臂丛神经根性损伤膈神经移位术对青壮年患者早期呼吸功能的影响

目的研究臂丛神经损伤膈神经移位术对青壮年患者早期呼吸功能的影响.方法对16例接受膈神经移位治疗的患者,在术前、术后（10 d）进行肺功能指标的比较,同时定期进行门诊随访,观察呼吸系统自觉症状程度.结果13例术后出现了不同程度的供氧不足症状,16例全部出现一侧膈肌抬高,术后第10天肺活量（VC）、肺活量预计值百分数（VC%）分别比术前减少37.98%和26.88%,两者差异有统计学意义（tvc=11.532、tvc%=0,P＜0.01）.其它项目如残气量（RV）较术前轻度下降,肺总量（TLC）下降值达到术前肺总量的36.49%,残气量/肺总量比值（RV/TLC%）较术前上升了4.75%,上述各指标的差值均有统计学意义.1 s用力呼气量/用力肺活量比值（FEV1/FVC）和术前比基本无改变,但其差值有统计学意义.膈神经移位右侧（10例）与左侧（6例）术前、术后肺活量比较差异有统计学意义.术后随访8个月～2年,所有患者均无明显呼吸困难和胸闷等症状.结论膈神经移位术后对青壮年患者肺容量有较大的丧失,肺通气功能减弱和小气道阻力增加,但其丧失程度在机体自身代偿耐受范围内,不会导致急剧发生的严重呼吸功能障碍.建议对右侧臂丛神经根性损伤的患者,术前进行严格的肺、心功能检查,避免发生较为严重的并发症.     

选择性上肢神经阻滞和静脉局部麻醉的进展

临床实践中，尽管臂丛神经阻滞可采用多种人路以满足上肢区域麻醉的需要，但有时仍需应用一些不常见的技术，如选择性上肢神经阻滞和静脉局部麻醉（IVRA），来阻滞非源自臂丛的神经或弥补臂丛神经阻滞不全。     

Monocular contribution to the peak time of the binocular pattern visual evoked potential

The contribution of each monocular pathway to the timing of the binocular pattern visual evoked potential was assessed in situations where a significant interocular timing discrepancy was observed. Monocular and binocular pattern visual evoked potentials to 0.5° checks were recorded from normal subjects, normal subjects in whom one eye was blurred, patients with monocular amblyopia, and patients with resolved unilateral optic neuritis. Normal subjects showed facilitation, while suppression was evidenced in subjects with monocular blurring. In patients with amblyopia, the affected pathway had no effect on binocular pattern visual evoked potential latency, suggesting that the amblyopic eye was suppressed. In contrast, all patients with optic neuritis showed binocular averaging. Our results show that different forms of binocular interaction are evidenced in normal subjects, in amblyopia and in optic neuritis, and suggest that a comparative analysis of monocular and binocular pattern visual evoked potential peak times brings valuable information to the clinical evaluation that could be used to distinguish disease processes further.Abbreviation BPVEP binocular pattern visual evoked potential     

乳癌根治术后并发臂丛神经损伤

乳癌根治术是治疗乳腺癌的主要手段,但并发臂丛神经损伤的报道却很少,总结从1989年10月～1991年2月华山医院诊治的9例,3例门诊治疗,6例住院治疗。其中5例行神经松解后,皮瓣或肌皮瓣转移覆盖神经瘢痕区。随访到8例,疼痛改善3例,感觉和运动改善2例,疗效不理想,认为寻找预防措施是减少乳癌根治术后臂丛损伤的根本办法。     

动态MRI对臂丛根性损伤和颈髓损伤的鉴别诊断意义

目的探讨动态MRI诊断臂丛神经根性损伤的影像学表现及其诊断价值，以及在与颈髓损伤的鉴别诊断中的临床意义。方法对8例臂丛神经根性损伤患者行动态MRI检查，结合CT薄层扫描和肌电图随访；所有8例患者均手术证实为臂丛根性损伤。结果本组患者在伤后早期1～2d内均无位于椎间孔及椎间孔外的创伤性脊膜囊肿、神经根断裂等支持臂丛根性损伤的MRI异常表现；4例患者有颈椎骨折或颈髓损伤的MRI表现。伤后7～15d（平均10d）后，再次行颈椎MRI检查，出现典型的MRI臂丛根性损伤表现：椎间孔及椎孔外臂丛神经走行处T2WI高信号的创伤性脊膜囊肿、脊髓移位和神经根缺失及走行异常等。结论动态MRI检查对臂丛根性神经损伤具有损伤节段定位准确、椎管外部分同样能够显示、无创、操作简单、准确性高等特点；其短期内特征性的动态变化易于诊断臂丛根性损伤，同时又能与颈髓损伤相鉴别。     

双针会师法腹腔丛阻滞对顽固性上腹部癌痛患者的镇痛作用

晚期癌痛患者17例，男9例，女8例，年龄46—85岁，体重38—63kg，VASⅢ或Ⅳ级。CT引导下经T12-L1椎间隙左、右穿刺，针尖分别抵达膈脚外腹主动脉旁及膈脚内。分别注入含造影剂（30％碘海醇注射液1ml）的1％利多卡因8ml，CT示所注药液有会师趋势或已会师包绕腹主动脉后，左、右分别注入无水酒精20、15ml，再次CT观察酒精扩散情况，以视觉模拟评分（VAS）及改良生活质量（QOL）评分评价镇痛效果。会师包绕腹主动脉的11例患者中8例（73％）镇痛效果满意至去世；另6例酒精在腹主动脉周围被转移的淋巴结分割呈斑点、斑片状，其中3例（50％）完全无痛。与腹腔丛阻滞（NCPB）前相比，NCPB后各时点的VAS评分下降，QOL评分升高（P〈0．01）。双针会师法腹腔丛阻滞可使所注无水酒精在腹腔丛恰当分布，对顽固性上腹部癌痛患者有较好的镇痛效果。     

Effect of the stable thromboxane derivative, carbocyclic thromboxane A2, on membrane potential of rat myenteric neurones in culture

The effects of carbocyclic thromboxane A(2) (cTXA(2); 10(-6) mol L(-1)) on membrane potential and cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration were measured with the whole-cell patch-clamp or the fura-2 method, respectively, at rat myenteric ganglia. cTXA(2) caused a hyperpolarization of myenteric neurones from -19.3 +/- 2.5 to -29.3 +/- 2.3 mV. In addition, the eicosanoid potentiated the carbachol-induced depolarization from 4.2 +/- 1.0 mV under control conditions to 11.1 +/- 1.1 mV in the presence of the cTXA(2) (n = 9). The hyperpolarization was abolished by internal application of CsCl (140 mmol L(-1)), a non-selective blocker of K(+) channels, or EGTA (11 mmol L(-1)in the pipette solution), a chelator of intracellular Ca(2+). A similar inhibition was observed in the presence of charybdotoxin (10(-7) mol L(-1)). Fura-2 imaging experiments revealed a cTXA(2)-evoked increase in the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration as indicated by a rise in the fura-2 ratio signal. This response was mediated by a release of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores as sarcoplasmic-endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase blockade with cyclopiazonic acid (5 x 10(-5) mol L(-1)) completely abolished the response to cTXA(2). A similar inhibition was observed after blockade of phospholipase C with U-73122 (10(-5) mol L(-1)). These results suggest an activation of Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels by cTXA(2) after stimulation of phospholipase C.     

臂丛神经鞘瘤的MRI诊断

目的 探讨磁共振成像（magnetic resonance imaging，MRI）在臂丛神经鞘瘤诊断中的应用价值。方法 分析36例经手术和病理证实的臂丛神经鞘瘤术前MRI表现。观察内容包括病变部位、肿块大小、边界、信号、强化特征及范围。结果 MRI能清晰显示臂丛神经的根、干及分支，表现为线状低信号影。36例臂丛神经鞘瘤平均直径为4．9cm，均表现为沿臂丛神经根生长的肿块，其中30例表现为边界清楚的纺锤形或长圆形肿块。MRI显示．16例表现为均匀的T1WI低或等信号（与肌肉相比），T2WI高信号，增强后中等度强化；20例T1WI呈低信号，T2WI呈不均匀高信号，内见低信号区，所谓的“靶征”，增强后明显强化。结论 臂丛神经鞘瘤具有特征性的发生部位、形态学表现及MRI信号特点，对本病能提供准确的诊断依据。     

肱动脉血流动力学和掌温检测在胸交感神经干切断术中的临床意义

目的探讨超声检测肱动脉血流动力学变化和手掌测温在胸交感神经干切断术治疗手汗症的应用价值。方法对150例手汗症病人分别于胸交感神经干切断术前与术后测量手掌皮温,并对其中33例行双侧肱动脉超声血流动力学指标检测。结果全组术后平均掌温升高(2·8±1·0)℃,其中125例平均掌温显著升高(3·24±0·20)℃,25例升高不显著,仅(0·64±0·10)℃。术毕超声检测肱动脉血管内径增大,血流量显著增多,收缩期峰值与舒张期终末值均变大,搏动指数变小,收缩期/舒张期比值显著变小,行配对t检验显示,以上参数P值均<0·05,差异有统计学意义。结论术中超声检测肱动脉血流动力学变化,结合掌温测量是判断胸交感神经干切断成功的有效方法。