质子泵抑制剂预防化疗所引起胃炎的随机对照临床研究

为了探讨质子泵抑制剂预防及抑制化疗所引起的化学性胃炎的有效性 ,随机对照研究了不同治疗方法 ,预防基于多柔比星、氮烯咪胺、铂类、伊立替康和 5 -氟尿嘧啶所组成的化疗方案所致的胃炎的疗效 ,研究组采用质子泵抑制剂、安定和 5 HT3 受体拮抗剂预防胃炎和呕吐方法 ,对照组使用常规传统的地塞米松加 5 HT3 受体拮抗剂 ,进行跟踪观察、疗效比较 ,并从不良反应、耐受性及安全性等方面加以分析比较。研究组胃炎发生率 0 ( 0 /11) ,对照组为 72 .73 % ( 8/11) ,P =0 0 0 1;化疗后完全无上消化道症状 /体征者 ,研究组 75 0 0 % ( 3 3 /4 4) ,对照组 5 2 2 8% ( 2 4/4 6) ,P =0 0 2 5 ;化疗后 7d无症状 /体征者 ,研究组 10 0 % ( 4 4/4 4) ,对照组 76 0 9% ( 3 5 /4 6) ,P =0 0 0 1。初步研究结果提示 ,质子泵抑制剂对化疗过程中所引起的化学性胃炎有明显的预防及抑制作用 ,而且有效率高、不良反应小、安全性好 ,患者有良好的耐受性。     

Lanzoprazole promotes gastric carcinogenesis in rats with duodenogastric reflux

Background Duodenogastric reflux is known to cause an increased frequency of cancer in the glandular portion of the stomach in rats. Furthermore, it is debated whether inhibition of gastric acid secretion may promote gastric carcinogenesis. In the present study we examined the combined effect of gastroduodenal reflux and acid inhibition with respect to the development of gastric carcinoma in the rat.Methods Following the construction of a gastrojejunostomy in male Wistar rats, half of them were given the proton pump inhibitor lanzoprazole for 1 year. The rats were then killed and the pH in the stomach and gastrin in blood were measured. The stomach was examined macroscopically as well as histologically.Results Gastrin levels at autopsy were significantly increased in treated rats compared to the control group, confirming an effect of lanzoprazole on gastric acid secretion. Body weight was significantly reduced in the treated rats. Thirty of 79 rats developed gastric cancer, and they were all adenocarcinomas of the Lauren intestinal type. Gastric cancers occurred significantly more often in lanzoprazole-treated rats (50%) compared with controls (27%).Conclusion Lanzoprazole given orally enhances the carcinogenic effect of duodenogastric reflux in rats.     

Is Avoidance of Air Contact Necessary for the In Vitro Evaluation of Thrombogenicity in Mechanical Circulatory Assist Devices?

An effective in vitro protocol for the investigation of thrombogenicity can provide many advantages in the development of mechanical circulatory assist devices. Strict avoidance of air contact with blood recently was proposed for reliable in vitro evaluation. This study was performed to confirm the necessity of avoidance of air contact for the in vitro test of thrombogenicity in a rotary pump. Two sets of mock circuits with the same rotary blood pumps, reservoirs, and connecting tubes were made. In one system, blood came in contact with air while the other did not. The test blood was heparinized at the dose of 1 IU per 1 ml of blood. The tests were terminated at an activated coagulation time of 1.5 times the control value. The levels of hematocrit, platelet, factors VIII and XII, fibrinogen, thromboxane B2, and plasma-free hemoglobin were measured during the procedures. After the experiments, the thrombi formed were observed, measured, and compared with those formed in in vivo circumstances. The tests were repeated 12 times. There were no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups in hematologic parameters and the amounts of thrombi formed. The thrombi observed in both groups showed the same pathologic findings as those formed in vivo with the exception of intermittent multiple air bubbles found in thrombi of the air-contact group. In conclusion, the effect of air contact in the in vitro investigation of thrombogenicity was negligible while the proposed in vitro test models of thrombogenesis in the mechanical circulatory assist device proved to be reliable.     

Development of a miniature undulation pump for the distributed artificial heart

Research of the distributed artificial heart is important not only to acquire the means of individual organ perfusion but also to clarify the characteristics of the organ and the mechanism of blood distribution. To investigate the distributed artificial heart, the miniature undulation pump was developed. The outer diameter and the thickness of the developed pump were 38 mm and 11 mm, respectively. The priming volume of the pump was 3.2 ml. The total size including the motor unit was 38 mm in diameter and 32 mm in length. The total weight was 67.5 g. The total volume was 27.5 ml. The pump was driven with pulse width modulation by using a 1 chip motor controller. More than 5 L/min of continuous output could be obtained. The results showed that the developed miniature undulation pump system had enough performance for individual organ perfusion.     

便携式输液设备的研制

本文介绍一种由8031单片机控制的便携式输液设备，阐述了其原理和组成，它可以自动控制输液速度和输液量，具有报警功能，成本低但性能好，可以广泛应用于临床输液以及药品成分分析等场合。     

High-Dose Dual Therapy Versus Bismuth-Containing Quadruple Therapy for the Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Background:This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of high-dose dual therapy for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication compared to bismuth-containing quadruple therapy.Methods:The electronic database of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched from inception to March 18, 2021. Randomized, controlled trials that evaluated high-dose dual therapy versus bismuth-containing quadruple therapy for H. pylori infection were included.Results:We included 6 studies containing 1677 patients with H. pylori infection. This meta-analysis demonstrated that high-dose dual therapy achieved similar eradication rate compared with bismuth-containing quadruple therapy (intention-to-treat: 84.6% vs 83.7%, relative risk (RR) = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.97-1.06, P = .49; per-protocol = 88.4% vs 89.0%, RR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.97-1.04, P = .99). However, high-dose dual therapy showed fewer side effects (13.1% vs 32.0%, RR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.34-0.78, P = .002) and better compliance (96.1% vs 93.3%, RR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.00-1.05, P = .03) compared to bismuth-containing quadruple therapy.Conclusion:This meta-analysis demonstrated that high-dose dual therapy is equally effective with bismuth-containing quadruple therapy in eradicating H. pylori, with fewer side effects and better compliance.     

The latest review on the polyphenols and their bioactivities of Chinese Morus plants

The mulberry tree (Morus alba) plays a key role in agriculture, and its different parts have been used as popular Traditional Chinese Medicines for thousands of years. There are 16 species belonging to the Morus genus. Among them, 11 species distribute in China, most of which have been used as the substitutes of M. alba in local provinces. This review summarizes the structural characters of polyphenols, the main components in Morus, including Diels–Alder-type adducts, flavonoids, 2-arylbenzofurans, and stilbenes, and also their related bioactivities in the last 10 years.     

右旋兰索拉唑的药理学特点及在胃食管反流病治疗中的应用

虽然质子泵抑制剂(PPI)在胃食管反流病(GERD)治疗方面取得了很大的成功,但是抑酸时间不足、患者依从性差等挑战仍然存在。近期,美国FDA批准了一种新的PPI药物右旋兰索拉唑(dexlanso-prazole,日本武田公司开发,商品名:DexliantTM),目前主要用于糜烂性食管炎急性期及维持期的治疗,以及非糜烂性胃食管反流疾病烧心症状的控制。该药物采用独特的双层缓释技术,可以维持更长的作用时间,达到更好的抑酸效果,且安全性和耐受性良好。     

哇巴因预处理对模拟缺血大鼠海马神经元NMDA电流的影响

目的观察哇巴因预处理对模拟缺血大鼠海马神经元损伤的保护作用及其机制。方法采用原代培养的大鼠海马神经元,以全细胞膜片钳方法记录海马神经元NMDA电流（INMDA）。采用无糖无氧的方法模拟缺血灌流,建立神经元的体外急性缺血模型,观察模拟缺血对低浓度哇巴因预处理的海马神经元NMDA电流的影响。结果模拟缺血显著激活INMDA,低浓度哇巴因预处理可阻断模拟缺血对神经元INMDA的激活。结论模拟缺血可促进NMDA通道开放。哇巴因预处理能保护神经元抵抗由NMDA受体诱导的兴奋性神经毒性,此神经保护机制与哇巴因阻断缺血对NMDA受体的过度激活、缓解神经元Ca2＋超载密切相关。