退变性腰椎滑脱症伴发滑脱椎体骨折的手术治疗

【摘要】目的探讨骨水泥强化下腰后路减压植骨融合内固定术治疗退变性腰椎滑脱症伴滑脱椎体骨折的有效性。方法回顾性分析2007年7月至2011年3月,于我院行手术治疗的17例退变性腰椎滑脱症合并滑脱椎体压缩骨折患者的临床及影像学资料,所有患者均表现为腰痛伴或不伴有下肢神经根刺激症状,MRI证实滑脱椎体T：加权像及STIR序列高信号。记录患者的手术时间、出血量、并发症及骨水泥的注入量。采用Taillard指数评估椎体滑脱程度及术后复位情况,采用疼痛视觉模拟评分评估手术前后腰痛的程度。结果所有患者均获得1年以上随访,骨水泥的注入量平均（4．2±0．7）ml,手术时间平均为（167±28）min,术中出血量平均为（708±45）ml,腰痛VAS评分术后1年随访时改善为（4．6±0．2）分,术前Taillard指数平均为（17．6±1．8）％,术后为（8．2±1．3）％,滑脱复位率为53．4％;所有病例均未发生严重骨水泥渗漏及神经血管并发症,末次随访时植骨均已融合,未发现椎间融合器移位及螺钉松动、断裂、脱出等内固定物相关并发症。结论骨水泥强化下腰后路减压植骨融合内固定术,是治疗退变性腰椎滑脱症伴滑脱椎体骨折的有效方法,骨水泥的应用增加了椎弓根螺钉把持力,彻底的减压及植骨融合改善了神经刺激症状,疗效确切。     

Treatment of Extraspinal Painful Bone Metastases with Percutaneous Cementoplasty: A Prospective Study of 50 Patients

The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of percutaneous cementoplasty (PC) with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) in painful extravertebral lytic bone metastases not responding to conventional therapy. Fifty patients (25 females), mean age 64.7 ± 11.2 years, underwent PC after giving informed consent. Procedures were performed under fluoroscopy (1/50) or combined fluoroscopy-CT (49/50) guidance in local anesthesia or under deep sedation in 7 patients with large metastases who underwent radiofrequency thermoablation (RFA) in the same session. Seventy lesions were treated (1-6 per patient; average, 1.4 ± 0.9), arranging in size from 1 to 10 cm (average, 3.6 ± 2.1 cm). Mean volume of PMMA per lesion was 5.9 ± 3.2 ml (range, 1.5–15.0 ml). Pain was prospectively evaluated on an 11-point visual analog scale (VAS) before and after the procedure (follow-up, 15 to 36 months). Mean VAS score dropped from 9.1 ± 1.2 (range: 6–10) to 2.1 ± 2.5 (range: 0–9). Mean VAS difference was 7.0 ± 2.3 (range, 1–10; p < 0.0001, Wilcoxon signed rank test). Forty-seven of the 50 patients (94%) suspended narcotic drugs, in 22 (44%) pain was controlled with a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, in 25 (50%) analgesic therapy was suspended, and 13 of 50 (26%) had complete pain regression. In 3 of the 50 patients (6%) pain was not improved. No statistical difference between osteoplasty and osteoplasty plus RFA was found (p = 0.8338, Mann–Whitney test). No complications arose during the procedure. Two patients with metastases in the femoral diaphysis reported a fracture 1 month after treatment. PC is effective to obtain pain regression in painful bone metastases not responding to conventional analgesic therapy; bone consolidation cannot be obtained in the diaphysis of long weight-bearing bones.     

Complications of percutaneous image-guided screw fixation: An analysis of 94 consecutive patients

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to retrospectively assess the safety profile of percutaneous image-guided screw fixation (PIGSF) for insufficiency, impending or pathological fractures.Materials and methodsFrom July 2012 to April 2020, all consecutive patients who underwent PIGSF were retrospectively included in the study. Patient characteristics, fracture type, procedural data and complications were analyzed. Complications were divided into per-procedural, early (< 24 hours) and delayed (> 24 hours) and classified into minor (grade 1-2) and major complications (grade 3-5) according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v5.0.ResultsA total of 110 fractures (40 insufficiency [36%], 53 pathological [48.5%] and 17 impending [15.5%] fractures) in 94 patients (48 women, 46 men; mean age, 62.7 ± 12.7 [SD] years; age range: 32–88 years) were treated with PIGSF during 95 procedures. Twenty-four-hours follow-up was available for all patients, and > 24-hours follow-up was available for 79 (79/110; 71.8%) fractures in 69 (69/94; 73.4%) patients. Per-procedural complications occurred in 3/110 fractures (2.7%, all minor). Early complications were reported in 4/110 fractures (3.6%, 1 major and 3 minor) and delayed ones in 14/79 fractures (17.7%, 5 major and 9 minor). The most frequent major delayed complication was infection (3/79; 3.8%).ConclusionThe rate of per-procedural and early (within 24 hours) complications following PIGSF is extremely low with most complications being minor, with major complications being delayed ones (> 24 hours).     

经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性脊柱骨折的骨水泥弥散分布与临床疗效的相关研究

目的：探究经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性脊柱骨折的骨水泥弥散分布等级对临床效果及疼痛程度的影响。

方法：回顾性分析自2016年8月至2018年4月收治的130例骨质疏松性脊柱骨折患者,其中114例资料完整完成随访。根据骨水泥弥散分布等级进行分组,统计分析患者术前及术后VAS评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数量表（ODI）、伤椎后凸角（Cobb角）、伤椎前柱高度变化及并发症。

结果：114例术后随访6个月,骨水泥弥散分布等级：1级42例（36.8%）,男14例,女28例,年龄（73.43±7.91）岁;2级36例（31.6%）,男10例,女26例,年龄（71.22±8.06）岁;3级36例（31.6%）,男9例,女27例,年龄（74.81±6.91）岁;4级0例（0%）。3组患者术前一般资料差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;骨水泥弥散分布等级1、2、3级患者,术后及术后1、3、6个月的随访中VAS、ODI评分均高于术前（P<0.05）,3组间在术后随访的同一时间点差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。在骨水泥渗漏方面,弥散分布等级2级15例（41.7%）、3级23例（63.9%）,高于弥散分布1级8例（19%）（P<0.05）。在邻近椎体骨折方面,弥散分布等级2级7例（19.4%）、3级8例（22.2%）,均低于1级18例（42.9%）。骨水泥弥散分布等级2、3级相比1级均能有效改善伤椎的后凸畸形和前柱高度丢失（P<0.05）。

结论：经皮椎体成形术中骨水泥分散分布的不同等级均能有效缓解疼痛,且骨水泥弥散分布等级2级不仅能有效缓解患者疼痛、纠正伤椎后凸角、伤椎前柱高度,而且发生骨水泥渗漏及非手术椎体骨折的风险相对较低。     

高粘度骨水泥椎体成形术与球囊扩张椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折疗效对比分析

目的：探讨高粘度骨水泥椎体成形术及球囊扩张椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折疗效的差异性。方法回顾性分析于2012年12月—2014年12月我院诊断为骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的患者106例,其中52例行高粘度骨水泥椎体成形术（A 组）,54例行球囊扩张椎体成形术（ B 组）,通过对比两组患者的疼痛强度视觉类比评分、椎体高度恢复率、椎体后凸 Cobb 角矫正率、骨水泥渗漏率及手术操作时间来评价手术疗效。结果两组术后3 d和末次随访时的椎体高度高于术前、椎体后凸 Cobb 角及疼痛强度视觉类比评分均低于术前（ P ﹤0.05）。两组之间椎体高度恢复率、椎体后凸 Cobb 角矫正率及骨水泥渗漏率之间差异无统计学意义（ P ﹥0.05）,但高粘度骨水泥椎体成形术操作时间较球囊扩张椎体成形术短（P ﹤0.05）。结论采用高粘度椎体成形系统在患者疼痛症状缓解、椎体高度恢复、后凸畸形矫正及骨水泥渗漏方面与传统球囊扩张椎体成形术效果相同,但手术时间明显缩短,对骨质疏松性压缩骨折患者是一种积极有效的治疗方法。     

Combined percutaneous radiofrequency ablation and cementoplasty for the treatment of extraspinal painful bone metastases: A prospective study

Introduction

About 50% of patients with cancer develop bone metastasis mainly presenting with distressing, drug-resistant pain.

H型与O型骨水泥分布形态对PKP治疗OVCF疗效的影响及其与邻椎骨折的相关性研究

目的 研究骨水泥的分布形态与经皮椎体后凸成形术(percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP)治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture,OVCF)的临床机制与影响.方法 收集2016年5月至2019年4月在我院骨科确诊为OVCF的患者...     

髋臼转移瘤患者的Mast Quadrant通道下肿瘤刮除联合骨水泥成形术治疗

目的 报告13例髋臼转移瘤患者的Mast Quadrant通道下肿瘤刮除联合骨水泥成形术治疗效果.方法 回顾分析2017年11月至2019年12月,我院收治的13例(15处病灶)髋臼溶骨性转移瘤患者.13例均接受Mast Quadrant通道下的病灶刮除+骨水泥成形术.收集所有患者的一般资料和手术情况,比较术前,术后1...