Divergent elbow dislocation with radial shaft fracture,distal ulnar deformation,and distal radioulnar joint instability: an unclassifiable Monteggia variant

Originally described by Monteggia and later classified by Bado, elbow dislocations with concurrent radial and ulnar shaft fractures with distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) disruption are considered operative cases with high-energy injurious etiologies. Here, we present an unclassifiable Monteggia variant fracture suffered through a high axial load mechanism in a 47-year-old female. The fracture pattern initially exhibited included a divergent elbow dislocation, a radial shaft fracture, plastic deformation of the distal ulna, and DRUJ instability. Here we describe the pattern in detail, along with definitive treatment and clinical outcome at 1 year follow-up.     

人工智能骨龄评测系统评估儿童腕骨骨龄

目的 探讨人工智能（AI）系统评测儿童腕骨骨龄的可行性。方法 回顾性分析130幅1~13岁儿童左手骨龄X线片。以3名中高年资放射科医师腕骨骨龄评测结果为参考标准,计算并对比AI系统（简称模型）及3名低年资放射科医师（医师1、2、3,简称医师）与参考标准之间腕骨骨龄和腕骨成熟度分值的均方根误差（RMSE）及平均绝对误差（MAE）;采用组内相关系数（ICC）评价模型、医师与参考标准之间评测骨龄结果的一致性;比较模型与医师间骨龄测评时间。结果 模型与参考标准之间腕骨骨龄的MAE、RMSE与医师1、2与参考标准之间MAE、RMSE差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）,与医师3的MAE、RMSE差异无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。模型与参考标准之间腕骨成熟度分值的MAE、RMSE与医师1、参考标准之间MAE、RMSE差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）,与医师2、3的MAE、RMSE差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。模型与参考标准之间腕骨骨龄评测结果的ICC=0.997,医师1、2、3与参考标准之间ICC分别为0.994、0.996、0.997。模型对骨龄的测评时间均小于医师（P均<0.001）。结论 AI骨龄评测系统能够准确、快速评估儿童腕骨骨龄。     

Value of Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Correlation with Electrophysiological Abnormalities and Clinical Severity

Objective

To investigate a diagnostic value of ultrasonography in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) patients and to evaluate a correlation of sonographic measurements with the degree of electrodiagnostic abnormalities and clinical severity.

Methods

Two-hundred-forty-six symptomatic hands in 135 patients and 30 asymptomatic hands in 19 healthy individuals as control group were included. In ultrasonographic study, we measured the cross-sectional area (CSA) and flattening ratio (FR) of the median nerve at the pisiform as well as palmar bowing (PB) of the flexor retinaculum. Sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonographic measurements were evaluated and ultrasonographic data from the symptomatic and control hands were compared to the grade of electrodiagnostic and clinical severity.

Results

The mean CSA was 13.7±4.2 mm² in symptomatic hands and 7.9±1.3 mm² in asymptomatic hands. The mean FR was 4.2±1.0 in symptomatic hands and 3.4±0.4 in asymptomatic hands. The mean PB was 3.5±0.5 mm in symptomatic hands and 2.6±0.3 mm in asymptomatic hands. Statistical analysis showed differences of the mean CSA, FR and PB between groups were significant. A cut-off value of 10 mm² for the mean CSA was found to be the upper limit for normal value. Both the mean CSA and PB are correlated with the grade of electrophysiological abnormalities and clinical severity, respectively.

Conclusion

Ultrasographic measurement of the CSA and PB is helpful to diagnose CTS as a non-invasive and an alternative modality for the evaluation of CTS. In addition, ultrasonography also provides a reliable correlation with the grade of electrodiagnostic abnormalities and clinical severity.     

Isolated volar surgical approach for the treatment of perilunate and lunate dislocations

Background:

Volar and/or dorsal surgical approaches are used for surgical treatment of perilunate and lunate dislocations. There are no accepted approaches for treatment in the literature. We evaluated the functional results of isolated volar surgical approach for the treatment of perilunate and lunate dislocation injuries.

Materials and Methods:

9 patients (6 male and 3 female patients average age 34.5 ± 3.6 years) diagnosed with perilunate or lunate dislocations between January 2000 and January 2009 were involved in the study. The reduction was performed through isolated volar surgical approach and K-wire fixation, fracture stabilization with volar ligament repair was performed. Range of wrist joint motion, fracture healing, carpal stability, grip strength, return to work were evaluated and also direct radiographs were taken routinely at each control. The scapholunate interval and the scapholunate angle were evaluated radiographically. Evaluations of the clinical results were done using the DASH, VAS and Modified Mayo Wrist Scores.

Results:

The physical rehabilitation was started at 6^th week, after the K-wires were removed. The average followup was 18.2 months (range 12-28 months). At the final followup, the average flexion extension arc was 105.0 ± 9.6° (74.6% of the other side), the average rotation arc was 138.8 ± 7.8° (81.5% of the other side) and the average radioulnar arc was 56.1 ± 9.9° (86.4% of the other side). The grip strength was 0.55 bar; 83.2% that the uninjured arm. According to the Mayo Modified Wrist score, the functional result was excellent in five patients and good in four and the average DASH score was 22.8. The scapholunate interval was 2.1 mm and scapholunate angle was 51°.

Conclusion:

The clinical and radiological results of the isolated volar surgical approach were satisfactory. The dorsal approach was not needed for reduction of dislocations during operations. Our results showed that an isolated volar approach was adequate.     

La fistule artérioveineuse est un facteur supplémentaire de risque de développer un syndrome du canal carpien chez le patient hémodialysé

IntroductionCarpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most frequent entrapment neuropathy reported in patients with renal failure undergoing periodic haemodialysis. The role of arteriovenous fistula was discussed. The aim of this study was to investigate this relationship.MethodsSubjects for this study were hemodialysis patients who underwent systematic electroneuromyography between January 2003 and December 2010. Only patients with unilateral fistulae were included for the study.ResultsOne hundred and thirty-four out of 155 patients were examined. CTS was noted in 106 patients and was detectable only in ENMG in 42% of cases. It was more frequent (P < 0.001) and more severe in the side of fistulae (P = 0.08). Besides, development of CTS was only correlated with the longer duration of dialysis (P = 0.005). This duration was significantly shorter in patients with CTS and diabetes.ConclusionThe positive correlation between CTS and aretriovenous fistulae confirms the pathogenic role of this latter. The risk rises in these patients with the duration of hemodialysis and the presence of diabetes.     

Use of external fixation for perilunate dislocations and fracture dislocations

The purpose of this study was to review clinical and radiographic outcomes of perilunate dislocations and fracture dislocations treated with external fixation and K-wire fixation. Twenty patients (18 males and two females) with a mean age of 38 years (range 18–59) who had an acute dorsal perilunate dislocation or fracture dislocation were treated with the use of wrist external fixator and K-wires. The injuries included 12 perilunate dislocations, seven trans-scaphoid perilunate fracture dislocations, and one trans-styloid perilunate fracture dislocation. The median time from trauma to operation was 8 h (2–12 h). Indirect reduction via ligamentotaxis was achieved in all perilunate dislocation, and provisional K-wire fixation was added. In five of seven trans-scaphoid perilunate fracture dislocations, indirect reduction was achieved; whereas in the other two as well as in the case of trans-styloid perilunate fracture dislocation, open reduction was required. External fixator was supplemented with K-wires for stabilization of the fractures and the intercarpal intervals. The interosseous and capsular ligaments were not repaired, even after open reduction of fracture dislocations. The mean follow-up was 39 months (range 18–68 months). Range of motion and grip strength were measured. Cooney’s scoring system was used for the assessment of clinical function. Radiographic evaluation included time to scaphoid union, measurement of radiographic parameters (scapholunate gap, scapholunate angle, lunotriquetral gap, and carpal height ratio) and any development of arthritis. The flexion-extension motion arc and grip strength of the injured wrist averaged 80 and 88%, respectively, of the corresponding values for the contralateral wrists. According to Cooney’s clinical scoring system, overall functional outcomes were rated as excellent in four patients, good in eight, fair in six, and poor in two. Eighteen patients returned to their former occupations. Two patients with a trans-scaphoid perilunate injury developed nonunion of the scaphoid; one of them required scaphoid excision and midcarpal fusion. Two patients had radiographic evidence of arthritis. The use of external fixation and provisional K-wire fixation for the treatment of acute perilunate dislocations is associated with satisfactory midterm functional and radiographic outcomes. This minimally invasive treatment option is simple, reliable, and minimally invasive method that provides proper restoration and stable fixation of carpal alignment.     

Assessing the complications and effectiveness of open carpal tunnel release in a tertiary care centre in a developing country

INTRODUCTION

Open surgical release for carpal tunnel syndrome is not devoid of complications and its quantitative assessment with the Boston questionnaire in a developing country had not been conducted, where, lack of facilities and surgical technique can influence the outcome.

PRESENTATION OF CASE

This was a prospective study in which all cases of carpal tunnel syndrome undergoing open release between June 2007 and June 2012 and who returned for follow up were included. Each patient was requested to fill out the Boston questionnaire twice both pre and post op at 3 months. All complications were recorded as well as bio-data of patients and co morbidities. Follow up was at 2 weeks and at 3 months. Those reporting complications at 3 months were further followed up until 6 months. 373 patients were included in the study. Twenty four patients developed complications. Of these, 12 experienced pain resulting from reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Three patients developed wound dehiscence, 2 cases acquired infections, 4 patients developed immediate post-operative haemorrhage and in 3 patients there was late recurrence of median nerve compression. The symptom severity score pre-operatively was 3.30 (±0.60) and it improved to 1.65 (±0.75) post-operatively indicating a significant change (p < 0.0001). The preoperative functional status score was 2.58 (±0.75) and post-op it became 1.60 (±0.80) again implying a good improvement with an effect size of 1.3.

DISCUSSION

All of the complications produced were well managed. The complication incidence was low. The open release procedure produced good improvement in hand function and in decreasing the symptom severity.

CONCLUSION

Conducting open release for carpal tunnel syndrome in a tertiary referral centre in a developing country offers a good outcome.     

Greater Arch Injuries

Dislocations and fracture dislocations of carpal bones are uncommon injuries which invariably poses challenges in the management. Perilunate fracture dislocations are the combination of ligamentous and osseous injury that involve the “greater arc” of the perilunate associated instability. Despite their severity, these injuries often go unrecognized in the emergency department leading to delayed diagnosis and treatment. A Prospective study was done from June 2008 to December 2013 in 15 cases of complex wrist injuries which included of greater arch injuries, perilunate fracture dislocation and one dorsal dislocation of Scaphoid. 10 cases of perilunate fracture dislocation underwent open reduction and internal fixation with Herbert screw and k-wire, 4 cases of greater arch injury underwent closed reduction and kwire fixation and one case of neglected dorsal dislocation underwent proximal row carpectomy. One patient had Sudecks osteodystrophy 1 had Scaphoid nonunion and 6 had median nerve compression. Overall outcome according to Mayo wrist score was 53 % excellent, 33 % good and 14 % fair. Greater arch injuries are difficult to treat because injuries to many ligaments are involved and failure to recognize early leads to persistent pain, disability and early onset of arthritis. Prompt recognition requires CT scan and MRI. Management requires reduction and multiple K-Wiring according to merits of the case.     

蛇床子素与金雀异黄酮对大鼠峰值骨量影响的比较研究

研究蛇床子素（Osthole,OST）与金雀异黄酮（Genistein,GEN）对大鼠峰值骨密度与骨质量的影响。方法：采用随机分组法将36只1月龄SD雌性大鼠（125±3）g分为3组：对照组（CON,等体积蒸馏水,n=12）,蛇床子素组（OST,9mg·kg^-1d^-1i．g．,n=12）,金雀异黄酮组（GEN,10mg·kg^-1d^-1i．g．;n=12）。每周监测体重,每月用双能x射线骨密度仪（DEXA）检测全身骨密度。3个月后处死所有动物,采用酶联免疫法测定血清骨钙素（Osteocalcin,0C）和抗酒石酸性磷酸酶5b（Tartaficacid phosphatase 5b,TRACP 5b）含量,用DEXA测定股骨骨密度,用μCT分析股骨组织微结构,树脂包埋不脱钙骨组织切片技术做胫骨骨形态分析,用万能材料试验机测定股骨生物力学,称量心、肝、胃、肾、肾上腺和子宫湿重,计算器官指数,并做常规病理学检测。结果：大鼠的体重、器官指数差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;病理学观察未见异常发生;第1、2个月全身骨密度无明显差异（P〉0．05）,第3个月后OST组全身骨密度显著高于CON组、GEN组,上述3组中股骨骨密度与全身骨密度的变化呈相同趋势（P〈0．05）。与对照组相比,OST组、GEN组血清OC水平升高,而与CON组、GEN组相比,0ST组的TRACP5b含量下降（P〈0．05）;OST组的骨体积百分率、骨小梁厚度和骨小梁数量均高于CON组,但骨小梁分离度和模型系数均显著低于CON组（P〈0．05）,OST组与GEN组的上述指标虽未出现统计学差异（P〉0．05）,但平均值OST组高于GEN组;OST组骨小梁厚度和骨小梁数量均高于CON组、GEN组,但骨小梁分离度低于CON组、GEN组;OST组股骨最大载荷、弹性模量和屈服强度均明显高于CON组（P〈0．05）,OST组与GEN组虽未出现统计学差异（P〉0．05）,但平均值OST组高于GEN组。结论：口服蛇床子素能有效提高大鼠峰值骨量,从而?