(OCT)对闭角型青光眼眼前房角观察的方法。设计前瞻性病例系列。研究对象原发性闭角型青光眼患者38例(56眼)。方法利用Stratus OCT对早期原发性闭角型青光眼患者激光虹膜切开术前及术后4周的前房角进行形态学观察,用Photoshop软件对前房角开放的角度进行描绘和测量。主要指标房角开放角度,前房深度与角膜厚度比。结果Stratus OCT可用来显示眼前房角形态,获取清晰的图像。激光虹膜切开术术前、术后的房角开放角度分别为(15.67±5.33)度、(26.56±8.17)度(P=0.000);前房深度与角膜厚度的比值分别为(0.39±0.13)、(0.89 0.32)(P=0.000)。结论Stratus OCT可便捷地用于了解前房角的宽度改变,但对量化手段和标准需进一步完善。     

单眼原发性急性闭角型青光眼的临床分析

目的 研究单侧眼发病的原发性急性闭角型青光眼患者的临床特点。方法 对14例确诊为单侧眼发病的原发性急性闭角型青光眼患者双眼的视力、眼压、前房深度、房角形态、屈光状况及眼球轴长等多种参数进行分析和比较。结果 双眼前房深度：发病眼前房轴深，最浅眼为1．4mm，最深眼为2．04mm，平均为1．89mm；周边前房深度均小于1／4CT或完全消失。未发病眼前房轴深，最浅眼为2．45mm，最深眼为3．62mm，平均为2．73mm；周边前房深度均大于1／3CT。双眼房角状态：发病眼全部为窄Ⅳ房角，并且都存在不同程度的粘连闭合。未发病眼均为窄Ⅰ至宽房角，无粘连闭合。双眼屈光状态：发病眼14只全部为远视，远视度数为 200至 450度；未发病眼中正视3眼，近视11眼，其近视度数为-320至-850度。双眼眼球轴长：发病眼眼轴最短的为20．8mm，最长的为22．5mm，平均为21．3mm；未发病眼眼轴最短的为23．4mm，最长31mm，平均为27．1mm。结论 前房浅、房角窄是原发性急性闭角型青光眼发病的解剖基础。并非所有的原发性急性闭角型青光眼患者都一定双眼发病，一只眼发生原发性急性闭角型青光眼，另一只眼若不存在前房浅、房角窄这一发病的解剖基础，则不会发生同样性质的青光眼。     

Role of pilocarpine use following laser peripheral iridotomy in eyes with refractory acute angle closure glaucoma: A case report and literature review

Rationale:Angle closure glaucoma (ACG) is one of the most emergent types of glaucoma in clinical practice. Laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) could minimize pupillary block and prevent ACG from an acute attack. However, recurrent increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) may still occur despite successful LPI. The aim of this study is to highlight the importance of postLPI pilocarpine use and larger LPI size as well as to share some experiences of cataract surgery in patients with ACG.Patient concerns:A 63-year-old female was referred to our hospital for headache, and poor control of IOP in the right eye for 3 hours.Diagnoses:The patient was diagnosed ACG in the right eye. Recurrence of ACG in the right eye and new-onset and recurrent ACG in the left eye were noted during follow-up, despite successful LPI. The diagnosis was confirmed through slit lamp and gonioscope examination.Interventions:The LPI size was enlarged and pilocarpine use was maintained at 2% (1 drop 4 times a day) in both the eyes. Finally, cataract surgery was performed in both the eyes.Outcomes:No recurrence of ACG was noted during postLPI pilocarpine use in both the eyes. The postoperative IOP was stable for >6 months after cataract surgery without any surgical intervention or antiglaucoma medication use. No discomfort or major complication was observed.Conclusion:This report highlights the importance of postLPI pilocarpine use and larger LPI size in patients with refractory ACG.     

颈胸交界处椎体结核的个性化手术治疗策略

目的探讨颈胸交界处椎体结核个性化手术治疗方法。方法回顾性分析2006年6月-2012年6月收治的16例颈、胸交界处椎体结核,6例采用低位下颈椎前方入路联合胸骨柄劈开术,5例采用右侧前方经肩胛下开胸入路,5例采用单纯经后路入路,行病灶清除、椎体间钛网植入（或植骨）及内固定术治疗。结果16例均获得随访,时间平均2年,患者血红细胞沉降率恢复正常,植骨完全融合,无螺钉松动、脱落及钢板断裂等并发症。术后神经功能恢复按Frankel分级,全部恢复到E级。结核病灶无复发,术后后凸Cobb角较术前明显改善,末次随访后凸Cobb角无明显丢失。结论颈胸交界处椎体结核应根据不同节段椎体及椎体破坏程度选择不同的手术入路及固定方法。     

Oblique Low-Velocity Impact Response and Damage Behavior of Carbon-Epoxy Composite Laminates

The low-velocity impact behavior of carbon-epoxy cross-ply composites was numerically investigated, examining the effect of impact angle. A plastic continuum damage model, introducing the cohesive interface to describe delamination damage, was established and was validated by available experimental data. Impact histories, progressive deformation, stress transfer, and impact damage are respectively discussed. The results show that an increase in impact angle intensifies the action of tangential force, and gradually transfers energy absorption from normal plastic deformation to tangential deformation and friction, which dissipates more energy through relatively longer contact duration and larger impactor displacement. The delamination damage to upper layers is more affected by tangential loads, intensifying with the increase of the impact angle, and the damage area to the top interface is increased by 132.1% from 0° impact to 60° impact. Meanwhile, the delamination damage to lower layers is mainly determined by normal loads, weakening with the increasing impact angle overall, and the damage area of the lowest interface decreases by 36.6% from 0° impact to 60° impact.     

可疑性原发性房角关闭和原发性房角关闭与PACG解剖结构的比较

目的:探讨可疑性原发性房角关闭(primary angle closure suspect,PACS)、原发性房角关闭(primary angle closure,PAC)及原发性闭角型青光眼(primary angle-closure glaucoma,PACG)解剖结构的异同。方法:采用国际区域性流行病学眼科学会(International Society of Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology,ISGEO)的分类系统,分为4组:正常对照组(47例47眼)、PACS组(157例157眼),PAC组(96例96眼)及PACG组(86例86眼)。应用NIDEK Echoscan US-1800型A型超声测量系统对被测者眼部解剖结构(前房深度、晶状体厚度、眼轴长度、晶状体相对位置)进行测量,各项均值进行组间差异比较。结果:正常人、PACS和PAC与PACG的年龄、晶状体厚度依次增高(P<0.05),前房深度、晶状体相对位置依次递减(P<0.05);与正常人相比,PACS和PAC与PACG除眼轴外其余的参数都有差异(P<0.05);与PACG相比,正常人、PACS和PAC的解剖结构参数都存在差异(P<0.05);但PAC与PACG两组相比,除前房深度、晶状体相对位置外,其余的各项解剖参数相比无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:从正常人、PACS、PAC到PACG的前房深度变浅、眼轴变短、晶状体相对位置靠前。前房深度、晶状体相对位置对PACG的早期诊断及预防有一定的临床价值。     

青光眼引流钉植入术治疗难治性开角型青光眼的疗效

目的:观察青光眼引流钉植入术治疗难治性青光眼的疗效.方法:对联合应用抗青光眼药物无法控制的难治性开角型青光眼1 9例19只眼行青光眼引流钉植入术,术中应用丝裂霉素(2 mg/6～8 mL,2.5～4 min)及可松解缝线.术后1天、2周和1、3、6、12个月进行随访,观察眼压、视力、滤过泡形态、前房深度、眼底C/D、降眼压药物使用情况、完全及部分成功率及有无并发症等情况.结果:19例患者中,术后完全成功率78.9％(1 5例),部分成功率10.5％(2例),失败10.5％(2例).术前用3～5种降眼压药,眼压控制于27.7±10.1 mmHg.术后随访仅三人需使用1～2种降压药物.眼压下降组间有显著性意义(P＜0.001).与术前相比,术后1天(11.8±7.7 mmHg,P＜0.001),术后2周(10.1-±4.2 mmHg,P＜0.05),1个月(12.0±4.0 mmHg,P=0.001),6个月(12.2±3.4 mmHg,P＜0.001),1年(13.1±3.3 mmHg,P=0.001)及2年随访(14.5±2.5 mmHg,P=0.001),眼压下降均具有显著性意义.术后患者视力、前房深度及C/D改变差异无显著性意义.末次随访滤过泡弥散隆起57.9％(11例),微囊型15.8％(3例),瘢痕型21.1％(4例),包裹型5.3％(1例).所有患者均未观察到明显的术后并发症的发生.结论:房水引流钉植入术治疗难治性开角型青光眼手术成功率高,并发症少,值得推广.     

转化生长因子β1对体外培养的牛眼小梁细胞MMP3和MMP9表达的影响

目的 探讨转化生长因子β1（TGF-β1）对培养的牛眼小梁细胞基质金属蛋白酶（MMPs)的影响。房水引流阻力在原发性开角型青光眼（POAG）发病机制中的作用。方法 对牛眼小梁细胞进行体外原代及传代培养，对传三代小梁细胞分别施加含TGF-β1终浓度为0、0.5,1,5ng/ml的培养液，48h后行MMP3及MM农艺师免疫组人SP法染色。结果进行计算机图像分析并行统计学检验。结果 体外培养的牛眼小梁细胞表达MMP3及MMP9，TGF-β1可抑制小梁细胞MMP3及MMP9表达。结论 TGF-β1在一定范围内抑制小梁细胞MMP3及MMP9表达，造成小梁网ECM的异常堆积，导致房水引流阻力增高。