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41.
Alpha2-HS glycoprotein phenotypes and quantitative hormone and bone measures in postmenopausal women
June E. Eichner Christopher A. Friedrich Jane A. Cauley Mohammad I. Kamboh James P. Gutai Lewis H. Kuller Robert E. Ferrell 《Calcified tissue international》1990,47(6):345-349
Summary It has been suggested that inherited traits play a role in the development of osteoporosis by providing a background for the
modulation of gene expression. In this study, we examine the influence of the different alleles of alpha2-HS glycoprotein (AHSG), a protein of the bone matrix, on quantitative estrogens, estrone and estradiol, and bone measures,
bone area and density. Estrogens provide a protective effect against fractures in older women and were thus included in the
analyses. Isoelectric focusing of AHSG from sera followed by immunoblotting was used to type 163 white post-menopausal women
participating in a clinical trial of the effects of walking on bone loss. Plasma hormones were measured by a combination of
extraction, column chromatography, and radioimmunoassay; bone measures on the dominant radius were determined with computerized
tomography. Analysis of variance was done on estrogen and bone measures after controlling for the effects of age and body
mass index. The two major alleles of AHSG result in three phenotypes, designated AHSG 1-1, AHSG 2-1, and AHSG 2-2. The AHSG
1-1 homozygote showed a decreased concentration of estradiol, the AHSG 2-2 homozygote showed an increased concentration, and
the AHSG 2-1 heterozygote was intermediate (P=0.001). Estrone demonstrated a similar pattern in residual analysis although it did not reach statistical significance. 相似文献
42.
Masatoshi Chiba Takashi Shigihara Seishi Echigo Teiichi Teshima 《Journal of bone and mineral metabolism》1990,8(3):24-29
Summary In this study, we examined histologically the effect of a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) derived from bovine tooth on the
periosteum. Supraperiosteal injection of crude BMP into femurs of Wistar rats (28 day old) resulted in periosteal cell proliferation
with subsequent bone and cartilage formation. Moreover, proliferating periosteal cells migrated into injected BMP, and formed
both cartilage and bone. These observations show that exogenous BMP stimulates mesenchymal cells of the periosteum to proliferate
and differentiate into osteoblasts, and therefore BMP may be one of factors which are involved in differentiation of osteoblasts
in the periosteum. 相似文献
43.
本文对我省56眼矿泉水的地理分布符合国家标准的情况及矿泉水水化学类型进行了统计分析,结果表明:56眼矿泉水基本遍布全省;其感官指标、污染物指标及微生物指标均符合国家标准;通过对限量指标分析,我省矿泉水属念锶或含偏硅酸或二者兼含;水化学分类以HCO3·Ca型居多,其次为HCO3-Ca·Na型。对影响卫生化学性能的决定因子进行相关分析表明:除Ca2+与Mg2+呈正相关外,K+与Na+及Sr与H2SiO3之间无相关性 相似文献
44.
Summary A study of the association between the rate of proliferation of marrow fibroblast-like stromal cells (in vitro) and the rate of endosteal bone mineralization (EsMR) (in vivo) was undertaken in an osteopenic rat model. We report than 200 g male rats treated with cortisone acetate (5 mg/day for 7
days) exhibit decreases in marrow fibroblast colony-forming units (FCFU) and tetracycline-based measurements of EsMR at the
level of the femoral midshaft. In cortisone-treated rats recovering for 1–3 weeks, the FCFU census and EsMR normalized during
the first posttreatment week, remained at control levels after 2–3 weeks, and exhibited a relapse in the third week which
signified only partial recovery. These changes were unrelated to patterns of body weight gain. The data indicate that the
FCFU census can serve to index endosteal osteoblast vigor. 相似文献
45.
Summary It is generally accepted that osteoclasts are responsible for the breakdown and removal of bone matrix constituents. However,
very little is known about the fate of osteocytes during bone resorption. In the present study we have examined sites of bone
destruction in calvaria of young rats aged 4–9 days in the hope of obtaining information on the fate of osteocytes. Decalcified
glutaraldehyde-formaldehyde-fixed specimens were prepared for ultrathin section electron microscopy. When sequentially arranged,
the images obtained suggest that osteoclasts engulf and destroy osteocytes during bone degradation. We propose that the following
sequence of events takes place when a lacuna is opened up by an osteoclast: (1) When the osteoclast comes in contact with
an osteocyte, the villi of the ruffled border become flat and broad. (2) Long osteoclastic extensions surround the osteocyte.
(3) The osteocyte is subsequently internalized with apparent degradation. 相似文献
46.
E. I. Barengolts M. Berman S. C. Kukreja T. Kouznetsova C. Lin E. V. Chomka 《Calcified tissue international》1998,62(3):209-213
Estrogen deficiency is a risk factor for osteoporosis and coronary artery disease. Osteoporosis can be evaluated by measuring
bone mineral density (BMD). Coronary atherosclerotic burden can be evaluated by measuring coronary calcium using electron
beam computed tomography (EBT) of the heart. We compared coronary calcium scores in 45 asymptomatic postmenopausal women with
normal and low BMD. BMD of the lumbar spine and proximal femur was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and coronary
calcium was measured quantitatively by EBT. Women were divided into control, osteopenia, and osteoporosis groups based on
the T score of the lumbar spine. Women were similar in age, years since menopause, height, weight, and body mass index (BMI).
BMD ± SD (g/cm2) of L1–L4 was 0.96 ± 0.11, 0.83 ± 0.03, and 0.73 ± 0.05, in control, osteopenia, and osteoporosis group, respectively. The
total coronary calcium score ± SD (relative units) was 41.9 ± 83.1, 115.1 ± 181.9, and 221.7 ± 355.4 for control, osteopenia,
and osteoporosis group, respectively; the score was significantly higher in the osteoporosis than in the control group. This
study provides initial data suggesting that women with osteoporosis may have a higher risk of developing coronary atherosclerosis. 相似文献
47.
小儿先天性髋关节脱位近年来应用术式的演变及其评估 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
本文介绍本院近4年来小儿先天性髋脱位治疗应用术式的演变。由20多年来一直喜欢用骨盆截骨术演变为近1年来用得最多的是造盖术。近4年共手术463例,565髋。实践证明:比起骨盆截骨术,造盖术显得更简便,侵袭小,不需二次手术拔除内固定针。因在我国大龄髋脱位偏多,造盖术更适合我国国情。经过一些改进,可以克服造盖折断和吸收问题。 相似文献
48.
P. Rokkanen O. Böstman E. Hirvensalo E. A. Mäkelä E. Partio H. Pätiälä S. Vainionpää K. Vihtonen P. Törmälä 《European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie》1992,2(2):107-110
Résumé L'utilisation de matériaux d'ostéosynthèse biodégradables a l'avantage d'éviter la réintervention pour extraire le matériel. Les biomatériaux de polymères polyglycolides ont été expérimentés sur plus de 3 600 animaux de laboratoire avant leur introduction en pratique clinique. Depuis 1984 nous les avons utilisés comme matériau d'ostéosynthèse dans près de 1 700 cas parmi lesquels 880 cas de fracture malléolaire, 226 cas d'ostéotomie en chevron pour hallux valgus, 65 cas de fracture de la tête radiale et 54 cas de fracture de l'olécrane. Parmi les 800 premiers cas traités par broches biodégradables nous avons obtenu des résultats favorables et sans incidents dans 91 pour cent des cas. Il y eut 7 cas de fixation défaillante nécessitant une réintervention. Il y a eu 7 cas d'infection superficielle et 3 cas d'infection profonde. Nous avons observé la formation d'une collection séreuse sous-cutanée sans influence sur le résultat radiologique ou clinique dans 52 cas (6,5 %). Au vue de ces résultats et compte tenu des avantages économiques et psychologiques des matériaux biodégradables (pas de réintervention), on peut penser que l'usage de biomatériaux rivalise favorablement avec l'usage de matériaux conventionnels dans certains types d'ostéosynthèse.
Utilization of biodegradable implants in the surgical treatment of fractures and osteotomies
Summary The utilization of biodegradable implants instead of metals in orthopaedic surgery abolishes the need to remove the fixation material. For this study biodegradable rods and screws of self-reinforced polyglycolide, polylactide and lactide-glycolide copolymer were developed and manufactured. The clinical introduction of these implants was preceded by thorough experimental studies with 3 600 animals. From November 1984 the developed biodegradable method of osteofixation was used in 1 700 operations. These included 880 displaced malleolar fractures, 226 chevron-osteotomy for hallux valgus, 65 displaced fracture of the radial head, 54 displaced frature of the olecranon and other fresh fractures or orthopaedic operations. In the first 800 cases operated on using self-reinforced polyglycolide rods the postoperative course was uneventful (91%). Because of failure in the fixation reoperation was needed in 7 cases. A superficial wound infection was observed in 7 cases, deep infection in 3 and transient fluid accumulation in 52 cases (6,5%). Fluid accumulation did not influence the radiological or clinical end-result. The advantages of biodegradable fixation are many-sided. There is a costbenefit and clinical capacity is free for other use, and psychological advantages must be emphasised because removal of implants is not needed. The over all results of this study were considered favourable.相似文献
49.
Fast and slow twitch muscle fibers have distinct contractile properties. Here we determined that membrane excitability also varies with fiber type. Na+ currents (INA) were studied with the loose-patch voltage clamp technique on 29 histochemically classified human intercostal skeletal muscle fibers at the endplate border and <200 μm from the endplate (extrajunctional). Fast and slow twitch fibers showed slow inactivation of endplate border and extrajunctional INA and had increased INA at the endplate border compared to extrajunctional membrane. The voltage dependencies of INA were similar on the endplate border and extrajunctional membrane, which suggests thatboth regions have physiclogically similar channels. Fast twitch fibers had larger INA on the endplate border and extrajunctional membrane and manifest fast and slow inactivation of INA at more negative potentials than slow twitch fibers. For normal muscle, the differences between INA on fast and slow twitch fibers might: (1) enable fast twitch fibers to operate at high firing frequencies for brief periods; and (2) enable slow twitch fibers to operate at low firing frequencies for prolonged times. Disorders of skeletal membrane excitability, such as the periodic paralyses and myotonias, may impact fast and slow twitch fibers differently due to the distinctive Na+ channel properties of each fiber type. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
50.
Clanton C. Shipp Paul S. Berger Manya S. Deehr Bess Dawson-Hughes M.D. 《Calcified tissue international》1988,42(5):287-292
Summary Precision of dual-photon absorptiometry (DPA) measurements was determined in a lumbar spine phantom and in humans. Approximately
half of the measurements were made before and half after a153gadolinium source change. The phantom was measured with different amounts of acrylic, which simulates human soft tissue, in
order to evaluate the influence of body thickness on bone mineral density (BMD). Results of scans analyzed with two software
versions from Lunar Radiation Corp., the widely used 08B and a prototype 08C, are compared. DPA with a cold source significantly
overestimated BMD in the phantom in the presence of large amounts (more than 25 cm) of soft tissue equivalent with version
08B but not with the newer version 08C. Similiarly, in nine subjects, there was a significant decrease in spine BMD after
a source change when scans were analyzed with version 08B (mean difference 0.026 g/cm2,P=0.002) but not with 08C (0.01 g/cm2,P=0.234). No systematic effect of source change on femoral BMD measurements was observed. The SD of the mean difference of
two measurements of the nine subjects was 0.019 g/cm2 (1.6% of the mean value) for the spine with software version 08B and 0.024 g/cm2 (2.0%) with version 08C, 0.03 g/cm2 (3.3%) for the femur neck, 0.03 g/cm2 (4.0%) for the greater trochanter, and 0.04 g/cm2 (4.9%) for Ward's triangle region of the proximal femur. The spine phanton was scanned on two other commercial bone densitometers
in order to assess inter-instrument variation. Phantom measurements of L2-4 BMD made on two Lunar Radiation Corp model DP3
scanners which differed by 2% were 10 and 12% higher than those with a Norland Corp. model 2600 scanner. 相似文献