选择性冠状动脉内支架置入术围手术期的配合与护理

目的 :探讨合理配合与正确护理在冠状动脉内球囊成形 (PTCA)及支架置入术中的作用。方法 :冠心病病人184例经冠状动脉造影确诊后 ,根据冠状动脉血管狭窄程度行PTCA加内支架置入术 ,术中除配合操作医师完成介入手术及监护外 ,同时对病人进行心理护理 ,术后康复指导。结果 :184例病人置入1个支架者107例 (58 % ) ,2个支架者62例 (33 % ) ,3个支架者12例 (6 % ) ,4个支架者3例 (约占1 6 % ) ,手术成功率达到99 %。结论 :围手术期的合理配合与正确护理对提高PTCA的成功率 ,减少并发症具有重要的意义     

新疆维吾尔族、汉族2型糖尿病住院患者颈动脉粥样硬化及危险因素的对比研究

目的比较维吾尔族和汉族2型糖尿病住院患者颈动脉粥样硬化的检出率及相关的危险因素。方法136例维吾尔族和158例汉族2型糖尿病住院患者进行颈动脉B超检查,记录临床资料,测量收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、计算体质指数(BMI),检测糖化血红蛋白(HbA1C)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、脂蛋白a(LP(a))、凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血酶原时间(APTT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、纤维蛋白原(Fg)。结果维吾尔族和汉族2型糖尿病患者颈动脉粥样硬化检出率分别为38.2%,51.8%,维吾尔族患者高于汉族(P<0.05)。维吾尔族患者BMI、LDL-C和病程分别为(28.67±3.02)kg/m2(、3.29±0.53)mmol/L(、5.42±0.58)a,BMI、LDL-C高于汉族患者,差别有统计学意义(P<0.05),而病程明显短于汉族患者(P<0.05)。结论维吾尔族2型糖尿病住院患者颈动脉粥样硬化的检出率显著高于汉族患者并有早发倾向,这可能与维吾尔族患者的BMI和LDL-C水平高于汉族患者有关。     

核因子-kB在高脂饮食兔颈总动脉球囊损伤后的动态变化及其与内膜增生的关系

目的观察高脂饮食兔颈总动脉球囊损伤后核因子kB（NF-kB）表达的变化及其与动脉内膜增生的关系。方法对高脂饮食兔颈总动脉球囊损伤后不同时间段的颈总动脉标本采用组织形态学方法检测内膜增生；采用原位杂交方法检测损伤血管NF-kB mRNA的表达。结果（1）球囊损伤后，内膜面积随时间逐步增生，中层各时段均未见明显变化，内膜／中层比率随时间逐步增长。对照侧内膜轻度增生但明显较损伤侧轻（P〈0．05）。（2）球囊损伤后6h即可见NF-kB表达，并于2周达高峰，4周仍有较强表达。NF-kB在损伤侧表达均强于对照侧（P〈0．05）。结论高脂饮食免颈总动脉球囊损伤后，NF-kB被激活，从而引起炎症反应，导致内膜增生可能是再狭窄发生的重要机制之一。     

超声检测颈动脉对冠心病的预诊断价值

目的探讨颈动脉粥样硬化与冠心病的关系。方法对91例冠心病的患者行冠状动脉造影和颈动脉超声检查。分为对照(CON)组、稳定型心绞痛(SAP)组和不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)组。结果SAP组和UAP组的IMT值、颈动脉硬化和斑块形成的阳性率均明显高于CON组(P<0.01);冠脉单支和多支病变组与CON组比较上述指标亦有明显增高(P<0.01);UAP组不稳定型斑块比例显著高于SAP组(P<0.01)。比较两者的检出率,颈动脉硬化具有较高的敏感度,特异性偏低;而粥样斑块形成则有较高的特异性,敏感度较低,阳性似然比、阴性似然比均高于颈动脉硬化。结论测定颈动脉壁厚度、粥样斑块及其性质,对冠心病的预测具有临床意义。     

他汀类与抗血小板药联合用药对缺血性脑血管病患者颈动脉粥样硬化的干预作用

目的:探讨缺血性脑血管病患者联合应用他汀类及抗血小板药对颈动脉粥样硬化和脑血管事件的干预作用。方法:选择146例缺血性脑血管病合并颈动脉粥样硬化患者,将其随机分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组74例,应用氟伐他汀(每晚40mg)和拜阿斯匹灵(100mg/d),对照组72例,仅给拜阿斯匹灵(100mg/d)。共随访2年,分别在治疗前,治疗后6月、12月、18月、24月检测血脂,颈动脉内-中膜厚度,颈动脉斑块积分。结果:治疗组平均颈动脉内-中膜厚度和颈动脉斑块积分,治疗前分别为(1.22±0.19)mm和4.4±2.5,治疗后分别为(0.87±0.15)mm和2.8±1.1,治疗前后比较差异具有显著性(P<0.01)。随访结束时,治疗组缺血性脑血管病复发率9.5%,与对照组复发率(26.3%)相比明显下降。结论:联合应用他汀类及抗血小板药能延缓和逆转缺血性脑血管病患者颈动脉粥样硬化的进展,对缺血性脑血管病的复发有很好的预防作用,且不增加脑出血发生率。     

阿卡波糖对糖耐量减低者早期干预的影响

目的比较不同糖耐量水平者颈动脉内膜-中层厚度(IMT)和血清C-反应蛋白(CRP)水平;观察糖耐量减低(IGT)者应用阿卡波糖早期干预后的变化。方法256例受试者,行口服75g葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)并以1997年ADA定义分三组:糖耐量正常(NGT)组、糖调节受损(IGR)组和2型糖尿病(T2DM)组。测定颈动脉IMT及血清CRP浓度。将IGR组中的IGT及空腹血糖受损(IFG)+IGT患者随机分为治疗组(应用阿卡波糖)和对照组。结果(1)三组颈动脉IMT和血清CRP水平逐渐升高(P<0.05),Spearman等级相关分析显示颈动脉IMT及血清CRP浓度和糖耐量水平呈负相关(P<0.01)。(2)治疗16周后,治疗组与对照组相比颈动脉IMT及血清CRP浓度差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论IGR程度越重,动脉粥样硬化(AS)病变也越重;对IGT患者使用阿卡波糖早期干预可能有益于减缓AS的发生和发展。     

Comparison of the ECST, CC, and NASCET grading methods and ultrasound for assessing carotid stenosis

We compared three angiographic methods for grading of carotid stenosis and examined the correlation between angiographic and ultrasound findings. Two observers independently measured 111 carotid stenoses on arteriographic films of 84 patients. The stenoses were graded according to the European Carotid Surgery Trial (ECST), North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET), and Common Carotid (CC) methods. The results obtained by these methods were compared, and the interobserver reproducibility of the measurements was calculated. In addition, all angiographic results were compared to ultrasound findings obtained before angiography. Measurements using the CC method were the most reproducible and those using the NASCET method the least. The NASCET method underestimated the degree of stenosis compared to the other methods. The ECST and CC methods yielded almost identical results (97% agreement). Ultrasound provided an accuracy of 94% compared to ECST and CC methods and 84% compared to the NASCET method. Interobserver reproducibility of angiographic quantification of carotid stenoses was best for the CC and ECST methods and least for the NASCET method. Ultrasound demonstrated better accuracy than the ECST and CC methods. Received: 7 April 1999/Received in revised form: 5 October 1999/Accepted: 11 April 2000     

Cognitive disorders in patients with occlusive disease of the carotid artery: a systematic review of the literature

We present a systematic review of the literature on the prevalence, nature, severity, course, and causes of cognitive deficits in patients with occlusive disease of the carotid artery prior to surgery (if surgery was under discussion). Searches were carried out on Medline and Psychlit from 1980 to 1999 using neurovascular and psychological index terms, and papers and books were checked for further references. Studies describing neuropsychological assessment of groups of patients with carotid obstruction were included. Eighteen studies were found. We extracted from the papers data on study design, demographic characteristics of patients, clinical diagnosis, carotid obstruction, cerebral imaging, time interval between ischemic episode and neuropsychological assessment, neuropsychological asessment procedures, integration and interpretation of test performances, and conclusions of authors. Fourteen studies concluded that there are cognitive deficits both in patients with symptomatic and in those with asymptomatic carotid obstruction; four studies denied cognitive impairment. There were no differences in patient characteristics, study design, or neuropsychological assessment procedures between the 14 studies that found deficits and the 4 that did not. There are indications for a mild, diffuse, detrimental effect of carotid occlusive disease on cognitive functioning. However, methodological problems prevent a definitive conclusion. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and to ascertain the neurovascular risk factors for and the natural course of cognitive impairment in patients with carotid occlusive disease. Received: 12 July 1999/Received in revised form: 10 November 1999/Accepted: 26 January 2000     

COX基因多态性与缺血性卒中的相关性研究

【摘要】 目的 探讨环氧合酶(COX)代谢通路基因多态性及其与缺血性卒中发病率的关系。方法 将2013年2月~2015年11月在德阳市人民医院和温州医科大学第三附属医院神经内科住院经头颅CT和MRI检查确诊的299例急性缺血性卒中患者,根据彩超结果分为颈动脉易损斑块组（VP）94例、稳定斑块组（SP）74例和无斑块组（NP）131例;同时再分为颈动脉内膜增厚组（IT）108例和非内膜增厚组（NT）191例。使用聚合酶链反应和质谱分析测定基因多态性,包括前列腺素合酶1(PTGS1 rs1236913)、前列腺素H合酶2(PTGS2 rs689466)、血栓素A2合酶(TBXAS1 rs2267679、rs41708、rs194149)、前列腺素E合酶(PTGES2 rs6478818)、环前列腺素合成酶(PTGIS rs5602、rs5629)。结果 在易损斑块组和无斑块组之间TBXAS1 rs194149 GG基因型(P=00281),PTGIS rs5602 CT基因型(P=00319)存在显著差异。内膜增厚组和非内膜增厚组之间PTGS2 rs689466 GG基因型(P=00216)显示显著差异。多元回归分析显示,PTGIS的AA基因型(P=00308,OR:0275,95%CI:0079～0955)和PTGS2的AG+ GG基因型(P=00065,OR:2162,95%CI:1232～3795)是内膜增厚的破坏性因素。结论 COX的单核苷酸多态性(SNP)与脑梗死的发病率存在相关性,PTGIS和PTGS2基因多态性与内膜增厚脑卒中患者相关。