臂丛神经损伤的磁刺激运动诱发电位

对12例臂丛神经损伤患者进行了磁刺激运动诱发电位(MEP)的测定,并与同时进行的肌电图(EMG)、神经传导速度(NCV)进行了比较,结果发现MEP的阳性率与EMG近似,对臂丛神经损伤的定位及鉴别诊断有意义。     

Morphogenesis of the primary arterial trunks of the forelimb in the rat embryos: the trunks originate from the lateral surface of the dorsal aorta independently of the intersegmental arteries

It has been believed that the primary arterial trunk of the mammalian forelimb is derived from the 7th intersegmental artery. Here we examined the early morphogenesis of the arteries and nerves in the forelimb region by adopting a method that combined intravascular dye-injection with nerve staining to whole mounted rat embryos. The study was carried out on greater numbers of specimens at smaller intervals of embryonic stages and from earlier stages than those in previous reports. We report that: (1) The multiple primary arterial trunks in the forelimb region (primary subclavians) originate directly from the lateral surface of the dorsal aorta independently of the intersegmental arteries, previous to the formation of limb buds. (2) The tips of the 8th (and the 9th) primary subclavians that originate from the aorta near the origin of the 8th (or the 9th) intersegmental artery bend cranially and/or caudally. With the formation of limb bud, they extend to form the longitudinal trunks in the presumptive axillary region. The primary arteries in the free arm region branch off from this longitudinal trunk, and one of them develops into the axial artery. (3) The origins of the primary subclavians shift their positions on the surface of the dorsal aorta and approach the origins of the neighboring intersegmental arteries to join them, and then replace the latter. Consequently, the primary subclavians appear to be ”the lateral branches of the in tersegmental arteries.” (4) The 8th primary subclavian is dominant at first, but is replaced by the 7th primary subclavian, which develops into the definitive subclavian artery. (5) With the brachial nerve plexus formation, the axillary arterial plexus derived from the longitudinal trunk develops to form two stems of the axillary artery. Accepted: 15 April 1999     

Acute optic neuritis: a virological study in relation to multiple sclerosis.

Previous ultrastructural examination of peripheral blood lymphocytes revealed the presence of intranuclear filamentous structures in multiple sclerosis (MS) and in some optic neuritis (ON) patients. The present investigation was undertaken in the attempt to correlate the presence of such structures with the etiology of ON and MS and possibly to demonstrate the viral origin of the filaments. Suitable virological and serological techniques were used to detect and isolate infectious agents from peripheral blood samples and body excretions of 12 monosymptomatic ON patients at their first acute attack. Nevertheless, any efforts to demonstrate the presence of a virus in these patients have been unsuccessful: no evidence of active viral infection was obtained by serological studies of serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples, nor could viral antigens or inclusions be observed by immunofluorescence and cytochemical analysis. Negative results were also obtained from studies performed in parallel on MS patients and various controls. The significance of the failure to isolate infectious agents from either ON and MS patients is discussed.     

臂丛根性撕脱伤后神经根回植术的大鼠动物模型

目的：建立合理的臂丛根性撕脱伤后神经根回植术的大鼠动物模型。方法：在手术显微镜下，采用前入路，将C6神经根从脊髓上撕脱，咬除同侧C5椎体下外部分，显露脊髓；切断肌皮神经，切取长约30mm尺神经桥接肌皮神经与脊髓间的缺损，并将神经近端植入脊髓。术后观察手术侧前后肢的一般情况；6个月后，观察神经的解剖与组织学的连续性。结果：大鼠存活良好，手术侧前肢无坏死、溃疡、脱落，后肢无瘫痪；从脊髓到肱二头肌，神经的连续性完整；组织学检查见桥接神经段内有神经纤维再生。结论：该模型显露脊髓和切取桥接用神经方便，再植位置准确，便于直接观察神经根再植后神经再生及功能恢复情况，无明显的脊髓损伤并发症，较好模拟了臂丛根性撕脱伤后神经前根的回植。     

臂内侧入路臂丛阻滞麻醉的解剖学基础

目的：为臂内侧入路臂丛阻滞麻醉提供解剖学基础。方法：①尸体解剖观测臂内侧血管神经鞘；②模拟注射造影剂后X线造影和CT扫描观察造影剂扩散范围；③选择合适病例临床应用。结果：①臂内侧血管神经鞘与腋鞘相通；②臂内侧血管神经鞘注射有色液体后，鞘内各主要神经干均被染色；③造影剂可以于臂内侧鞘内向上、向下扩散；④临床应用225例，成功211例，成功率93．8％。结论：臂内侧人路臂丛阻滞麻醉具有操作简便，成功率高，无严重并发症的优点，特别适用于前臂及手部手术麻醉。     

舌粘膜及粘膜下血管网的构筑及其临床意义

本研究应用手术显微镜和扫描电镜观察了人舌粘膜的微血管构筑。舌深动脉长支和舌背动脉终支在舌粘膜下形成一完整的致密动脉网,跨越界沟和舌正中线,成为一整体。由动脉网发出微动脉支进入舌粘膜内,形成粘膜内的毛细血管网和各种乳头毛细血管丛。另外,还讨论了舌粘膜下馓血管构筑和舌瓣设计与临床舌诊的关系。     

胎儿食管肌间神经丛胆碱能神经元的定位定量研究

用引产后死亡的正常胎儿（３２￣４０周，１５个）食管，将其分颈部，胸部上、中、下，腹部食管５部分。对各部位食管肌间神经丛内胆碱能神经元，进行光镜（ｃｈＡＴ、ＡＣｈＥ）和电镜（ＡｃｈＥ）酶组织化学定位、定量观察。结果表明，胆碱能神经元的分布及细胞内酶含量，在食管各部位不同，ＡＣｈＥ在电镜下定位于粗面内质网。这一研究结果，不仅将使食管胆碱能神经支配及其生理功能等基础理论知识，得到进一步阐明、丰富和发展；     

选择性破坏胰岛A细胞的大鼠空肠肌间神经丛胆碱能末梢VAChT的定量研究

目的　探讨胰岛A细胞与肠胆碱能神经的关系。方法　采用免疫组化SP方法检测硝酸钴选择性破坏胰岛A细胞的大鼠空肠肌间神经丛胆碱能末梢VAChT阳性反应物的变化 (注钴后 1,2 ,3,4,6 ,10d) ,并进行显微图象定量分析。结果　注钴后 2d开始 ,VAChT阳性反应物显著减少 (P <0 0 5 ) ;尤以 3,4d后最为显著 (P <0 0 1) ,10天后恢复。结论　胰岛A细胞可能参与肠胆碱能神经的功能调节     

豚鼠肠粘膜下神经丛淋巴管旁神经元的烯醇化酶免疫组织化学观察

作者曾报道豚鼠肠粘膜下神经丛内,可能有一种特殊类型的淋巴管旁神经元。为了对上述的研究提供进一步的证据,本文应用显示神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)的免疫组织化学方法,对这种类型的神经元进行了观察。胃肠神经丛内所有的神经元都呈NSE阳性反应,小肠和结肠粘膜下丛内的淋巴管旁神经元,也显同样的阳性反应。平滑肌和结缔组织细胞均为阴性。大多数淋巴管旁神经元具有典型的神经元形态特征;有些细胞虽不具有明显的神经元形态特点,但它们都显相同的NSE阳性反应。本文为我们前文报道的淋巴管旁神经元提供了更可信的证据。     

Noradrenergic terminal excitability: effects of opioids

The local infusion of morphine or D-Ala2, Met5-enkephalinamide into the frontal cortical terminal fields of noradrenergic neurons of the nucleus locus coeruleus resulted in a decrease in the excitability of the axon terminal regions to direct electrical stimulation. These effects were concentration dependent and could be blocked or partially reversed by the local infusion of naloxone. Some evidence was obtained for a differential antagonizing effect of naloxone upon the effects of morphine and D-Ala2, Met5-enkephalinamide. These results are discussed with respect to an effect of opioids on the polarization and/or ionic conductance of the terminal fields of locus coeruleus neurons, and to the possible regulation of neurotransmitter release by presynaptic opiate receptors.