The effect of comonomer composition, silane heating, and filler type on aqueous TEGDMA leachability in model resin composites

Experimental composites using either bisGMA/TEGDMA or UEDMA/ TEGDMA matrices, quartz or barium glass fillers, and 2 different filler silanization methods were evaluated regarding monomer leachability in distilled water. The leached amount was detected and quantified using gas chromatography. The results showed that twice as much TEGDMA is leached from a bisGMA/TEGDMA based composite than from an UEDMA/ TEGDMA based composite, when both contain 50 wt% TEGDMA. The hypothesis suggested that the higher degree of cure of UEDMA/TEGDMA based composites would be reflected in a lower monomer leaching value, and this hypothesis was supported by the findings. Whether such a correlation exists within groups of UEDMA/TEGDMA based matrices having different degrees of cure was not determined and needs to be investigated in future studies. Variables such as filler composition and silane treatment did not affect the leaching values of TEGDMA in water. That finding suggests that future studies should target differences in matrices, and that the need for considering effects of filler composition and silane treatment methods should not receive the same priority.     

Multiple Cerebral Haematomata and Peripheral Nerve Palsies Associated with a Case of Juvenile Diabetic Ketoacidosis

A 15-year-old girl presented de novo in diabetic ketoacidosis having been comatose for 24 h (day 1). A CT scan and lumbar puncture performed on admission were normal and her conscious level slowly improved over several days. On day 7 she had central neurological signs of bilateral knee clonus and an extensor plantar response. In addition, she had developed lower motor neurological signs of an ulnar nerve palsy of the left forearm, and ulnar, median, and radial nerve palsies of the right forearm. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), performed on day 12, showed multiple small cerebral haematomata with appearances at least several days of age. The scattered lesions were localized particularly to the parieto-occipital region, with sparing of the basal ganglia and without cerebral oedema, a novel feature not previously described in juvenile ketoacidosis. Four months later there was minimal residual disability of her right arm. The clinical findings together with the MRI images suggested that the peripheral nerve and central lesions were temporally related, suggesting a common aetiology. However, it is likely that MRI showed cerebral lesions which may have been missed by the conventional CT scanning performed initially.     

The Doppler guide wire: clinical applications in neuroendovascular treatment

The application of Doppler-tipped guide wires to measure blood flow velocity in coronary and peripheral arteries has been described previously as a valuable means of functional assessment in interventional cardiological procedures. In animal studies intravascular Doppler has been used in the cerebrovascular system, and this appears to be an important field of application for this new technique. We used intravascular haemodynamic monitoring by the Doppler guide wire during neuroendovascular procedures in patients with different cerebrovascular diseases and evaluated the clinical feasibility of the method. We found it a safe technique which complements morphological angiographic information with valuable functional data. Further studies may be expected to demonstrate the relation of flow parameters to clinical outcome. Received: 16 January 1996 Accepted: 30 January 1996     

Tubal patency and fertility outcome after expectant management of ectopic pregnancy

Objective: To study tubal patency and fertility outcome of patients with expectantly managed ectopic pregnancy (EP).

Design: A prospective study.

Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Central Hospital, Turku, Finland.

Patient(s): Thirty patients who wanted to become pregnant again were treated successfully by expectant management of EP.

Intervention(s): Patients were examined with posttreatment hysterosalpingography, and they filled out a questionnaire about their subsequent pregnancies.

Main Outcome Measure(s): Free passage through open lumen showing tubal patency; number of full-term pregnancies and EPs revealing relative rate of subsequent fertility.

Result(s): A free passage through the diseased tube was seen in 93% of the cases (28 of 30). Two of the 24 patients (8.4%) who wanted to become pregnant had an obstruction in the diseased tube. One (4.2%) of them had a normal opposite tube and later had a normal pregnancy. The other (4.2%) had an obstruction in both tubes and subsequently had a repeat EP. One of the 6 patients had an EP (this patient did not want to become pregnant and did not use contraception). However, her posttreatment hysterosalpingography was normal. In total, the subsequent pregnancy rate was 88% (21 of 24), and the rate of repeat EP was 4.2% (1 of 24).

Conclusion(s): Patients who are treated with expectant management have a good long-term fertility outcome. Spontaneous regression of EP does not lead to increased harm or damage to the tube, i.e., the risk for repeat EP is low.     

Structured treatment and teaching of patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired cognitive function--the DICOF trial.

BACKGROUND: Patient education is integral part of any diabetes therapy in Germany, but elderly patients are not able to follow the variety of topics comprising standard treatment and teaching programmes (TTP), primarily due to impaired neuropsychological function. This leads to deficits in diabetes knowledge and hindered ability for diabetes self-management. AIM: To evaluate structured TTP for geriatric patients with impaired cognitive function. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A neuropsychological examination was performed on all patients over 54 years [n=102, age 68.6 +/- 8.7 years, diabetes duration 10.3 (0.03-35.4) years, HbA1c 10.3 +/- 1.7% (HPLC, Diamat, NR 4.5-6.3%), cognitive function 87.7 +/- 12.3 IQ points] who took part in TTP for insulin therapy. Patients with impaired cognitive function participated either in the standard TTP of Berger [n = 35, age 67.6 +/- 8.9 years, diabetes duration 9.9 (0.04-35.4) years, HbA1c 10.3 +/- 2.0%] or in the specialized structured geriatric DICOF-TTP [n=33, age 70.4 +/- 8.2 years, diabetes duration 10.4 (0.03-24.9) years, HbA1c 10.7 +/- 1.8%]. RESULTS: After TTP there were no differences in knowledge and ability for diabetes self-management (standard/DICOF: knowledge 11.0 +/- 2.6 vs. 12.2 +/- 2.7 points, P = 0.11; handling 14.9 +/- 3.3 vs. 15.9 +/- 2.5 points, P = 0.18). However, patients who took part in the DICOF programme showed better scores in satisfaction with the education programme [standard/DICOF 44.7 (31-57) vs. 52.5 (45-59) points, P < 0.001]. Six months later the DICOF participants showed better results regarding diabetes self-management (standard/DICOF: handling 12.5 +/- 4.1 vs. 15.9 +/- 3.1 points, P = 0.001). Both groups showed HbA1c decrease (8.3 +/- 1.4 vs. 8.5 +/- 1.3%, P=0.62) and similar incidence of acute complications. CONCLUSIONS: Elderly patients with impaired cognitive function should take part in specialized structured TTP. This leads to both better satisfaction with the education programme and an improved ability for diabetes self-management.     

屈光性调节性内斜视综合治疗的效果

①目的:探讨综合治疗屈光性调节性内斜视的效果及其相关因素。②方法:对随机收集78例屈光性调节性内斜视病儿的综合治疗效果进行回顾性分析。③结果:经5年随访，73例(93．6％)维持正常眼位，149只(97．4％)弱视眼治愈，72例(92．3％)获得立体视功能。④结论:及时对屈光性调节性内斜视病儿进行综合治疗，建立和恢复其双眼单视功能，预后较好。     

有效控制与控制不佳的MRI阴性的GTCS病人发作间期SPECT对照研究

目的:利用单光子发射计算机断层摄影(SPECT)半定量分析有效控制与控制不良的MRI阴性的全面性强直阵挛发作癫(GTCS)病人的局部脑血流差异,探讨脑血流灌注与其预后的关系.材料和方法:对29例有效控制的和12例控制不佳的MRI阴性的GTCS病人进行发作间期99mTc-ECD-SPECT脑血灌流显像,10例年龄匹配的健康人作对照,用感兴趣区(ROI)的不对称指数(%AI)进行半定量分析.将SPECT分析结果与病人的临床表现与EEG相比较.结果:①控制不佳组与有效控制组在丘脑和基底节区的%AI存在显著性差异(P<0.05);②控制不佳组SPECT脑显像的异常率(83.3%,10/12)明显高于有效控制组的异常率(17.2%,5/29),两组具有显著性差异(P<0.01);而两组病人的EEG异常率分别为58.3%、44.8%(7/12、13/29),无显著性差异(P>0.05).结论:控制不佳的MRI阴性的GTCS病人往往存在发作间期的低血流灌注脑区,提示癫的难治性;而控制良好的病人多无明显异常发现,可能预后较好.     

新生儿胃穿孔14例治疗体会

目的　探讨新生儿胃穿孔的发病特点和治疗方法。方法　对我院近 10年治疗的 14例新生儿胃穿孔进行回顾性分析。结果　 14例新生儿胃穿孔皆行手术治疗 ,术后死亡 7例。结论　新生儿胃穿孔多因先天性胃壁肌层发育不良及胃内张力增高缺血缺氧所致。早期诊断 ,及时手术 ,减少并发症及术后加强支持疗法是提高本病治愈率的关键