饮食因素与脑膜瘤的关联研究

采用病例对照研究及Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ 回归模型对有关饮食因素进行分析。单因素分析提示脑膜瘤的发生与胡萝卜、大蒜、苹果、桔子、豆角、黄瓜、芹菜、大葱、香蕉、小辣椒呈负关联;与酱、咸菜、酸菜呈正关联。多因素分析发现胡萝卜、桔子、苹果、大蒜、香焦、小辣椒、大葱是脑膜瘤的保护因素;咸鱼和酸菜是脑膜瘤的危险因素。     

Case-control study of congenital malformations

To determine potentially teratogenic influencies in Belgrade, a group of 113 mothers who gave birth to severely malformed infants and a control group of 195 mothers with normal infants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire.Statistically significant differences between the two groups were found in the mother's family history of congenital malformations (P < 0.05) and the mother's diseases during the pregnancy (P < 0.01). Infections in the first trimester were particularly more prevalent in case mothers (OR = 7.70; P < 0.01). Mothers did not differ significantly according to exposure to organic solvents, supportive therapy during the pregnancy, use of oral contraceptives, or other personal habits.Corresponding author.     

Driver Sleepiness and Risk of Car Crashes in Shenyang, a Chinese Northeastern City： Population-based Case-control Study

Objective To estimate the association of driver sleepiness with the risk of car crashes. Methods A population-based case-control study was conducted in Shenyang, a northeastern city in China, between November 2001 and July 2002. The case group comprised 406 car drivers involved in crashes, and 438 car drivers recruited at randomly selected sites, and on the day of week, and the time of day when they were driving on highways in the study region during the study period were used as control groups. Face-to-face interviews with drivers were conducted according to a well-structured questionnaire covering the circumstances of their current trip and their background information. Stanford sleepiness scale and Epworth sleepiness scale were used to quantify acute sleepiness and chronic sleepiness respectively. Results There was a strong association between chronic sleepiness and the risk of car crash. Significantly increased risk of crash was associated with drivers who identified themselves as sleepy (Epworth sl     

中青年与老年非吸烟女性肺癌危险因素的比较研究

目的 分析比较中青年和老年非吸烟女性肺癌的危险因素。方法 于1992年2月～1993年12月，在上海市区完成了一项大规模全人群女性肺癌病例对照研究，共调查了非吸烟女性肺癌病例504例及人群对照601例。根据年龄把研究对象分为两组，35～54岁和55～69岁组，并分析比较两组的结果。单因素分析采用Mantel—Haenszel分层分析法，进一步调整混杂因素采用多变量logistic回归模型。结果分析结果显示，中青年组危险因素是做饭时眼和喉烟雾刺激感，最高一组比数比为3．40；其次是肺癌家族史，比数为5．80。而保护因素是饮茶(OR：0．40)和活产次数(5次及以上组OR：0．39)。老年组的危险因素主要是：高身体指数(最高一组OR：1．69)、工作场所被动吸烟史(OR：1.55)、厨房在卧室内(OR：1．50)、做饭时厨房内烟雾较多(OR：2．43)、菜油为主要食用油(OR：1.94)等。此外。肺结核病史和肺癌家族史可能增加老年女性患肺癌的危险性。保护因素是维生素C(最高一组OR：0．45)，趋势检验有统计学意义。中青年组和老年组肺癌的结果比较表明，无论是危险因素还是保护因素，两者都有不同。结论 中青年和老年非吸烟女性肺癌的病因可能存在一定的差异。     

The relationship between dietary fat intake and risk of colorectal cancer: evidence from the combined analysis of 13 case-control studies

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of the intakeof dietary fat upon colorectal cancer risk in a combined analysis of datafrom 13 case-control studies previously conducted in populations withdiffering colorectal cancer rates and dietary practices. Original datarecords for 5,287 cases of colorectal cancer and 10,470 controls werecombined. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios (OR)for intakes of total energy, total fat and its components, and cholesterol.Positive associations with energy intake were observed for 11 of the 13studies. However, there was little, if any, evidence of anyenergy-independent effect of either total fat with ORs of 1.00, 0.95, 1.01,1.02, and 0.92 for quintiles of residuals of total fat intake (P trend =0.67) or for saturated fat with ORs of 1.00, 1.08, 1.06, 1.21, and 1.06 (Ptrend = 0.39). The analysis suggests that, among these case-control studies,there is no energy-independent association between dietary fat intake andrisk of colorectal cancer. It also suggests that simple substitution of fatby other sources of calories is unlikely to reduce meaningfully the risk ofcolorectal cancer.     

Dietary factors and the risk of squamous cell esophageal cancer among black and white men in the United States

Objectives: To investigate dietary factors for squamous cell esophageal cancer and whether these factors may contribute to the five-fold higher incidence of this cancer in the black versus white population of the United States.Methods: Data from a food frequency questionnaire were analyzed for 114 white men and 219 black men with squamous cell esophageal cancer, and 681 white and 557 black male controls from three areas of the United States who participated in a population-based case-control study of esophageal cancer.Results: Protective effects were associated with intake of raw fruits and vegetables (odds ratio for high versus low consumers=0.3 in both white and black men) and use of vitamin supplements (especially vitamin C; odds ratio for high versus low consumers=0.4 in both races), with the frequency of consumption of raw fruits and vegetables and vitamin supplements being greater for white than black controls. In addition, elevated risks were associated with high versus low intake of red meat (OR=2.7 for blacks and 1.5 for whites) and processed meat (OR=1.6 for blacks and 1.7 for whites), with the levels of consumption being greater for black than white controls.Conclusions: In the United States, these dietary factors may contribute in part to the much higher incidence of squamous cell esophageal cancer among black compared to white men.     

SBT、SSOP法分析湖北土家族妇女HLA-A2超型各等位基因及与宫颈癌的关联

目的通过检测湖北土家族人群HLA-A2超型(包含A*0201、A*0202、A*0203、A*0204、A*0205、A*0206、A*0207、A*6802、A*6901)各等位基因,分析与宫颈癌关联的等位基因及其结构与功能特点.方法提取湖北土家族正常人群236名育龄妇女及59例原发性宫颈癌患者外周血DNA,采用SBT(sequence based typing)、SSOP(Sequence Specific Oligonucleotide Probes)HLA基因分型技术,对HLA-A2超型各等位基因型进行分型,比较宫颈癌病例组和正常对照组中HLA-A2超型中相应等位基因型构成比的差异,并分析相关等位基因的结构特点.结果有7种HLA-A2超型等位基因HLA-A*0201(17.3%)HLA-A*0202(9.5%)HLA A*0203(1.4%)HLA-A*0204(3.8%)HLA-A*0205(3.1%)HLA-A*0206(10.8%)HLA-A*0207/0215N(9.8%),其中HLA-A*0202和HLA A*0206在正常对照组和宫颈癌病人组的构成比有显著性差异(p＜0.05),HLA-A*0202(OR=0.24,95%CI=0.05～0.48)和HLA A*0206(OR=0.2,95%CI=0.67～1.07)对于宫颈癌发生的易感性有保护作用.结论湖北土家族人群HLA-A*0201所占比例最高达17.3%,HLA-A*0202和HLA-A*0206对于宫颈癌发生的易感性有保护作用.     

葛根素注射剂与发热相关性的病例对照研究

目的：探讨不明原因短期发热（SFUO）的危险因素，论证最早上市的葛根素注射剂——普乐林与发热的相关性。方法：采取1：2匹配病例对照，选择温州医学院附属第一医院1995～1997年住院的心脑血管病病例为调查对象．将符合SFUO标准的45例纳入病例组，对照组为相匹配的90例病例。选取普乐林、其他活血化瘀中药、抗生素、生物制品、其他西药注射剂、阿司匹林服用、过敏史、微侵袭手术、重大精神刺激等9项候选危险因素，进行调查分析．筛选出危险因素。结果：单因素条件logistic回归分析将“使用普乐林”筛选为发热的危险因素，比值比（OR）为13．772．P〈0．001；多因素条件logistic回归分析显示，最终有统计学意义的只有普乐林注射液，OR值10．947。结论：最早上市的葛根素注射剂——普乐林的使用是SFUO的独立危险因素，两者存在相关性.     

宁波市鄞县农村2型糖尿病危险因素病例对照研究

目的探索农村2型糖尿病的危险因素,为预防控制提供依据.方法采用成组病例对照研究方法,选择2型糖尿病病例238例,对照3866例,运用多因素Logistic回归分析.结果年龄、性别、超重(肥胖)、既往高血压病史、直系亲属糖尿病史、水果摄入多等进入主效应模型,OR值分别为1.22、1.36、2.18、1.56、2.51和0.64.结论超重(肥胖)、既往高血压史、直系亲属糖尿病史是主要的危险因素,水果摄入多是保护因素.     

泰安市中小学生肥胖现况及高血压危险因素研究

目的了解泰安市中小学生肥胖现况,探讨引起中小学生高血压的危险因素,以便为成年期疾病早期预防的研究提供依据.方法采用现况调查和危险因素病例对照研究法进行研究.结果泰安市中小学生高血压、超重和肥胖的检出率分别为5.48%,5.48%和5.88%;男生检出率显著高于女生,检出率随着年龄增长而升高.肥胖,高盐、高脂、高热饮食,缺乏运动及家族史是高血压主要患病危险因素.结论男生和高中学生是预防干预的重点人群;学校、学生和家长应密切配合,共同努力,才能取得预防干预的满意效果.