骨韧带样纤维瘤外科手术疗效分析

目的：探讨骨韧带样纤维瘤外科手术治疗效果。方法：自2000年6月至2010年6月,手术治疗15例骨韧带样纤维瘤患者,男4例,女11例;年龄18～64岁,平均39岁。部位分别是股骨上段4例、股骨下段3例、胫骨下段2例、肱骨上段1例、肱骨下段1例、肩胛骨1例、耻骨支1例、髂骨1例、胸骨柄1例。15例中1例行单纯病灶内刮除,14例按手术方式分两组,广泛切除组（7例）,扩大刮除加灭活组（7例）。观察术后复发情况,采用Enneking功能评分对术后恢复情况进行评定。结果：15例患者均获随访,时间18～132个月,平均56个月。未发现转移。复发2例,1例为单纯病灶内刮除,1例为广泛切除组,复发率13．3％（2/15）。根据Enneking功能评估标准,广泛切除组术后（21．6±3．8）分,扩大刮除加灭活（28．3±1．3）分。广泛切除组优2例,良5例;扩大刮除加灭活组优7例。结论：扩大刮除加灭活手术较广泛切除组功能恢复更好,在重建较为困难的特殊部位建议优先考虑。     

第1跖骨远端Chevron截骨联合软组织松解术治疗拇外翻

目的 :探讨第1跖骨远端Chevron截骨联合软组织松解术治疗轻、中度拇外翻的临床疗效。方法:自2015年6月至2017年6月,采用第1跖骨远端Chevron截骨联合软组织松解术治疗拇外翻32例(40足),其中男3例3足,女29例37足;年龄22～80岁,平均57.57岁;病程2～32年,平均14年;轻度9足,中度31足。术前患者合并拇囊炎,伴有第1跖趾关节周围疼痛并存在负重行走时疼痛加重。手术前后拍摄足负重正侧位片,比较拇外翻角(hallux valgus angle,HVA),第1、2跖骨间角(intermetatarsal angle,IMA),并采用美国足踝外科协会拇外翻评分(AOFAS)评价临床疗效。结果:32例患者获得了随访,时间12～24个月,平均15.2个月。术后切口均愈合良好,无感染、跖骨头坏死等并发症发生。术前HVA、IMA分别由(32.08±5.59)°、(11.63±2.24)°减小至术后12个月的(10.31±4.36)°、(5.02±2.34)°,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。AOFAS评分由术前的56.75±6.42提高至术后12个月的88.80±3.99 (P0.05)。结论:第1跖骨远端Chevron截骨联合软组织松解术治疗轻、中度拇外翻畸形可获得较好的临床效果,为拇外翻治疗提供了更多的选择。     

骨组织工程研究进展

组织工程学是应用生命科学和工程学的原理及技术，构建、培育活组织，研制生物替代物，以修复或重建组织器官的结构，维持或改善功能的一门新兴学科。目前组织工程学研究的主要问题是：①种子细胞的体内、体外培养；②支架材料的研究与开发；③种子细胞与基质材料相互作用的调控等。骨创伤、肿瘤和炎症等导致的骨缺损是目前骨科临床的常见病和难治病，惟一的方法是通过骨移植进行修复。利用骨组织工程培养的人工骨不仅可修复大面积的骨缺损，而且可按需塑形及大量制备，是一种理想的创伤修复及功能重建的材料。     

Imaging findings of complications affecting the upper extremity in intravenous drug users: featured cases

Infections generally occur in intravenous drug abuse (IVDA) patients, most commonly affecting the spine and proximal joints. Numerous serious musculoskeletal complications of IVDA may involve the upper extremity, however. Soft-tissue complications in the upper extremity of IVDA patients include cellulitis, ulceration, abscess, pyomyositis, septic bursitis, tenosynovitis, and necrotizing fasciitis. Foreign bodies in soft tissue due to needle fragments are common findings. Primary bone and joint IVDA complications include osteomyelitis (acute and chronic) and septic arthritis. Other IVDA complications in the upper extremity affecting blood vessels and lymphatics include hematoma, arterial aneurysm and pseudoaneurysm, thrombosis, thrombophlebitis, "puffy hand" syndrome, and lymphadenopathy. These complications usually present as urgent issues requiring prompt and accurate evaluation in the acute setting. Diagnostic imaging not only aids in making the correct diagnosis but also permits precise definition of the location and extent of these abnormalities. We review the imaging findings and illustrate a wide range of disabling and even life-threatening complications affecting the upper extremity of IVDA patients that require early diagnosis for optimal outcome.     

手术治疗骨转移癌(附15例报告)

目的 :丰富骨转移癌手术治疗临床经验。方法 :1998年 5月～ 2 0 0 1年 8月共手术治疗骨转移癌患者 15例中 ,男性 10例、女性 5例 ,年龄 2 8～ 72岁 ,转移灶在股骨 10例、脊柱 2例、骨盆 2例、肱骨 1例 ,手术采取瘤段骨切除并人工假体置换 7例 ,骨水泥填充加内固定 8例。结果 :15例中 ,13例 (86 6 % )疼痛明显缓解或消失 ,11例 (76 6 % )生活质量明显改善 ;随访3个月～ 2年 ,术后 3个月死亡 1例、4～ 6个月死亡 5例、7～ 12个月死亡 4例、12～ 18个月死亡 3例 ,存活 2年以上 2例。结论 :骨转移癌手术治疗的目的是缓解疼痛、改善生存或生活质量 ,正确掌握手术适应证 ,手术方式恰当 ,可达到此目的 ,并可延长患者的生存时间     

Magnetic resonance signal alterations in the acute onset of heterotopic ossification in patients with spinal cord injury

The purpose of our study was to evaluate magnetic resonance (MR) signal characteristics of acutely forming heterotopic ossification (HO) in paralyzed patients. Fourteen patients with spinal cord injury (female n=2, male n=12, mean age 38.3 years) and acute onset of radiographically proven HO had contrast-enhanced 1.5-T MRI within 13.4±18.3 days of clinical onset of symptoms. MR signal alterations of affected muscles, fascia, subcutaneous tissue, skin and adjacent bone were evaluated. A diffuse T2-hyperintense signal of multiple muscle groups was seen in all patients (bilateral in 12) involving quadriceps (n=13, 93%), adductors (n=13, 93%) and iliopsoas (n=12, 86%) with contrast enhancement in n=11 (79%), n=8 (57%) and n=8 (57%) patients. All patients had nonenhancing areas (mean size 2×3.5×5.8 cm) within diffusely enhancing muscles. HO formation occurred around these nonenhancing areas in four patients with computed tomography follow-up. Other MR findings included fascial edema (n=14, 100%), fascial enhancement (n=13, 93%), subcutaneous edema (n=13, 93%), subcutaneous enhancement (n=12, 86%), bone marrow edema (n=5, 36%), and joint effusion (n=12, 86%). MRI reveals mostly bilateral edema and enhancement of muscles, fascia and subcutaneous tissue during acute onset of HO. HO develops in the periphery of well-defined areas of no enhancement.     

定量骨超声对诊断甲状腺功能亢进症患者骨代谢异常的意义

目的探讨定量骨超声在甲状腺功能亢进症(甲亢)骨代谢异常中的意义。方法选择118例甲亢患者,用Sunlight-Ominisense超声骨强度仪检测其桡骨、胫骨超声波传导速度(SOS),双能X线骨密度仪测定其腰椎、股骨近端骨密度。用放射免疫方法测定血清总甲状腺素(TT4),总三碘甲状腺原氨酸(TT3),游离甲状腺素(FT4),游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)和促甲状腺激素(TSH)的水平。血生化的方法测定血碱性磷酸酶。结果与正常对照比较,甲亢患者胫骨和桡骨SOS降低(40~50岁:3809±171vs.3955±102,3881±713vs.4187±114;50~60岁:3721±223vs.3852±102,3875±201vs.4035±114),差异均有统计学意义(均P<0·05);SOS与骨密度呈显著性正相关(P<0·05);甲亢胫骨和桡骨SOS异常的发生率(Z值≥-1的发生率分别为41·2%、43·3%,-2·5相似文献   

Extraosseous tumor uptake of 99m Technetium Phosphate Compounds in children with abdominal neuroblastoma

Sixteen patients with abdominal neuroblastoma had 99m Technetium Phosphate Compounds (99m TC-PC) bone scans as a preoperative evaluation for metastatic disease. Ten patients (62%) had extraosseous tumor uptake while six patients (38%) did not. There was no difference in the incidence of tumor calcification, tumor necrosis or hydronephrosis in the two groups. However, VMA levels were significantly higher in the group with extraosseous tumor uptake. Various bone seeking radionuclides are compared to 99m TC-PC and possible mechanism for extraosseous uptake of such radionuclides are postulated. Awareness of the frequency of such uptake should reduce the possibility of errors in the interpretation of bone scans in patients with neuroblastoma.     

Avascular necrosis of bone in severe acute respiratory syndrome

AIM: To report the incidence of avascular osteonecrosis (AVN) in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-seven SARS patients who had large joint pain between March 2003 and May 2003 underwent both plain radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination on the same day. All patients received steroids and ribavirin treatment. All plain radiographs and MR images were analysed by two experienced musculoskeletal radiologists. Any abnormalities, location, extent, morphology, the number, size and signal intensity of lesions were evaluated. RESULTS: Twenty-eight patients were identified with AVN, The mean time to diagnosis of AVN was 119 days after the onset of SARS, or 116 days after steroid use. Three patients had early bilateral AVN of the femoral head, four patients of one femoral head, five patients of the bilateral hips and knees, four patients of the ipsilateral hip and knees, 10 patients of the knee(s), one patient of the right proximal fibula, and one patient of the knees and talus. Results of hip, knee and ankle plain radiographs were negative. CONCLUSION: AVN can occur in the patients with SARS. AVN had a strong association with steroid use. More studies are required to confirm whether the virus itself can also lead to AVN.