指背腱膜的解剖学研究

目的 探讨指背腱膜的构成特点及临床意义。方法 在30只成人尸体手标本上，通过模拟手术，对指背腱膜的构成特点进行了应用解剖学观测。结果 指背腱膜的构成复杂，其中的外侧腱束、外侧束、外侧腱和中央束在手指畸形的发生中有着特殊的临床意义。外侧腱束主要形成伸近节指间关节的功能解剖机制；其与外侧束形成的密切纤维联系而具有协同外侧腱的功能；该腱束与屈肌腱鞘有联系又使其具有平衡屈肌和伸肌肌力的作用。中央束在指背腱膜的整体协调、畸形的发生及矫正过程中起着重要的功能。结论 通过对指背腱膜的解剖研究，可以解释因指屈、伸肌腱平衡被破坏后所形成的畸形。     

海绵窦上段动眼神经的应用解剖研究

目的：探讨海绵窦上段动眼神经的应用解剖并讨论其临床意义。方法：经血管灌注后观测10例尸颅的海绵窦上段动眼神经及其毗邻与血供。结果：海绵窦上段动眼神经与海绵窦上段背侧紧邻海马钩回，内侧与视交叉、后交通动脉毗邻，外上与脉络膜前动脉相邻，腹侧紧贴鞍背突。海绵窦上段动眼神经80％未见神经外营养血管，可见20％后交通动脉发出1～2根分支进入神经。结论：海绵窦上段动眼神经毗邻结构复杂，滋养血管细小；在海绵窦上缘手术时，应特别注意辨认和保护动眼神经。     

Mammaplasty: Shape,volume, and scar size

Recently many mammaplasty techniques have been presented with special attention paid to the resulting scar's size and its position. The surgeon should try to hid the scar, and if the inverted T incision is used, its horizontal branch should be as short as possible and kept in the breast area. Neverthelss, excessive concern about the final scar size should not interfere with the final results of the mammaplasty as far as shape, volume and lasting results are concerned. The author presents his experience in mammaplasty with respect to the volume, the shape, and the scar size interrelationships.     

经结膜下穹隆至上颌窦插管术治疗泪道阻塞的临床研究

采用经结膜囊下穹隆至上颌窦插管的术式引流泪液，治疗泪道阻塞引起的溢泪症，获得较为满意的效果。手术的主要步骤是：局麻后于结膜囊下穹隆内1／3区作一4mm长的结膜切口，自筋膜下分离至眶线下5mm。从切口伸入上颌窦骨钻钻通上颌窦顶壁，插入长短适度的义管，并向管内注入生理盐水，证实有液体流入鼻咽部后，固定义管。术后定期冲洗，无需拆线，应用这种术式治疗泪道阻塞引起的溢泪症218眼，其中溢泪完全消失151眼占82．1％，溢泪减轻的27眼占14．6％，总效率96．7％。     

损伤性肝外胆管狭窄45例临床分析

目的：分析损伤性肝外胆管狭窄发生的原因和损伤后狭窄的修复术式选择。方法：损伤性肝外胆管狭窄45例，诊断方法以B超，PTC、ERCP为主，全组分别行胆管空肠吻合术，胆管十二指肠吻合术，肝门胆管整形术等手术治疗。结果：随访36例，末次手术行胆管空肠吻合术33例，优良87.9%。结论：可见性损伤和隐性损伤所致的瘢痕收缩是胆道狭窄的主要原因，损伤性肝外胆管狭窄的治疗方法以胆管空肠Y形吻合术较为理想。     

射精管异位开口于苗勒管囊肿

报告２例射精管异位开口于苗勒管囊肿。均以血精、血尿就诊，通过经皮输精管穿刺造影及染色尿道镜检查确诊。经抗炎及窥视下纵行剪开苗勒管囊肿前壁。１例治愈，１例好转。对本病的病因、临床表现、诊断、治疗及预后进行了讨论。     

BILIARY HYPERPRESSURE IN RAT EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS ALTERS HORSERADISH PEROXIDASE BILIARY EXCRETION

1. The authors investigated the effect of two extrahepatic cholestasis models (one by bile duct ligation and the other by choledocho-jugular fistula) on the hepatic clearance of horseradish peroxidase in male Sprague-Dawley rats divided into four groups. 2. In groups A (n = 5 rats) and B (n = 5), bile duct ligation was performed, while a choledocho-jugular fistula was created in groups C (n = 5) and D (n= 7). A 10 mg intravenous bolus of horseradish peroxidase was injected after 24 h (groups A and C), 48 h (groups B and D) or 1 h (Group E; five sham-operated rats). Serum and bile samples were then serially collected for 2 h. 3. In all groups, serum horseradish peroxidase levels increased soon after injection and then rapidly decreased, the curves being similar. Biliary excretion increased for 30 min and then slowly decreased. The highest horseradish peroxidase biliary concentrations and outputs were found in Group B followed by Group A; both groups had significantly higher levels than Group E. No difference was found between horseradish peroxidase biliary excretion of groups C and D and that of sham-operated rats. 4. When each group was considered separately, sampling times correlated with the corresponding ratios of bile/ plasma HRP. Significant differences were found between the relative slopes of groups A, B and E, but not between those of groups C, D and E. 5. In conclusion, bile duct obstruction greatly affects the plasma-bile transfer of fluid phase markers, such as horseradish peroxidase, while single retention, caused by choledocho-jugular fistula, has no influence. The increased biliary hyperpressure related to the duration of cholestasis may account for the degree of horseradish peroxidase transfer which, in turn, probably depends on an enhanced paracellular passage.     

共同管综合征———胆、胰管异常汇合

对我院14年来2322例直接胆管造影所发现的27例AJPBD进行研究，27例中胆总管囊肿8例，胆石症9例，慢性胰腺炎4例，胆管炎3例，胆囊癌2例，胰体癌1例。临床表现为上腹痛（92．6％），黄疸（70．4％），发热（48．1％）或Charcot三联症（44.4％）。发病年龄3～60岁（36．9士17．8）。共同管长15～44mm（20.2士5．9）。据胆、胰管汇合形式作者将AJPBD分为三型。值得注意的是本组3例复杂型患病年龄均＜15岁。本组以胆、肠内引流手术效果满意。AJPBD与胆、胰疾病发生、发展密切相关，作者建议用“共同管综合征”来表述这一复杂病理现象。