Initial experience with the disarticulated (one-half) palmaz-schatz stent: A technical report

We developed an alternative method to stent suitable lesions located in anatomical settings considered to be too complex for regular Palmaz-Schatz stent placement. This method consists of using a disarticulated (one-half) Palmaz-Schatz stent. Eight patients underwent stenting utilizing this method. The left anterior descending was stented in five patients, the right coronary artery in one patient, the proximal and mid shaft of a vein graft in one patient, and a protected left main coronary artery in one patient. In all patients the stents were placed in addition to full stents. In four patients, 1_1/2 stents were placed; two patients had 2_1/2 stents; one patient had 3_1/2 stents and the last patient had a total of 5 stents placed (1 full stent and 8 half stents). One patient had 8 disarticulated stents placed. All half stents prepared for delivery were successfully deployed to the pre-designated angiographic site without complication.     

急性脑梗死患者颈动脉硬化与C反应蛋白及纤维蛋白原的相关性

目的探讨急性脑梗死患者高敏C反应蛋白和纤维蛋白原的变化与颈动脉粥样硬化超声指标之间的关系。方法应用高频多普勒超声检测颈动脉内膜—中膜厚度、斑块总计分和血流速度;同时检测其血C反应蛋白和纤维蛋白原浓度;连续观察103例,其中急性脑梗死组33例,慢性脑梗死组34例,年龄相匹配的正常对照组36例。各项数据用SPSS10软件统计分析。结果颈动脉内膜—中膜厚度和斑块发生率急性组和慢性组较对照组增加(P均<0.01),而急性组和慢性组间差异无显著性(P>0.05);慢性组颈动脉斑块积分较急性组显著增加(P>0.05);C反应蛋白浓度急性组(19.54±37.96mg/L)较慢性组(4.01±7.22mg/L)和对照组(1.66±1.17mg/L)增高(P均<0.01);慢性组较对照组增高但差异无显著性(P>0.05)。急性组、慢性组和对照组间C反应蛋白浓度95%的可信范围分别为1.24～2.08mg/L、4.52～34.56mg/L和1.42～6.62mg/L。急性组血浆纤维蛋白原浓度依次大于慢性组和对照组,但差异无显著性(P>0.05)。多元逐步回归分析表明:血C反应蛋白浓度与纤维蛋白原和斑块总计分呈正相关,与血流阻力指数呈负相关。血纤维蛋白原浓度与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度呈负相关。结论脑梗死患者急性期纤维蛋白原血浓度变化不敏感;C反应蛋白血浓度升高与颈动脉内膜—中膜厚度无关,与纤维蛋白原血浓度和斑块总计分关系密切。     

Carotid stenting in the bovine arch.

We report our experience in stent-supported angioplasty of the left internal carotid artery in patients with anomalous origin of the left common carotid, the so-called bovine arch, in which the right brachiocephalic and left carotid share a common trunk from the aortic arch. The occurrence of the anatomic variant is discussed, and techniques of femoral, brachial, and radial approaches are described.     

Clinical Impact of Contralateral Carotid Occlusion in Patients Undergoing Carotid Artery Revascularization

BackgroundThe presence of a contralateral carotid occlusion (CCO) is an established high-risk feature for patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and is traditionally an indication for carotid artery stenting (CAS). Recent observational data have called into question whether CCO remains a high-risk feature for CEA.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine the clinical impact of CCO among patients undergoing CEA and CAS in a contemporary nationwide registry.MethodsAll patients undergoing CEA or CAS from 2007 to 2019 in the NCDR CARE (National Cardiovascular Data Registry Carotid Artery Revascularization and Endarterectomy) and PVI (Peripheral Vascular Intervention) registries were included. The primary exposure was the presence of CCO. The outcome was a composite of in-hospital death, stroke, and myocardial infarction. Multivariable logistic regression and inverse-probability of treatment weighting were used to compare outcomes.ResultsAmong 58,423 patients who underwent carotid revascularization, 4,624 (7.9%) had a CCO. Of those, 68.9% (n = 3,185) underwent CAS and 31.1% (n = 1,439) underwent CEA. The average age of patients with CCO was 69.5 ± 9.7 years, 32.6% were women, 92.8% were Caucasian, 51.7% had a prior transient ischemic attack or stroke, and 45.4% presented with symptomatic disease. Over the study period, there was a 41.7% decrease in the prevalence of CCO among patients who underwent carotid revascularization (p < 0.001), but CAS remained the primary revascularization strategy. Unadjusted composite outcome rates were lower in patients with CCO after CAS (2.1%) than CEA (3.6%). Following adjustment, CCO was associated with a 71% increase in the odds of an adverse outcome after CEA (95% confidence interval: 1.27 to 2.30; p < 0.001) compared with no increase after CAS (adjusted odds ratio: 0.94; 95% confidence interval: 0.72 to 1.22; p = 0.64).ConclusionsCCO remains an important predictor of increased risk among patients undergoing CEA, but not CAS.     

高血压伴2型糖尿病患者颈动脉粥样硬化病变与脑梗死的关系

目的　探讨高血压伴 2型糖尿病患者颈动脉病变与脑梗死的关系。方法　应用彩色多普勒显像仪对76例高血压伴 2型糖尿病患者、83例高血压患者、79例 2型糖尿病患者进行颈动脉超声检测 ,观察颈动脉病变 ,并作血脂、血凝测定。结果　高血压伴 2型糖尿病组颈动脉斑块的检出率 (76.3 % )显著高于高血压组 (5 6.6% )和 2型糖尿病组(5 0 .6% ) ,(P <0 .0 5 )。三组脑梗死的发生率分别为 5 9.2 %、5 1.8%、和 5 3 .2 % ,无明显差异 ,P >0 .0 5 ,但三组中有颈动脉内膜增厚或斑块病变者脑梗死的发生率均较颈动脉正常者显著增高 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　颈动脉超声对脑梗死的预测有一定的参考价值     

Panvascular disease – Diagnosis and management

Panvascular disease (PVD) increases significantly the risk for cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke and cardiovascular death); the more sites affected, the greater the risk of a major cardiac event. Despite its high incidence and severe cardiovascular prognosis, PVD has still not been well studied. History of risk factors and co-morbidities, as well as a detailed physical examination, are mandatory in the initial screening and diagnostic work-up. The ankle-brachial index and various non-invasive imaging methods such as duplex ultrasound, computed tomography or magnetic resonance angiography are used for the diagnosis of atherosclerosis in various vascular beds, while digital subtraction angiography is currently used almost exclusively in association with endovascular procedures. Appropriate utilization of techniques is based on international guidelines and a multidisciplinary discussion for each case.Management of a patient diagnosed with PVD can be very complex. Secondary preventive measures and aggressive medical treatment are needed to reduce excess cardiovascular risk. Whether routine screening for atherosclerosis at various sites in the arterial tree in all or selected patients may alter treatment to improve outcome in these patients has not been shown.In the lack of hard evidence, individualized decision-making is needed with the collaboration of many specialties in a multidisciplinary approach. In general, the more symptomatic lesion or the lesion with the strongest prognostic impact should be treated first. In selected cases combined interventions can be done. Perioperative cardiovascular complications are common in patients with PVD, thus preoperative targeted screening may be needed.Clinical studies are needed to identify more effective approaches to diagnose and treat these patients. A single trial performed so far failed to demonstrate a panvascular screening in patients with severe coronary artery disease. Meanwhile, a multidisciplinary team is often needed to optimize short- and long-term prognosis.     

Prevalence of Early Left Ventricular Thrombus after Primary Coronary Intervention for Acute Myocardial Infarction

The prevalence of left ventricular (LV) thrombus after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has been reported high at 20–60%. Current reperfusion therapies such as thrombolysis have shown a trend toward reducing the incidence of LV thrombosis. However, the prevalence of LV thrombus after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for AMI has not been systematically studied. At Massachusetts General Hospital 71 consecutive patients who underwent primary PCI for acute ST elevation MI were reviewed for the prevalence of LV thrombus evaluated by echocardiography. Echocardiography was performed within 5 days of infarction. PCI was successful in all patients. The time delay from symptom onset to intervention was 191 minutes. Thrombolysis in Myocardiol Infarction (TIMI) grade 3 flow was achieved in more than 80% of cases. Only 3 patients (4%) had echocardiographic evidence of LV thrombus. All 3 patients had anterior infarctions. The incidence among patients with anterior MI was 10% (3 of 30 patients). The prevalence of LV thrombus in patients treated with primary PCI for AMI is low (4%).     

Acute and long‐term clinical and angiographic outcomes of coronary stenting using Palmaz‐Schatz stent and ACS Multi‐Link stent

Acute and long‐term (≥ 3 years) outcomes of coronary artery stenting using Palmaz‐Schatz and Multi‐Link stent implantations between November 1995 and October 1999 were analyzed. There were 655 Palmaz‐Schatz stent implantations in 577 lesions on 477 patients (group A) and 428 Multi‐Link stent implantations in 381 lesions on 326 patients (group B). The baseline characteristics were similar in the two groups. Group B had more complex lesions, longer stenotic lesions, and larger reference vessel sizes than group A. However, both groups had a similar in‐hospital cardiac events. Four hundred and two patients with 488 lesions in group A and 260 patients with 307 lesions in group B underwent a 6‐month follow‐up coronary angiography. The restenotic rate per lesion was 16% in both groups (P = 0.872). A 3‐year angiographic follow‐up was performed in 262 patients of group A (301 lesions) and 139 patients of group B (162 lesions), and restenosis was noted in only 3 patients (1.36%) in group A and 5 patients (4%) in group B, in which the lesion was patent at the 6‐month angiographic follow‐up. Significant increase in minimal luminal diameter was noted from 2.23 ± 0.66 mm at 6 months to 2.33 ± 0.64 mm in group A (P < 0.01), and insignificant increase from 2.23 ± 0.77 to 2.28 ± 0.82 mm was noted in group B (P = 0.27). No differences were noted between the two groups in mortality, reinfarction, recurrent angina, target lesion angioplasty, or elective coronary artery bypass surgery during a follow‐up period of 60 ± 3 months. Forty‐five patients (9.4%) in group A and 18 patients (5.5%) in group B received additional stenting procedures for newly developed lesions. The overall cardiac event‐free survival was 66% in group A and 72% in group B (P = 0.844). In conclusion, the procedural success rate, in‐hospital morbidity, 6‐month angiographic results, and long‐term (≥ 3 years) clinical and angiographic outcomes were similar with coronary stenting using either Palmaz‐Schatz or Multi‐Link stent. The stented lesions were stable; however, late regression of minimal luminal diameter was noted in both groups, and progression of atherosclerotic change in the nonstented site was noted during long‐term follow‐up. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004;62:453–460. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

凌晨血压增高与亚临床动脉粥样硬化密切相关

目的探讨高血压患者凌晨血压增高(MBPS)及动态血压监测参数与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法高血压患者226例,分为MBPS组(51例)与非MBPS组(175例),并根据颈动脉内膜中膜厚度(IMT)分为IMT增厚组94例和非IMT增厚组132例,分别检查血脂、动态血压监测、颈动脉超声等,比较两组之间年龄、动态血压参数以及颈动脉IMT以及斑块Crouse积分的差别。结果1)MBPS组MBPS值、凌晨平均动脉压、凌晨脉压、颈动脉IMT、斑块积分显著高于非MBPS组(P<0.05);2)颈动脉IMT增厚组MBPS值、凌晨平均动脉压、凌晨脉压、24h平均收缩压、24h平均舒张压、白昼平均收缩压、白昼平均舒张压、夜间平均收缩压、夜间平均舒张压显著高于颈动脉非IMT增厚组(P<0.05)。结论MBPS者颈动脉粥样硬化程度较高,MBPS可能促进颈动脉粥样硬化进程。     

Simultaneous stenting of the carotid artery and other coronary or extracoronary arteries: Does a combined procedure increase the risk of interventional therapy?

Simultaneous interventions in carotid and other extracarotid arteries are not performed on a routine basis up to now. In 67 out of 295 consecutive patients (23%) undergoing elective stenting of the internal carotid artery, additional interventions in the coronary arteries (n = 65), the iliac artery (n = 3), renal artery (n = 1), left subclavian artery (n = 3), vertebral artery (n = 4), or a combination thereof were performed. Primary stenting was done in 51 (74%) out of 69 carotid arteries, in 48 (74%) of 65 coronary arteries, and in 10 (91%) of 11 other targeted vessels. Neurological complications consisted of two (2.9%) transient ischemic attacks and one (1.5%) minor stroke. In addition, one (1.5%) myocardial infarction occurred during coronary artery intervention. In comparison, 16 (6.6%) transient ischemic attacks, 1 minor stroke (0.4%), 5 (2.2%) major strokes, and 3 (1.2%) deaths were observed in 228 patients without combined procedures. Simultaneous percutaneous interventions including carotid arteries and other extracarotid arteries are feasible, relatively safe, and cost-effective.