大鼠卵黄囊的分化及其肿瘤性转化研究

目的研究12d大鼠胚胎脏层卵黄囊(VYS)向多胚层组织分化的潜能和在逆转录病毒感染下的肿瘤性转化特征。方法在不同培养条件、移植位点的条件下,观察VYS体内外分化的改变;另外利用逆转录病毒载体将荧光蛋白基因(GFP)转染12d卵黄囊细胞,对GFP标记的转化细胞进行体内外研究。结果在不同培养条件下,均对体外培养的或体内移植的大鼠卵黄囊向三个胚层分化的进程无特异的导向性。将荧光蛋白标记卵黄囊克隆细胞接种在裸鼠皮下长出了未分化的间质细胞肉瘤。结论12d大鼠胚胎脏层卵黄囊具有向三胚层分化的潜能;逆转录病毒感染导致卵黄囊间质细胞发生肿瘤性转化。     

重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子对辐射诱发细胞恶性转化的影响

目的研究重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子(granulocyte colony-stimulatingfactor,G-CSF)对60Coγ射线诱发Wistar大鼠肺成纤维细胞恶性转化过程的影响。方法采用噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法、软琼脂克隆培养、流式细胞术(FCM)同时观察正常Wistar大鼠肺细胞、60Coγ射线照射细胞、经G-CSF预处理后60Coγ射线照射细胞、60Coγ射线照射后G-CSF持续处理细胞的增殖活性,克隆形成率和细胞周期的变化。结果G-CSF有抑制单纯照射细胞增殖的作用,使软琼脂克隆形成延迟,使进入细胞周期的细胞减少,细胞周期进程减慢。结论G-CSF能减缓细胞的恶性转化过程。     

A simple procedure for quantification of neurite outgrowth based on stereological principles

The molecular mechanisms controlling formation and remodelling of neuronal extensions are of considerable interest for the understanding of neuronal development and plasticity. Determination of neurite outgrowth in cell culture is a widely used approach to investigate these phenomena. This is generally done by a time consuming tracing of individual neurites and their branches. We have used stereological principles to determine the length of neurites. The total neuritic length per cell was estimated by counting the number of intersections between neurites and test lines of an unbiased counting frame superimposed on images of cell cultures obtained by conventional computer-assisted microscopy. The absolute length, L, of neurites per cell was subsequently estimated from the number of neurite intersections, I, per cell by means of the equation L=(πd/2)I describing the relationship between the number of neurite intersections and the vertical distance, d, between the test lines used. When measuring neurite outgrowth from PC12 cells and primary hippocampal neurons, data obtained by counting neuritic intersections correlated statistically significantly with data obtained using a conventional tracing technique. However, information was acquired more efficiently using the stereological approach. Thus, using the described set-up, the stereological procedure was approximately five times less time consuming than the conventional method based on neurite tracing. The study shows that stereological estimation of neuritic length provides a precise and efficient method for the study of neurite outgrowth in cultures of primary neurons and cell lines.     

A ventral approach to stereotaxy of the guinea pig brain

For skeletal muscles, a well-known match exists between the properties of motoneurones and those of their muscle fibres. Hence, the intramuscular distribution of different kinds of motoneuronal nerve endings (e.g. ‘slow’ versus ‘fast’) can be mapped by determining the distribution of the corresponding types of muscle fibre. As a background for further studies of motoneuronal plasticity, we needed precise measures of such distributions. Simple quantitative methods were developed for defining the position and extent of sub-populations of cells within a structure (e.g. the regional distribution of slow versus fast muscle fibres within a muscle cross-section): (a) The ‘mass vector method’ defined the relative position of the target cell cloud. A line was drawn between the calculated centre of mass for the target cells and that for the whole structure. The direction (a1) and length (a2) of this line gave a measure of the direction and degree of target cell eccentricity within the structure. (b) The ‘sector method’ delineated the region containing the target fibres. A circle around the centre of mass for the target fibres was subdivided into a number of equal sectors (standard setting: 20). The most remote point was found within each sector and a line joining these points defined the region of the target fibres. When applied to the ‘slow’ type I fibres of cross-sections from rat hindlimb muscles, the regional area estimates obtained by the sector method were highly correlated with, but 10% lower than those achieved by the well-established ‘convex hull’ method. Highly significant inter-muscular differences were observed for each one of the three new parameters described in this paper (a1, a2, b).     

CD44分子对胃癌细胞腹膜种植影响的体外实验研究

目的体外研究CD44分子对胃癌细胞(MKN45)腹膜种植转移的影响.方法在体外预先将抗CD44S抗体与MKN45细胞在细胞培养箱中作用45 min,然后在24孔培养板或Boyden小室中与生长良好的间皮细胞共同培养不同时间,在显微镜下直接计数与间皮细胞粘附的MKN45细胞,而用MTT法评估胃癌细胞在间皮细胞间的迁移和侵袭情况.结果在体外,抗CD44S抗体对MKN45细胞与间皮细胞间的粘附有明显的抑制作用(P＜0.01),在高浓度时对迁移和侵袭也有一定的抑制作用.结论CD44分子参与了胃癌细胞腹膜种植转移过程,抗CD44S抗体对胃癌细胞腹膜种植转移有一定的抑制作用.     

STAT1对人肾透明细胞癌放射敏感性的影响

目的 研究人肾透明细胞癌信号传递和转录活化因子1(STAT1)表达情况及抑制STAT1对该肿瘤细胞放射敏感性的影响.方法 采用免疫组织化学染色技术对比检测34例人肾透明细胞癌标本和12例正常肾组织标本的STAT1表达.用Western blotting法检测离体培养人肾透明细胞癌细胞(CRL-1932)、纤维母细胞(CCL-116)和wilm's瘤细胞(CRL-1441)的STAT1表达.用氟达拉滨和siRNA抑制CRL-1932细胞STAT1表达,并通过成克隆法和台盼蓝染色计数法研究抑制STAT1对CRL-1932细胞放射敏感性的影响.结果 人肾透明细胞癌标本的总STAT1和磷酸化STAT1表达均明显高于正常肾组织.Western blotting法显示CRL-1932细胞STAT1表达比CRL-1441、CCL-116细胞明显增高;药物氟达拉滨能显著抑制CRL-1932细胞磷酸化STAT1的表达,并显著增加CRL-1932细胞的放射敏感性,且放射增敏程度与药物浓度呈正相关.经STAT1 siRNA处理后CRL-1932细胞总STAT1和磷酸化STAT1的表达均被有效抑制,且细胞在照射后的存活分数显著下降.结论 肾透明细胞癌STAT1呈高表达,抑制STAT1对该细胞有放射增敏作用.     

血管内皮生长因子、微血管密度及Ki-67在宫颈鳞癌中的表达及意义

目的探讨血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、微血管密度(MVD)及Ki-67在宫颈鳞状细胞癌中的表达及意义。方法采用免疫组织化学S-P法测定45例宫颈鳞癌组织和10例正常宫颈组织中VEGF、Ki-67和F8的表达。结果宫颈鳞癌中VEGF的表达阳性率为77.78%,Ki-67标记指数(Ki-67LI)和MVD分别为12.7±4.1和37±10,VEGF表达水平与肿瘤恶性程度、Ki-67 LI和MVD计数呈正相关。结论VEGF有促进肿瘤细胞增殖及血管生成的作用,联合检测VEGF、Ki-67和F8可作为病理诊断的补充,对患者预后判断和治疗方案的选择有重要的参考价值。     

异甘草素对人前列腺癌细胞体外增殖的抑制作用

目的:观察异甘草素(ISL)对人前列腺癌细胞体外增殖的抑制作用。方法:采用MTT法测定细胞增殖。结果:ISL浓度依赖性(0~20μm)抑制人前列腺癌细胞增殖,IC50为12.58μm,且呈时间依赖性,ISL20μm作用3天时的抑制率为85.26%。结论:异甘草素能有效地抑制前列腺癌细胞的增生,异甘草素有可能成为一种治疗前列腺癌的新药。     

异补骨脂素对体外培养大鼠成骨细胞增殖分化成熟的影响

目的:研究异补骨脂素(Isopsoralen,IP)对体外培养大鼠颅骨成骨细胞(rat calvarial osteoblasts,ROB)增殖与分化成熟的影响。方法:取新生SD大鼠颅骨,多次酶消化法获得成骨细胞,培养于含10%FBS的MEM培养液中,3 d后首次换液,铺满90%皿底后传代培养;增殖分析采用96孔板,加入在培养液中终浓度分别为1×10-4、1×10-5、1×10-6、1×10-7mol/L的异补骨脂素,MTT法分析;分化分析采用24孔板,于成骨性诱导培养第3、6、9、12、15天分别测碱性磷酸酶(Alkaline Phosphatase,ALP)活性、钙含量、骨钙素,第12天进行ALP组织化学染色,第14天进行茜素红染色和钙化结节计数。结果:终浓度为1×10-4mol/L的异补骨脂素对细胞增殖有抑制作用,而1×10-5mol/L浓度虽对ROB增殖无明显影响,但能显著提高细胞ALP活性、增加钙含量、促进骨钙素分泌,并增加钙化结节数量。结论1×10-5mol/L异补骨脂素能促进ROB分化成熟,应为中药补骨脂抗骨质疏松的有效成分。     

戊二酰辅酶A脱氢酶基因沉默及高浓度赖氨酸对BRL肝细胞活性的影响

目的探讨戊二酰辅酶A脱氢酶(GCDH)基因沉默和赖氨酸代谢物蓄积对肝细胞活性的影响。方法将BRL肝细胞分为正常对照组、阴性对照组和GCDH沉默组。构建含靶向沉默GCDH基因的sh RNA慢病毒载体,分别用该病毒和阴性对照病毒感染GCDH沉默组和阴性对照组BRL肝细胞。感染后细胞再用含5 mmol/L赖氨酸培养基培养。免疫荧光技术检测慢病毒感染效率;Western blot法检测GCDH蛋白表达水平;MTT法检测细胞活性,Hoechest 33342染色检测细胞凋亡,Western blot法检测细胞凋亡的经典指标Caspase3水平。结果构建的慢病毒可有效沉默肝细胞GCDH表达(P0.01)。MTT及Hoechest 33342染色检测各组间细胞活性及细胞凋亡比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。Caspase3蛋白表达在各组间比较差异亦无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 GCDH基因沉默和赖氨酸代谢物蓄积对肝细胞无明显损伤作用。