High‐Density Dependence But Low Impact on Selected Reproduction Parameters of Brucella suis Biovar 2 in Wild Boar Hunting Estates from South‐Western Spain

Porcine brucellosis is a disease caused by Brucella suis, which is characterized by reproductive disorders in pigs. The number of cases of swine brucellosis has risen in many European countries, likely because of the presence of a wild reservoir of B. suis in wild boar. This study aimed at evaluating factors that may influence the probability of infection with Brucella spp. in wild boar and at assessing the impact of a previous contact with Brucella spp. on reproductive parameters of wild boar. Two hundred and four wild boar living in Extremadura (south‐western Spain) were studied. The presence of anti‐Brucella antibodies was determined using an indirect ELISA, while the presence of living bacteria in genital organs was evaluated through microbiological cultures. Sex, age, density of wild boar in summer and presence of outdoor pigs were selected as possible risk factors for being seropositive for Brucella spp. in wild boar. In addition, reproductive parameters such as breeding status or potential fertility in females and testis weight in males were estimated and related to the presence of anti‐Brucella antibodies. A total of 121 animals were seropositive, resulting in a prevalence of 59.3% (95% CI). In addition, seven isolates of B. suis biovar 2 were obtained. Wild boar density in summer, as well as age and sex, was proposed as factors to explain the probability of Brucella seroconversion, although wild boar density in summer was the key factor. Current measures of reproductive parameters were not influenced by a previous contact with Brucella spp. Isolation of B. suis confirms that wild boar could represent a risk to domestic pig health in the study area. Wild boar density seems to have a great influence in the probability of infections with B. suis and suggests that density management could be useful to control Brucella infection in wild boar.     

Unraveling Brucella genomics and pathogenesis in immunocompromised IRF-1-/- mice

PROBLEM: Brucellosis causes abortion in domestic animals and Malta fever in humans. Comparison of Brucella species genomes may reveal potential virulence mechanisms. Engineering bioluminescent Brucella would permit monitoring bacterial dissemination. METHOD OF STUDY: Microarray of the B. melitensis genome allowed comparison of gene content from six Brucella species. Bioluminescent B. melitensis strains were developed using transposon mutagenesis permitting the study of pathogenic Brucella in mice. Monitoring bacterial dissemination as well as organ localization permits evaluating the role of genes and genomic islands in mutant bacteria. RESULTS: Comparative genomic analysis revealed 217 ORFs altered in five Brucella species and were often found in islands. Bioluminescent bacteria disseminated from the injection site to liver, spleen, inguinal lymph nodes, testes and submanibular region. CONCLUSIONS: Genomic islands contribute to Brucella pathogenicity. Biophotonic imaging suggests that Brucella dissemination in mice parallels acute and chronic infections of humans.     

Interleukin-10 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to brucellosis in Iranian patients

Background: Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a Th2-type cytokine that inhibits macrophage activation. It is known that production of IL-10 is affected by its gene promoter polymorphisms. Objective: To investigate the relationship between IL-10 gene promoter polymorphisms and susceptibility to brucellosis. Methods: One hundred and ninety patients with brucellosis and 81 healthy animal husbandmen who owned infected animals and consumed their contaminated dairy products were included in this study. All individuals were genotyped for three bi-allelic IL-10 gene promoter polymorphisms at positions -1082(G/A), -819(T/C), and -592(A/C) using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results: The distribution of C alleles at positions -592 and -819 of IL-10 were significantly higher in patients than in the healthy animal husbandmen (p=0.034 and p=0.0086, respectively). IL-10 ATA single and double haplotypes were significantly higher in controls, compared to the patients (p= 0.0278 and p=0.013, respectively). Conclusion: According to the results higher frequency of C alleles at positions -592 and -819 of IL-10 in patients may be considered as genetic factors for susceptibility to brucellosis.     

1例布鲁氏菌感染性腹主动脉假性动脉瘤患者的围手术期护理

总结1例布鲁氏菌感染性腹主动脉假性动脉瘤患者的围术期护理经验。护理要点:做好传染病患者的隔离防护管理和心理建设;手术前控制血压、疼痛和体温,卧床期间做好预防血栓指导;术后严格控制血压和腹内压,做好引流管护理,根据疾病特点做好腹壁疝、下肢动脉栓塞的观察护理和预防布鲁氏杆菌病复发指导。经过40 d精心治疗和护理,患者康复出院。微信、电话随访1年,患者恢复良好。     

二尖瓣成形术后布鲁氏杆菌感染1例

布鲁氏杆菌病是一种人畜共患传染病,临床表现症状多种多样,多有发热、多汗、关节疼痛,肝、脾、淋巴结肿大等,本文通过对1例二尖瓣成形术后布鲁氏杆菌感染病例进行分析,提高对布鲁氏杆菌的实验室认识,提高诊断水平,做到及时确诊,规范治疗。     

Brucella canis in Commercial Dog Breeding Kennels,Ontario, Canada

We evaluated the prevalence of Brucella canis seropositivity in a convenience sample of dogs from commercial breeding kennels in Ontario, Canada. Overall, 127/1,080 (11.8%) dogs from 23/63 (37%) kennels were seropositive. The prevalence of positive dogs within kennels with >1 positive dog ranged from 3.9% to 100% (median 33%).     

猪种布鲁氏菌生物1型野毒株和2号菌苗的鉴别诊断

目的寻找猪种布鲁氏菌生物1型野毒株（1330S）和猪种布鲁氏菌2号菌株（S2）的鉴别诊断方法。方法采用牛、羊、绵羊、猪种型聚合酶链反应（AMOS—PCR）、脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）和多位点可变数量串联重复序列（MLVA）3种方法对21株1330S菌株进行鉴别？结果AMOS—PCR和PFGE方法未能区分两类菌株;MLVA方法发现1330S和S2菌株在Bru9和Bru16两位点存在差异。结论MLVA方法可以作为两类菌株鉴别诊断的方法之一。     

布鲁菌利福霉素耐药与rpoB基因突变的相关性研究

目的采用现代分子生物学技术,应用MSW理论观测布鲁菌耐药问题,探讨布鲁菌在利福霉素选择压力下出现的突变特征。方法富集10^10cfu／mL布鲁菌,采用琼脂稀释法测定利福平和利福布丁对布鲁菌的最低抑菌浓度及防突变浓度。PCR扩增不同药物浓度筛选出的耐药突变株的rpoB基因并测序。结果利福平和利福布丁对布鲁菌的防突变浓度分别为460mg／L和512mg／L,细菌耐药选择指数为115和728。筛选出的耐药突变株中均检测出rpoB基因突变。结论调整药物剂量可防止对利福霉素耐药的布鲁菌突变株的富集。布鲁菌的利福霉素耐药株中H536Y突变体最为稳定。