常见脉象寸口部光电血管容积图的参数分析

为了研究不同脉象与血管容积图的关系,应用BC-4型定量式光电血管容积仪对432例受检者（包括正常脉象和10种常见病脉）进行寸口脉光电血管容积图检测,同步进行血流动力学参数分析。结果表明,与正常脉象比较,种种病脉在寸口脉血管容积图上均显示出各种脉象的参数特征,而血流动力学指标的变化反映了不同脉象形成的心血管病理生理特点。提示寸口部光电血管容积图参数为各类病理脉象的临床诊断提供了客观化依据。     

提升中医外语专业跨文化传播能力的教学思考

中医药外语专业教学目的中,除有翻译某篇中医药文献的意图,还要清楚翻译目的和翻译作用。如果任意把一种文化输入到另一种文化中去,得到的不是文化交流,而是文化凝血。用现代科学体系表达,可以使中医从古代自然哲学思辩式的论述中解脱出来,变成用现代科学语言表达的理论,从而解决中医典籍在外语专业教学中的难题。     

Confidentiality: a practical guide for anaesthetic and intensive care medicine practitioners

Confidentiality is both a legal and ethical duty for medical professionals, however, it is not absolute. Disclosure of confidential information is permitted in specific circumstances. This article will cover the legal framework around confidential information and its disclosure, with relevant examples that may be encountered by anaesthetic and intensive care medicine practitioners.     

支付能力对停药前用药时间影响的观察

目的:观察医疗费用支付能力在精神分裂症治疗中对停药前服药时间的影响。方法:将精神分裂症按支付能力分为公费组、自费组,自费组再分为支付能力好组、支付能力差组,观察各组在两年内停药、服药情况,倾向评分均衡化处理后比较各组停药前用药时间。结果:公费组与自费组在维持用药时间无差别,但自费组中支付能力差组较其它组别有更短的维持服药时间。结论:应用停药前服药时间应考虑费用支付能力的影响,对支付能力差的患者给予一定的经济支持有可能改善停药前用药时间。     

Involvement of mothers in high-risk neonatal care: A capacity building program for neonatal nurses

The quality of mother-infant interaction directly impacts neonatal and maternal health and well-being. Nurses play a significant role in facilitating and supporting the mothers to participate in the care of their neonates admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Capacity-Building Program (CBP) was conducted to empower the neonatal nurses to facilitate and support mothers in routine care of their neonates admitted to NICU. A total of 53 neonatal nurses participated in the program. This program focused on empowering the neonatal nurses on the responsibilities and strategies to involve mothers in routine care of neonates at NICU. The program was evaluated by testing nurses’ knowledge through pre-test and post-test score analysis. Neonatal nurses demonstrated a higher level of knowledge post-implementation of the program. It was found that the capacity-building program intervention was effective (p < 0.001) in improving the knowledge of neonatal nurses on the role of nurses in facilitating and supporting mothers in the care of their neonates admitted to NICU.     

乳腺癌多学科综合诊疗模式的能力建设及发展趋势

乳腺癌是全球发病率最高的恶性肿瘤，是女性健康的重大威胁。伴随外科治疗、内科系统治疗、放射治疗及其他交叉学科的蓬勃发展，乳腺癌治疗已经从以“疾病”为核心转变为以“患者”为核心的多学科综合治疗（MDT）模式。促进乳腺肿瘤MDT的能力建设，优化医疗资源配置，实现基于多学科诊疗思维引导下乳腺癌诊疗技能提升及单病种个体精准化诊疗是未来的发展趋势。伴随MDT模式的内涵不断延伸及不断充实，患者的治疗策略也被不断优化，推动中国乳腺癌诊疗水平持续向最高点看齐。     

Gaining actionable knowledge to improve local health-promoting capacities in long-term care support settings for people with intellectual disabilities

ObjectivePeople with intellectual disabilities (ID) are largely dependent on their environment to live healthily and, in this, ID-support organizations play a vital role. An environmental asset mapping tool for ID-support settings has been developed. This study aims to provide insight into whether or not the tool can provide a comprehensive view on assets in the system and actionable knowledge to improve health-promoting capacities in ID-support settings.MethodsFifty-seven users from four setting completed the tool on availability, user satisfaction, and dreams regarding social, physical, organizational, and financial assets.ResultsThe findings provide a comprehensive view of available assets. Together with user satisfaction and dreams for improvements, they provide actionable knowledge for improving the health-promoting capacities of the settings, including: (1) how use of available assets can be improved, (2) the type of assets that should be enriched, and (3) the assets that can be added to the system.ConclusionThe asset mapping tool provides a comprehensive view on assets in the system and actionable knowledge to improve health-promoting capacities in ID-support settings.Practice implicationsID-support organizations can use the tool to generate actionable bottom-up knowledge for priority setting and implementing interventions to improve their health-promoting capacities.     

HPV Vaccination and Cervical Cancer Screening Policies and Practices in 18 Countries,Territories and Entities across Eastern Europe and Central Asia

Background: To assess readiness to achieve the WHO Global Strategy targets for HPV vaccination and cervical screening and to guide capacity building, the current status of these services in 18 Eastern European and Central Asian countries, territories and entities (CTEs) was evaluated. Methods: In order to assess the current status of HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening in these 18 CTEs, a 30 question survey tool was developed, covering: national policies, strategies and plans for cervical cancer prevention; status of cancer registration; status of HPV vaccination; and current practices for cervical cancer screening and treatment of precancerous lesions. As cervical cancer prevention comes within the mandate of the United Nations Fund for Population Development (UNFPA), the UNFPA offices in the 18 CTEs have regular contact with national experts who are directly involved in cervical cancer prevention actions and are well placed to provide the data required for this survey. Working through the UNFPA offices, the questionnaires were sent to these national experts in April 2021, with data collected from April to July 2021. All CTEs returned completed questionnaires. Results: Only Armenia, Georgia, Moldova, North Macedonia, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan have implemented national HPV vaccination programmes, with only the last 2 of these reaching the WHO target of 90% of girls fully vaccinated by age 15, while rates in the other 4 range from 8%-40%. Cervical screening is available in all CTEs but only Belarus and Turkmenistan have reached the WHO target of 70% of women screened once by age 35 and again by age 45, while rates elsewhere range from 2%-66%. Only Albania and Turkey follow the WHO recommendation to use a high-performance screening test, while the majority use cervical cytology as the main screening test and Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan use visual inspection. No CTEs currently operate systems to coordinate, monitor and quality assure (QA) the entire cervical screening process. Conclusions: Cervical cancer prevention services in this region are very limited. Achieving the WHO Global Strategy targets by 2030 will require substantial investments in capacity building by international development organisations.     

Availability and costs of medicines for the treatment of tuberculosis in Europe

ObjectivesTo evaluate the access to comprehensive diagnostics and novel antituberculosis medicines in European countries.MethodsWe investigated the access to genotypic and phenotypic Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug susceptibility testing and the availability of antituberculosis drugs and calculated the cost of drugs and treatment regimens at major tuberculosis treatment centres in countries of the WHO European region where rates of drug-resistant tuberculosis are the highest among all WHO regions. Results were stratified by middle-income and high-income countries.ResultsOverall, 43 treatment centres from 43 countries participated in the study. For WHO group A drugs, the frequency of countries with the availability of phenotypic drug susceptibility testing was as follows: (a) 75% (30/40) for levofloxacin, (b) 82% (33/40) for moxifloxacin, (c) 48% (19/40) for bedaquiline, and (d) 72% (29/40) for linezolid. Overall, of the 43 countries, 36 (84%) and 24 (56%) countries had access to bedaquiline and delamanid, respectively, whereas only 6 (14%) countries had access to rifapentine. The treatment of patients with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis with a regimen including a carbapenem was available only in 17 (40%) of the 43 countries. The median cost of regimens for drug-susceptible tuberculosis, multidrug-resistant/rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (shorter regimen, including bedaquiline for 6 months), and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (including bedaquiline, delamanid, and a carbapenem) were €44 (minimum–maximum, €15–152), €764 (minimum–maximum, €542–15152), and €8709 (minimum–maximum, €7965–11759) in middle-income countries (n = 12) and €280 (minimum–maximum, €78–1084), €29765 (minimum–maximum, €11116–40584), and €217591 (minimum–maximum, €82827–320146) in high-income countries (n = 29), respectively.DiscussionIn countries of the WHO European region, there is a widespread lack of drug susceptibility testing capacity to new and repurposed antituberculosis drugs, lack of access to essential medications in several countries, and a high cost for the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis.