斜S形皮下组织蒂皮瓣修复面部软组织缺损

目的　对颜面部各种病变组织切除后形成的软组织缺损 ,探索一种更为满意的修复方法。方法　在缺损区的邻近设计并制作一斜S形皮瓣 ,以皮下组织为蒂 ,斜形方向移位修复创面 ,供瓣区直接缝合。结果　临床应用46例 ,无术后并发症 ,随访 3～ 12个月 ,修复区平整 ,不改变外形 ,瘢痕几乎不显。结论　皮下组织蒂皮瓣修复颜面部软组织缺损 (直径在 2cm以内 )是一种值得选用的方法。     

Improved extraction torque of hydroxyapatite-coated pedicle screws

Loosening of the screws is a problem in instrumentation with pedicle screws. Coating with hydroxyapatite improves the holding characteristics for metal implants, but the possible effects on the anchorage of pedicle screws have not been described. In this study, seven patients were operated on with spinal instrumentation using four stainless steel pedicle screws. Hydroxyapatite-coated screws were used in either the upper or the lower of the instrumented levels. The insertion torque was measured. In four cases the screws were removed after 10–22 months and the extraction torque was measured. The mean insertion torque was found to be significantly greater in the hydroxyapatite-coated screws (107 Ncm) than in the standard screws (76 Ncm). In three cases, the extraction torque for the hydroxyapatite-coated screws exceeded the range for the torque wrench (600 Ncm), while the conventional screws were loose (< 5 Ncm). In one case, the extraction torque was 475 and 550 Ncm for the coated screws, and 5 and 25 Ncm for the conventional screws. The difference in extraction torque was significant. Hydroxyapatite coating was shown to have improved the purchase of pedicle screws very effectively. By using fully coated screws, as in the present study, extraction was extremely difficult compared to extraction of conventional stainless steel screws, which were regularly loose. By reducing the area of the screws that is coated, it may be possible to achieve an enhanced purchase while extraction will be easier when compared to fully coated screws. Received: 11 October 1999 Revised: 7 February 2000 Accepted: 8 May 2000     

不同布局空心螺钉治疗股骨颈骨折的生物力学差异

目的探讨在采用三枚空心加压螺钉治疗股骨颈骨折时,不同空间布局的螺钉固定后生物力学性能上的差异。方法采集24具尸体股骨标本,模拟股骨颈头下型骨折,随机分成4组,每组6个标本,用三枚空心加压螺钉以4种不同的三角形布局排列固定：（1）上三角形,上1枚,下2枚;（2）下三角形,上2枚,下1枚;（3）前三角形,上下2枚偏后,中间1枚偏前;（4）后三角形,上下2枚偏前,中间1枚偏后。测定并计算各组载荷下的应变值、股骨头位移、刚度、断面张开角,并进行扭转试验和极限力学性能的测定。结果三枚空心加压螺钉采用上2枚,下1枚的三角形布局排列时,生物力学稳定性相对较好。结论采用三枚空心加压螺钉以下三角形空间布局固定比其它布局形式固定更具有生物力学优势。     

Biomechanical Effects of Lateral Inclination C1 and C2 Pedicle Screws on Atlantoaxial Fixation

ObjectiveTo assess the biomechanical effect of lateral inclination C₁ and C₂ pedicle screws on the atlantoaxial fixation through vitro human cadaveric study.MethodsFrom January 2016 to December 2017, fresh‐frozen cadaveric cervical spines with intact ligaments from eight donated cadavers at an average age of 71.5 ± 10.6 years, comprising of six males and two females, were collected. There were no fracture and congenital malformation in all specimens according to the imaging examination. The range of motion (ROM) of the specimens were tested in their intact condition and destabilized condition. Next, the specimens were randomly divided into two groups to ensure no differences in sex and age: Group 1 was medial inclination C₁ pedicle screw and C₂ pedicle screws (C₁MPS‐C₂PS) and Group 2 was lateral inclination C₁ pedicle screw and C₂ pedicle screws (C₁LPS‐C₂PS). The ROM of the fixation scenarios were recorded. Thereafter, all the specimens with fixation constructs were tested for 1,000 cycles of axial rotation and tensile loading to failure was carried out collinearly to the longitudinal axis of all the screws, the data were documented as screw pullout strength (SPS) in newtons. All the recorded data subjected to quantitative analysis.ResultsThe ROM of specimens was increased significantly in destabilized condition and significantly reduced in fixation condition compared with intact condition. In C₁LPS‐C₂PS groups, the C₁‐C₂ cervical segment showed 3.96° ±1.21° and 3.75° ± 1.33° in flexion and extension direction, 2.85° ± 0.91° and 2.96° ± 0.71° in right and left lateral bending, 2.20° ± 0.43° and 2.15° ± 0.40° in right and left axial rotation. In C₁MPS‐C₂PS groups, it showed 4.24° ±1.31° and 3.98° ± 1.21° in flexion and extension direction, 2.76° ± 1.10° and 3.23° ± 0.62° in right and left lateral bending, 2.20° ± 0.46° and 2.21° ± 0.42° in right and left axial rotation. There was no statistically significant difference on ROM and screw pullout strengths (764.29 ± 129.00 N vs 714.55 ± 164.63 N) between the two groups. However, there was one specimen in the C₁MPS‐C₂PS group showing rupture the inferior wall of the left screw trajectory owing to the relatively thin posterior arch of the atlas, the screw pullout strength was significantly reduced (left pullout strength value: 430.5 N, right pullout strength value: 748.4 N). Therefore, in the case of the thin posterior arch of the atlas, the C₁LPS‐C₂PS group had strong long‐term biomechanics.ConclusionThe lateral inclination C₁ pedicle screw can achieve the same biomechanical strength as the traditional atlas pedicle screw. However, for the case where the posterior arch of the atlas is relatively thin, a lateral inclination C₁ pedicle screw is more suitable.     

A New Technique for Placement of Blocking Screws and its Mechanical Effect on Stability of Tibia Fractures with Distal Fragments after Insertion of Small‐Diameter Intramedullary Nails

ObjectiveTo design a novel blocking screws (BSs) geometry and insertion method to treat distal tibia fracture with nailing and comparison of mechanical properties of novel and traditional screws.MethodsTwenty‐one synthetic left tibiae were sectioned to obtain 21 distal segments measuring 55 mm. Intramedullary (IM) 9‐mm tibial nails were advanced to 6 mm from the ankle joint. Two transverse and one anterior–posterior (AP) locking screws were inserted. Both medial–lateral (ML) BSs were placed 10 mm from the topmost interlocking screw. A custom‐made jig assisted in placing the novel and traditional BSs. The time spent in placing each BS was recorded. All the samples were repaired with an IM nail and without BSs, with two traditional BSs, and with two novel BSs. An initial loading from −150 to +150 N was applied to specimens in the ML direction at 185 mm from the nail end, followed by cyclic loading of the same for 10,000 cycles with failure‐to‐test loading of 350 N in the ML direction. The maximum displacement was measured at 80 mm from the nail end and recorded under initial loading. The damage of two kinds of BSs to the nail was recorded.ResultsCompared with average 5.21 min of the time of placing a traditional BS, the time spent in positioning a novel BS on the fracture model was 2.53 min. In the distal bone–implant constructs (BICs), the addition of traditional BSs decreased the maximum displacement of the BICs by 26.2%. The addition of the novel BSs decreased the displacement by 28.9%. All constructs survived 10,000 cycles without hardware deformation. The failure rate of the control group was significantly greater than that of the traditional group; however, the novel group was similar to the traditional group. The damage of the traditional BS to the nail was greater than that of the novel one.ConclusionsThe novel and traditional BSs are comparably effective for increasing the primary mechanical stability of distal metaphyseal fractures after nailin. However, compared to the placement of a traditional BS, implanting a novel BS took more less time and caused less damage to the nail. Additionally, the most obvious advantage of the novel BS design and insertion technology was that the pressure and distance between it and the IM nail could be controlled by rotating the screw. These advantages of the novel BS will be beneficial for clinical application.     

Reduction of Radiation Exposure by Modifying Imaging Manner and Fluoroscopic Settings during Percutaneous Pedicle Screw Insertion

ObjectivePercutaneous pedicle screw (PPS) fixation is a needle based procedure that requires fluoroscopic image guidance. Consequently, radiation exposure is inevitable for patients, surgeons, and operation room staff. We hypothesize that reducing the production of radiation emission will result in reduced radiation exposure for everyone in the operation room. Research was performed to evaluate reduction of radiation exposure by modifying imaging manner and mode of radiation source. MethodsA total of 170 patients (680 screws) who underwent fusion surgery with PPS fixation from September 2019 to March 2020 were analyzed in this study. Personal dosimeters (Polimaster Ltd.) were worn at the collar outside a lead apron to measure radiation exposure. Patients were assigned to four groups based on imaging manner of fluoroscopy and radiation modification (pulse mode with reduced dose) : continuous use without radiation modification (group 1, n=34), intermittent use without radiation modification (group 2, n=54), continuous use with radiation modification (group 3, n=26), and intermittent use with radiation modification (group 4, n=56). Post hoc Tukey Honest significant difference test was used for individual comparisons of radiation exposure/screw and fluoroscopic time/screw. ResultsThe average radiation exposure/screw was 71.45±45.75 μSv/screw for group 1, 18.77±11.51 μSv/screw for group 2, 19.58±7.00 μSv/screw for group 3, and 4.26±2.89 μSv/screw for group 4. By changing imaging manner from continuous multiple shot to intermittent single shot, 73.7% radiation reduction was achieved in the no radiation modification groups (groups 1, 2), and 78.2% radiation reduction was achieved in the radiation modification groups (groups 3, 4). Radiation source modification from continuous mode with standard dose to pulse mode with reduced dose resulted in 72.6% radiation reduction in continuous imaging groups (groups 1, 3) and 77.3% radiation reduction in intermittent imaging groups (groups 2, 4). The average radiation exposure/screw was reduced 94.1% by changing imaging manner and modifying radiation source from continuous imaging with standard fluoroscopy setting (group 1) to intermittent imaging with modified fluoroscopy setting (group 4). A total of 680 screws were reviewed postoperatively, and 99.3% (675) were evaluated as pedicle breach grade 0 (<2 mm). ConclusionThe average radiation exposure/screw for a spinal surgeon can be reduced 94.1% by changing imaging manner and modifying radiation source from real-time imaging with standard dose to intermittent imaging with modified dose. These modifications can be instantly applied to any procedure using fluoroscopic guidance and may reduce the overall radiation exposure of spine surgeons.     

改良Dick钉固定治疗胸腰椎骨折(附25例报告)

目的　总结改良Dick钉固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床经验。方法　对椎体后缘移位轻的骨块 ,不需要减压 ,对椎体后缘骨块移位较重或有椎板粉碎骨折 ,则半椎板切除或全椎板切除 ,充分减压 ,在C型臂透视下 ,用改良Dick钉固定。结果　术后伤口 2周拆线 ,Ⅰ期愈合 ,均复位固定良好 ,随访 6个月～ 3年 ,瘫痪康复按ASIA分级 :完全瘫痪 4例中 ,2例无变化 ,1例恢复至B级 ,1例提高至C级 ;不全瘫痪中全部恢复至E级。结论　此手术操作简便 ,安装快捷 ,固定可靠 ,是治疗胸腰椎骨折的有效方法。     

阴道彩色多普勒超声诊断卵巢囊肿蒂扭转的临床研究

目的:探析阴道彩色多普勒超声诊断卵巢囊肿蒂扭转的临床价值。方法:选取2017年7月~2018年6月在某院接受治疗且经手术病理证实的70例卵巢囊肿蒂扭转患者作为主要研究对象,对所有患者进行回顾性分析。根据诊断方法不同将其分为对照组和观察组各35例,对照组采用经腹部彩色多普勒超声诊断,观察组采用经阴道彩色多普勒超声,比较两种诊断方法的准确率,并对影像学表现进行回顾性分析。结果:观察组的诊断准确率明显高于对照组,两组比较有显著差异(P<0.05);观察组的误诊率明显低于对照组,组间比较差异有统计学意义。结论:在卵巢囊肿蒂扭转的临床诊断上,采用经阴道彩色多普勒超声诊断可获得理想效果,具备较高的诊断准确率高,且误诊率低,可为疾病诊断提供科学依据,值得进一步推广应用。     

Fatigue Life of Austenitic Steel 304 Bolts Strengthened by Surface Treatment with Graphene Oxide Layer and Surface Shot Peening

This paper presents the results of investigations of the effect of graphene oxide and surface shot peening on the mechanical properties and fatigue life of bolts made of austenitic 304 steel. An innovative method for the uniform deposition of graphene oxide on screws is presented. The process involved activating the surface using plasma and then performing graphene oxide deposition using centrifugal force and vacuum drying. The screw specimens prepared in this way were subjected to a surface peening process. Comparative studies have shown that the combination of graphene oxide deposition and shot peening processes results in an increase in fatigue life of approximately 42 ÷ 275% (depending on the stress amplitude level) compared to the as-delivered samples. The results presented are promising and may provide a basis for further research on the application of graphene and its derivatives to increase fatigue life and improve the mechanical properties of machine components.     

高压氧吸排氧螺纹管细菌污染的调查分析及临床防治研究

目的对舱内设备的消毒方法和污染防治进行研究,预防医院内交叉感染的发生和蔓延.方法 选择100例病人,于高压氧治疗前做吸排氧装置管道内细菌培养,高压氧治疗1周后要再做螺纹管管道细菌培养,以后每周进行一次培养,患者中、后期连续两次获得同一细菌方确认为管道新的致病菌.结果 300份样本共检出12种细菌、291株,其中枯草杆菌为主,占28.2%,铜绿假单胞菌次之,致病性金黄色葡萄球菌占8.6%.结论 高压氧舱吸氧设备如果不严格执行消毒制度,就会造成患者之间交叉感染.建议在常规消毒的基础上,使用2%碱性戊二醛消毒液进行消毒.