骨髓移植诱导免疫耐受家兔全耳同种移植

目的　为了减轻免疫诱导过程中对受体的侵袭 ,进一步探讨以家兔为动物模型 ,通过异体骨髓移植诱导同种皮肤移植免疫耐受。方法　通过骨髓腔内直接注射异体骨髓细胞 ,进行骨髓移植。结果　皮片的平均存活时间是 (88.0± 6 .0 )天 (P <0 .0 0 1 )。为了探讨其普遍性 ,我们用此诱导方法 ,还进行了同种全耳移植。平均存活时间是 (1 4 6 .0± 1 5 .1 )天 ,并有 1只移植耳存活时间已超过 1年 ,未见任何排斥反应。结论　本研究证明了以家兔为动物模型 ,在不使用免疫抑制剂的情况下 ,通过骨髓腔内直接注射异体骨髓细胞 ,进行骨髓移植的方法 ,不仅在皮肤移植上可以诱导长期稳定的特异性免疫耐受 ,而且在实质性器官耳的同种移植上取得了良好的效果     

Bone Mineral Density in the Proximal Femur and Contralateral Knee After Total Knee Arthroplasty

Osteoarthrosis (OA) is often associated with pain and disability, which are relieved after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), but the nature of bone changes associated with OA is controversial. We examined preoperative hip and contralateral knee bone mineral density (BMD) in patients requiring TKA and monitored the BMD changes postoperatively. Sixty-nine patients, scheduled to have TKA for osteoarthrotic knees, had both hips and contralateral knee BMD measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the time of operation (baseline) and at 1 yr after operation. X-rays of the knee joints were also taken to evaluate the severity of OA. Preoperatively, 27% and 38% of the patients had total hip BMD Z-score more than 1 SD in the operated side and contralateral hips, respectively. In all regions of interest (ROI), the mean baseline BMD of the affected side proximal femur was significantly lower than that of the contralateral side (p < 0.0005-0.019). The severity of OA was not associated with BMD. During 1-yr follow-up, the postoperative knee status and the physical activity of the patients (AKS score) improved. However, neither the hip nor the nonoperated knee BMDs increased. Knee OA is associated with significantly lower BMD values in the affected side compared with the contralateral hip, and these levels remained similar or decreased during a 1-yr follow-up. We conclude that improved mobility after TKA does not improve the effects of preoperative disuse-associated bone loss in the short term.     

逆行交锁髓内钉治疗股骨远段骨折

目的 总结股骨逆行交锁髓内钉应用的适应证、优点及其疗效。方法 2001年6月～2003年6月，采用切开复位股骨逆行交锁髓内钉内固定，治疗股骨远段骨折21例，早期行膝关节功能锻炼。结果 18例获随访，全部骨性愈合，功能恢复良好，无膝痛、跛行、膝关节僵直等。结论 股骨逆行交锁髓内钉治疗股骨远段骨折具有明显优势，固定牢固、坚强，功能恢复快，并发症少等优点，手术不需要C臂X线机和骨科手术牵引床，适合基层医院临床应用。     

大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞转染人TH基因的实验研究

目的评价酪氨酸羟化酶(tyrosine hydroxylase,TH)基因修饰骨髓间充质干细胞(mesenchymalstem cells,MSCs)后TH的表达情况及转染TH基因对MSCs的影响.方法构建含人TH基因的pCMV/hTH质粒,用脂质体转染原代培养的大鼠MSCs;Western blot及免疫细胞化学染色鉴定TH基因的表达及MSCs的分化情况;MTT比色法测定转染后的MSCs细胞活性,并与未转染的MSCs进行细胞活性比较.结果构建的pCMV/hTH质粒经ECoRI酶切后产生1.9okb和5.3kb的片段,与回收的目的基因及载体基因片段大小相符;转基因后的MSCs Western blot及免疫细胞化学染色显示TH染色阳性;转染后MSCs未见有NeuN,GFAP的表达;MTT比色法测定细胞活性,未转染与转染者差异无显著性.结论构建的TH基因能在体外培养的鼠MSCs中较好的表达,转染不会诱导MSCs向神经样细胞分化,对MSCs细胞活性无明显影响.     

手法复位治疗移位的跟骨关节内骨折

移位的跟骨关节内骨折的治疗长期以来一直是一个较为困难的问题，近年来多提倡手术切开复位内固定治疗。我院自1996—2001年采用手法复位治疗移位跟骨关节内骨折29例，效果满意，报告如下。     

QCT骨密度测量的质量控制及意义

目的目前国内对QCT骨密度测量的质量控制研究较少，本文介绍了QCT骨密度测量的准确度、精密度试验方法和意义。方法使用东芝CT机自带体模和软件为测量工具，测量四川大学华西骨质疏松研究中心等研制的QCT骨体模（称四川体模）的骨密度值。四川体模固定于15cm深的水浴中模拟人体腰椎，东芝体模置于水浴容器与扫描床面之间，按照人腰椎QCT骨密度测量相同的条件和方法进行操作，每日1次对测量体模连续测量25日，计算SD和CV，分别以25次测量125d25次测量／1d基线作3m的shewhart图。结果测量四川体模从小到大三管骨密度分别的准确度误差为-60．4％、-39．1％和-13．6％，其分别的校正系数为2．69、1．64、1．15，相关系数为0．9966，回归方程Y=35．6＋0．958X（X为测量骨密度，Y为校正后骨密度）。本型QCT机骨密度测量的25次／1d及25次，25d精密度误差分别为1．25～5．54％和1．98～7．87％。25次125d的精密度误差要大于25次，d，显示机器一日内精密度误差变化小，随时间延长其变化增大。以25次125d的结果为基线绘制的shewhart图优于25次/d。结论一切QCT骨密度测量都应进行质量控制，准确度必须予以校正，精密度试验应在此基础上进行。这样结果才真实、科学、可靠并具有可比性。     

骨水泥和种植体同期植入修复颌骨和牙列缺损的实验研究

目的：探讨高分子材料和种植体同期植入缺损区进行同步骨缺损修复和牙列缺损修复的可行性。方法：以4只杂种狗为研究对象，制备下颌骨长约2．5cm的缺损的动物模型(保留下颌骨下缘)，将骨水泥(聚甲基丙烯酸酯)植入骨缺损，同时将牙种植体植入骨水泥中并调整长轴方向，立即关闭术创。至术后3个月摄X线片，然后处死动物，局部巨检以了解骨水泥同骨组织的结合情况，并制备骨组织切片进行苏木精一伊红染色和甲苯胺蓝染色，以了解植入材料周边骨的生长情况及其对植入材料的反应。结果：术后3个月X线检查见骨缺损区充满骨水泥，骨水泥周边的骨小梁清晰，未见骨吸收或炎症表现，形成良好的骨-骨水泥界面，种植体则依赖其表面的螺纹结构与骨水泥间紧密的机械性嵌合而牢固的成为一体，植入的骨水泥块与周边天然骨结合紧密，无松动现象。植入材料周边局部脱钙骨的苏木精-伊红染色和甲苯胺蓝染色见骨结构正常，同时骨-骨水泥界有新骨形成。结论：骨水泥作为颌骨修复替代材料同期植入种植体是可行的。     

Disaggregation of bone into crystals

Summary The sizes, shapes, and organizational states of the crystals in bone are studied by systematic disaggregation of the mineral phase. This is achieved by oxidizing the organic phase with sodium hypochlorite, dispersing the resultant particles by sonication, and separating the crystal aggregates from the crystal monomers by gravity setting in ethanol. Six different bones are compared. Bones in which crystals are intimately associated with the collagen fibrils mostly disaggregate into crystal monomers. In dense bones, where the crystals are mostly located between fibrils, they tend to persist as “fused” aggregates. All the crystals are tabular or plate-shaped. In bones in which the majority of crystals are associated with the collagen fibrils, just less than 90% of the crystals are shorter than about 450 ? in length. Their widths are on the average about 250 ?, almost an order of magnitude larger than the diameters of individual gap regions within the collagen fibril. The notion that one crystal is located in one gap region is therefore untenable and a reevaluation of the relations between collagen and mineral in bone is necessary.     

前路槽式减压长方体髂骨植骨固定治疗颈椎骨折

颈椎骨折常合并有不同程度的脊髓神经功能损伤及颈椎不稳定,对颈脊髓损伤治疗的目的是恢复颈椎的生理解剖关系,重建脊柱的稳定性,防止神经组织的继发性损伤,促进神经功能的恢复,早期无痛情况下的功能康复。2000年8月至2004年8月应用前路槽式减压自体长方体髂骨植骨钛合金钢板固定治疗下颈椎骨折46例,效果满意,总结如下。1临床资料本组46例,均为男性,年龄21~62岁,平均47·3岁。受伤原因:交通事故伤26例,坠落伤20例。骨折部位:C33例,C412例,C516例,C610例,C4、C5同时骨折5例。骨折类型:垂直压缩性骨折4例,屈曲型压缩性骨折23例,过伸型压缩…     

Treatment of osteoporosis in men

Osteoporosis in men is recognised worldwide as an important and increasing public health problem. The causes are more heterogeneous than those in women. About 50% are diagnosed as secondary cases. In some secondary forms of osteoporosis the specific diagnosis results in additional therapeutic options (e.g. androgen therapy in proven hypogonadism). The basic therapy for osteoporosis in men is no different to that in postmenopausal women, namely recommendations for counteracting modifiable risk factors, especially with regard to diet, physical exercise, and calcium and vitamin D supplementation. Concerning specific drug medications, however, even today there is still a therapeutic dilemma in male osteoporosis. While older substances (e.g. calcitonin, fluoride, alfacalcidol) are approved for both sexes, all newer medications have primarily been approved for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Health authorities request studies in purely male populations. For new drugs, fracture data are necessary while for new substances within a class (e.g. bisphosphonates), at the very least consistent effects on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover markers are requested. Due to these regulatory rules, ibandronate, teriparatide and strontium ranelate are not approved in the European Union. Some years ago, alendronate was the first bisphosphonate that was approved for the treatment of men with osteoporosis, based on consistent results from two independent male studies using a daily 10 mg dosage. Very recently risedronate was approved by the FDA and EMEA. A randomised, placebo-controlled multicentre trial of 285 male patients showed, after 2 years, a 5.8% increase in lumbar spine BMD in the risedronate 35 mg once weekly group vs 1.2% in the placebo group. In a prospective controlled study on 316 men with primary or secondary osteoporosis we found, after 12 months, a lumbar spine BMD of +4.7% vs +1.0% in controls. The number of patients with one or more new vertebral fractures was 8 in the risedronate group and 20 in the placebo group (a fracture reduction of 60%). Furthermore, we found a significantly smaller decrease in height and a steeper decrease in back pain in the risedronate group. Risedronate is the first oral bisphosphonate available for men with the more comfortable once weekly dosage.