CpG寡核苷酸对人外周血B淋巴细胞免疫刺激作用

目的观察CpG-ODN 2006和CpG-ODN 2216对健康人外周血单个核细胞中B淋巴细胞抗原递呈相关分子MHC-I、MHC-Ⅱ及共刺激分子CD 80、CD 86表达的影响,探讨CpG-ODN对B淋巴细胞抗原递呈功能的作用。方法CpG-ODN 2006、CpG-ODN 2216与健康人PBM C共培养48 h,用流式细胞技术以CD 19-P reCP“设门”其中B淋巴细胞,检测其表面CD 69、MHC-Ⅰ、MHC-Ⅱ、CD 80及CD 86的表达状况,并与未加CpG-ODN组进行比较。B淋巴细胞MHC-I、MHC-Ⅱ的表达量以几何平均荧光强度表示(M F I);CD 80、CD 86的表达量以阳性细胞百分率表示。结果CpD-ODN 2006和CpG-ODN 2216均显著提高B淋巴细胞CD 69、MHC-Ⅰ、MHC-Ⅱ、CD 80及CD 86的表达,与未加CpG-ODN组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。CpG-ODN 2216使B淋巴细胞表面抗原递呈相关分子的增加量更为明显。结论CpG-ODN能够提高B淋巴细胞表面抗原递呈相关分子和共刺激分子的表达,能增强B淋巴细胞递呈抗原的能力。     

An animated landscape representation of CD4+ T‐cell differentiation,variability, and plasticity: Insights into the behavior of populations versus cells

Recent advances in understanding CD4⁺ T‐cell differentiation suggest that previous models of a few distinct, stable effector phenotypes were too simplistic. Although several well‐characterized phenotypes are still recognized, some states display plasticity, and intermediate phenotypes exist. As a framework for reexamining these concepts, we use Waddington's landscape paradigm, augmented with explicit consideration of stochastic variations. Our animation program “LAVA” visualizes T‐cell differentiation as cells moving across a landscape of hills and valleys, leading to attractor basins representing stable or semistable differentiation states. The model illustrates several principles, including: (i) cell populations may behave more predictably than individual cells; (ii) analogous to reticulate evolution, differentiation may proceed through a network of interconnected states, rather than a single well‐defined pathway; (iii) relatively minor changes in the barriers between attractor basins can change the stability or plasticity of a population; (iv) intrapopulation variability of gene expression may be an important regulator of differentiation, rather than inconsequential noise; (v) the behavior of some populations may be defined mainly by the behavior of outlier cells. While not a quantitative representation of actual differentiation, our model is intended to provoke discussion of T‐cell differentiation pathways, particularly highlighting a probabilistic view of transitions between states.     

Potential function of TGF-β isoforms in maturation-stage ameloblasts

Objectives

To investigate potential functions of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) isoforms in maturation-stage ameloblasts during amelogenesis.

Influence of mouse prolactin‐inducible protein in saliva on the aggregation of oral bacteria

Introduction: Mouse prolactin‐inducible protein (mPIP) is secreted in mouse saliva and has been found to bind oral bacteria, showing the highest affinity for streptococci. Comparisons between the oral flora of mPIP knockout mice and their wild‐type controls showed differences in the genera colonizing the two groups of mice. These findings suggested a role for mPIP in the colonization of the mouse oral cavity, possibly modulating the oral flora. In this in vitro study, we focused on the contribution of this protein to aggregation of oral bacteria, a process thought to promote the clearance of bacteria from the oral cavity, and one that could influence the composition of the oral bacterial community. Methods: The aggregation of selected human and mouse oral streptococci was measured spectrophotometrically. The aggregation of oral bacteria by saliva from mPIP knockout mice, which lack mPIP, was compared with that of saliva from wild‐type mice. Results: Both wild‐type saliva and mPIP knockout mouse saliva induced aggregation of human strain Streptococcus gordonii SK120 and mouse streptococci strains M105/6 and M106/2. Bacterial aggregation induced by the saliva of wild‐type mice was significantly higher than the aggregation induced by saliva from mPIP knockout mice for all the bacterial strains. Conclusion: In this study it was confirmed that mPIP plays a role in the aggregation of oral bacteria. The salivary components promoting aggregation of oral bacteria are considered to be part of the oral defense mechanisms so these findings provide insight into a possible function of mPIP in host defense by promoting aggregation of oral bacteria.     

COULTER流式细胞仪采用自配试剂在CD55、CD59水平检测中的应用探讨

目的探讨美国COULTER流式细胞仪试剂国产化问题。方法将自配鞘液及清洗液的理化性质、精密度、准确度、稳定性与原装试剂进行对比分析。结果自配试剂与原装试剂理化性质一致,采用自配试剂测定15份患者标本CD55、CD59水平并与原装试剂对比,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,两者呈高度正相关（r〉0．95）。自配试剂稳定性好,放置1年后,用原装试剂分别测定15份标本,结果差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,两者呈高度正相关（r〉0．95）。结论自配美国COULTER流式细胞仪试剂完全可以代替原装进口试剂进行CD55、CD59的检测。     

食管癌组织MRP1／CD9、ME491／CD63的表达与其生物学行为的关系

目的探讨食管癌组织中MRPl／CD9、ME491／CD63表达的临床意义及其与生物学行为的关系。方法应用免疫组化SABC法,检测54例食管癌组织中MRPl／CD9、ME491／CD63的表达,并进行比较分析。结果食管癌组织MRPl／CD9的表达与淋巴结转移、肿瘤的分级、术后存活时间显著相关（P〈0．05）。ME491／CD63表达的与食管癌转移、分化、浸润深度、术后生存时间无相关性（P〉0．05）。结论MRPl／CD9可作为食管癌的预后指标。     

CA15—3、CA125、CEA联合检测在乳腺癌诊断中的临床意义

目的 探讨CA15-3、CA125、CEA三项肿瘤标志物联合检测对乳腺癌早期诊断和鉴别诊断的意义.方法 采用电化学发光免疫分析技术(ECLIA)检测68例乳腺癌患者血清中CA15-3、CA125、CEA等肿瘤标志物的含量,并分析各项指标的阳性检出率和敏感性、特异性.结果 乳腺癌患者血清CA15-3、CA125、CEA的含量分别为78.75±51.28U/ml、55.49±23.65U/ml、30.17±12.15μG/L.阳性率分别为77.94%、38.23%、41.17%,敏感性和特异性分别为77.94%、95.63%、38.23%和89.57%、41.17%、70.51%.三项指标联合检测的敏感性和特异性为90.76%和84.12%.结论 CA15-3、CA125、CEA等肿瘤标志物联合检测能提高乳腺癌早期诊断的敏感性,同时又有较好的特异性,具有一定的临床应用价值.     

Regulatory mechanisms of C4b‐binding protein (C4BP)α and β expression in rat hepatocytes by lipopolysaccharide and interleukin‐6

Summary. Background: C4b‐binding protein (C4BP), a multimeric protein structurally composed of α chains (C4BPα) and a β chain (C4BPβ), regulates the anticoagulant activity of protein S (PS). Patients with sepsis have increased levels of plasma C4BP, which appears to be induced by interleukin (IL)‐6. However, it is not fully understood how lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and IL‐6 affect the plasma C4BP antigen level and C4BPα and C4BPβ expression in hepatocytes. Objectives: To assess the effect of LPS and IL‐6 on plasma C4BP, PS–C4BP complex levels, PS activity, and C4BP expression by rat liver in vivo and on C4BP expression by isolated rat hepatocytes in vitro. Results: Plasma C4BP antigen level transiently decreased from 2 to 12 h after LPS (2 mg kg^?1) injection, and then it abruptly increased up to 24 h after LPS injection. Plasma C4BP antigen level increased until 8 h after IL‐6 (10 μg kg^?1) injection, and then gradually decreased up to 24 h after IL‐6 injection. LPS significantly decreased the protein and mRNA expression of both C4BPα and C4BPβ in rat hepatocytes, and this effect was inhibited by NFκB and MEK/ERK inhibitors. IL‐6 mediated increase in C4BPβ expression in rat hepatocytes, which leads to increased plasma PS–C4BP complex level and to decreased plasma PS activity, was inhibited by inhibition of STAT‐3. Conclusion: LPS decreases both C4BPα and C4BPβ expression via the NFκB and MEK/ERK pathways, whereas IL‐6 specifically increases C4BPβ expression via the STAT‐3 pathway, causing an increase in plasma PS–C4BP complex, and thus decreasing the anticoagulant activity of PS.